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Developing a prototype concurrent design tool for composite topside structures

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 279-290页

作者： Dirlik, S Hambric, S Azarm, S Marquardt, M Hellman, A Bartlett, S Castelli, V Steve Dirlik:began his career at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division in 1981 as an aerospace engineer co-op student. He completed his bachelor of science degree in aeropace and ocean engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1985 and his master of science degree in aerospace engineering from the University of Maryland in 1990. Mr. Dirlik recently completed a master of science program in applied physics at The Johns Hopins University and currently works in the Radar Cross Section and Target Physics Branch of the Signatures Directorate at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Corderoke Division. He has worked on Navy low observable programs since 1990. Stephen Hambric:is a research associate at the Applied Research Laboratory at The Pennsylvania State University. He received his B. S. and M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and his D. Sc. in mechnical engineering from the George Washington University. He has worked on several computer aided multidiscikplinary design and optimization projects over the years including an automated propeller design system and a structural acoustic optimization capability. Dr. Shpour Azarm:is currently working as an associate professor with the Design and Manufacturing Group of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of maryland at College Park. Dr Azarm's expertise is in the areas of optimization-based designed and concurrent design and optimization of multidisciplinary systems. He was a consultant at Black & Decker Corporation (summer 1996) and worked as a Navy senior summer faculty fellow (summer 1995) and a NASA summer faculty fellow (summer 1994). He was a visiting scientist at NASA Langley Research Center for Multidisciplinary Analysis and Applied Structural Optimzatiom at the University of Siegen in Germany (spring 1992) and the Design Institute of the Technical University of Denmark (summer 1990). Dr Azarm was an associate technical editor of the ASME Jour

A prototype concurrent engineering tool has been developed for the preliminary design of composite topside structures for modern navy warships. This tool, named GELS for the Concurrent engineering of Layered Structures, provides designers with an immediate assessment of the impacts of their decisions on several disciplines which are important to the performance of a modern naval topside structure, including electromagnetic interference effects (EMI), radar cross section (RCS), structural integrity, cost, and weight. Preliminary analysis modules in each of these disciplines are integrated to operate from a common set of design variables and a common materials database. Performance in each discipline and an overall fitness function for the concept are then evaluated. A graphical user interface (GUI) is used to define requirements and to display the results from the technical analysis modules. Optimization techniques, including feasible sequential quadratic programming (FSQP) and exhaustive search are used to modify the design variables to satisfy all requirements simultaneously. The development of this tool, the technical modules, and their integration are discussed noting the decisions and compromises required to develop and integrate the modules into a prototype conceptual design tool.

关键词： Warships

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THE DETERMINATION OF SHIP LOADS AND MOTIONS - A RECOMMENDED engineering APPROACH - REPLY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第4期102卷 143-144页

作者： BUCKLEY, WH The Author:graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology from which he received his BS degree in aeronautical engineering in 1948 and his BS degree in business administration in 1949. He was employed for 20 years by the Bell Aerospace Company as a structural engineer. During this time he was responsible for structural design loads for the X-22A VTOL research airplane SKMR-1 the Navy's first large air cushion vehicle and the SES-100B surface effect ship. After joining the Structures Department of the David Taylor Research Center in 1971 he conducted hydrofoil ship loads research and later supported the PHM procurement program. In 1978 he initiated a loads research program for displacement ships with emphasis on casualty analysis statistical analyses of non-linear random processes extreme wave characteristics and most recently climatic and extreme spectra for use in determining long-term structural loadings. In 1982 he received a master's degree in ocean and marine engineering from The George Washington University. He is a member of ASNE SNAME and Sigma Xi and is currently chairman of the SNAME Hull Loading Panel (HS-1).

This paper outlines the essential features of a recommended engineering approach to load and motion determination, required developments, progress to date and remaining key developments. An engineering approach is defined as one in which all significant cause and effect relationships have been identified and quantified so that the resulting design criteria and methods can play a deterministic role in the give and take of ship design. In defining the essential features of such an approach consideration is given to (a) the random nature of the seaway, (b) linear and nonlinear characteristics of the seaway and ship responses to it, and (c) the use of resulting loads and stresses in the assessment of as-built static strength, fatigue and flaw growth degradation of static strength, and energy absorption under seaway impact loadings. Progress to date in these areas is overviewed and recent developments summarized which serve to demonstrate that the rather demanding elements of an engineering approach are attainable. Because of the importance of seaway characteristics, primary attention has been given to providing an effective engineering definition of world wide wave climates. In addition, because of the importance of nonlinear seaways and ship responses, a method of characterizing the nonlinearity of measured random data has been developed. With these advances in hand, remaining critical developments are identified and approaches to their resolution suggested.

关键词： Ships

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EXTENSION AND APPLICATION OF SHIP DESIGN OPTIMIZATION CODE (SHIPDOC)

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第3期96卷 177-190页

作者： RICHARDSON, WM WHITE, WN William M:. Richardsonhas been employed as a naval architect in the Surface Effect Ship Division of the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center (DTNSRDC) where he has worked since 1975 in the areas of SES structural loads estimation and optimal ship design. Upon first coming to DTNSRDC he worked in the Ship Dynamics Simulation Branch on ACV submarine and hydrofoil simulations. While at Mare Island Naval Shipyard (MINS) he was a member of the Engineering Computer Applications Branch where he was responsible for the development of algorithms and programs for the solution of naval architectural problems including ship design flooding effects and submarine overhaul scheduling. Before coming to MINS he was employed as a naval architect in the Hull Scientific Branch of the Boston Naval Shipyard's Design Division. He obtained an B.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from M.I.T. and is a member of SNAME. William N:. Whiteis a senior naval architect in the Advance Vehicles Branch of the Naval Sea Systems Command where he is responsible for the design of all surface effect ships and air cushion vehicles. Previous to his current assignment he was with PMS-304 the Navy's Surface Effect Ship Project Office. There he was the manager for machinery and system integration for the 3000 ton SES acquisition program. His earliest advanced ship experience was acquired while employed by the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center starting in 1970. Here he worked on the Navy's hydrofoil and air cushion vehicle programs. Mr. White started his career as a student trainee at the Boston Naval Shipyard in 1961 and transferred to Mare Island Naval Shipyard in 1964 where he worked on the Navy's Polaris program. He graduated from the University of Michigan with a Master's Degree in Naval Architecture and is a member of the SNAME and ASNE.

An existing nonlinear ship design optimization program designated SHIPDOC has been extended and a new surface effect ship (SES) description input file is being developed under the sponsorship of the Naval Sea Systems Command's surface ship concept formulation (CONFORM) program. SHIPDOC is currently being used in support of several feasibility and preliminary level SES designs. The program has several novel features including an open-ended, user-created ship description and the potential to model all types of ships both enhanced and conventional, surfaced and submerged. This capability has been combined with a nonlinear optimization algorithm that solves for the minimum weight ship subject to user controlled constraints. This paper presents a brief overall description of SHIPDOC and its current capabilities followed by a synopsis of ship types, both surface and submerged, which have been designed with the program in order to illustrate SHIPDOC's practical design capability.

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SEAKEEPING PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF AIR CAPABLE SHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1982年第2期94卷 101-117页

作者： COMSTOCK, EN BALES, SL GENTILE, DM Mr. Edward N. Comstock:is currently Head of the Hull Form Design and Performance Branch (SEA 3213) of the Naval Sea Systems Command. He received his B.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering in 1970 and his M.S.E. degree in Ship Hydrodynamics in 1974 both from the University of Michigan. Mr. Comstock began his career with theU.S. Navyin 1974 as a Seakeeping Specialist in the Hull Form and Fluid Dynamics Branch of the former Naval Ship Engineering Center. Achieving his present position in January 1982 Mr. Comstock was previously Head of the Surface Ship Hydrodynamics Section of SEA 3213 being responsible for recent hull form designs including DDG-51 MCM-1 and ARS-50. Before obtaining that position in 1979 Mr. Comstock's efforts were primarily aimed at developing and establishing seakeeping performance assessment and design practices. Prior to his employment by the Navy Mr. Comstock worked in the Structural and Hydrodynamics Group of General Dynamics' Electric Boat Division. A member of ASNE he is also a member of ASE and SNAME and has been active in supporting the efforts of the SNAME H-7 (Seakeeping) Panel SNAME HS-12 (Hull Instrumentation) Panel the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the NATO Armaments Group IEG6/Sub-Group 5 (Seakeeping). Ms. Susan L. Bales:has been associated with the David W. Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center (DTNSRDC) and its predecessor organizations throughout her professional career. She is currently Head of the Ocean Environment Group of the DTNSRDC Surface Ship Dynamics Branch (1561) and also serves as the DTNSRDC Program Manager of the Navy's Exploratory Development Program on Surface Waves. Her work documented by more than fifty technical publications has been directed primarily to ship seakeeping ocean environment and ship performance assessment problems. An internationally recognized authority in her field she is also active in several professional societies as well as the SNAME H-7 (Seakeeping) Panel the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the NA

The on-going debate regarding the merits of large versus small aircraft carriers raises several issues concerning the ability of various ship configurations to support sea based air operations. One such issue is the question of the relative seakeeping performance of ship alternatives. In an effort to shed some light on the matter, a comparative seakeeping assessment of nine air capable ships covering a wide range of size and hull form was performed. An evaluation of the impact of aircraft and ship motion limitations on sea based air operations and a comparison of the relative ability of the ships to conduct air operations while in a seaway are presented. The specific air operations considered are launch, recovery, and support of aircraft. The ships evaluated are CVN-71, CVA-67 (MR), CVV, LHA-1, VSS-D, DDV-2, DDV-1D, DD-963, and SWATH-6. These ships have the combined capability to operate Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL), Conventional Takeoff and Landing (CTOL), Short Takeoff and Arrested Landing (STOAL), and Short Takeoff and Vertical Landing (STOVL) type aircraft. Results indicate that seakeeping performance generally degrades with decreasing displacement, that SWATH-6 performance is the least degraded, that elevator wetness can be an important degrader for ships with lower freeboards, that roll motion can be an important degrader for ships under 60,000 tons, and that percent time of operation is strongly dependent on the prevailing wave and wind environment.

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structural ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A CATAMARAN CROSS‐STRUCTURE BY THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

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Naval Engineers Journal 1973年第1期85卷 33-42页

作者： MANSOUR, DR.A. FENTON, LCDR. PAUL H. Dr. A. Mansour an Associate Professor in the Department of Ocean Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology received his Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Cairo in 1958 and his M.E. and Ph.D. degrees in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the University of California at Berkeley in 1962 and 1966 respectively. He has had field experience and design responsibilities for about six years in the Suez Canal Authority John J. McMullen Associates Inc. and M. Rosenblatt and Son Inc. and has been with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for the past four years. During this period he contributed several technical papers and reports in the areas of structural mechanics sea loads finite element analysis of marine structures and probabilistic structural mechanics. He has been a consultant for several companies and organizations is a member of Sigma Xi and SNAME currently serving as a member of the latter's Stress Analysis and Strength of Structural Elements Panel. USN Lieutenant Commander Paul H. Fenton USN a 1964 graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy recently completed a graduate education program at M.I.T. in the field of Naval Construction and Engineering earning two degrees: Ocean Engineer and Master of Science in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering. He is presently assigned to the Charleston Naval Shipyard Charleston South Carolina and has had previous duty in the U.S.S. STICKELL (DD 888) and with the Naval Support Activity Saigon.

One of the problems encountered during the design of the ASR‐21 Catamaran is the determination of the effectiveness of the cross‐structure deck plating. In this paper, this problem is examined using the Finite Element Method. The behavior of a multicell box girder representing a catamaran cross‐structure is studied. Because of the relatively low length‐to‐breadth ratio of a typical catamaran cross‐structure, the deck plating effectiveness is found to be rather small. Parametric studies are performed, and curves of the effectiveness as a function of the relevant geometric and loading parameters are presented. These curves may be helpful in the early stages of new designs. © 1973 by the American Society of Naval Engineers

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AN EVALUATION OF HY‐80 STEEL. AS A structural MATERIAL FOR SUBMARINES. PART II

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Naval Engineers Journal 1965年第2期77卷 193-200页

作者： HELLER, S.R. FIORITI, IVO VASTA, JOHN Captain Heller an Engineering Duty Officer of the United States Navy received his undergraduate education at the University of Michigan in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering and in Mathematics. Following typical shipyard duty during World War II he received postgraduate instruction at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology leading to the degrees of Naval Engineer and Doctor of Science in Naval Architecture. Since then he has had design responsibilities in the Bureau of Ships had a maintenance assignment with the Fleet directed structural research at the David Taylor Model Basin engaged in submarine design and construction at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard and is now Head of Hull Design in the Bureau of Ships. Captain Heller is a member of ASNE SNAME Tau Beta Pi and Sigma Xi. Mr. Fioriti is the Materials Engineer in the Hull Scientific and Research Section Bureau of Ships with responsibility for materials and fabrication processes that are used in the construction of ship hulls. Mr. Fioriti attended the University of Pittsburgh receiving the Bachelor of Science degree in Metallurgical Engineering in 1951. He took postgraduate work at the University of Maryland receiving the Master of Science degree in 1960. From 1951 to 1956 he worked in the Metals and Metallurgy Section of the Bureau of Ships where he planned and administered research programs on metals for ships. He was associated intimately with the development of HY-80 steel and prepared the first specification used for its procurement by the Navy. In addition he was responsible for the development of dimpled armor plate for aircraft carrier flight decks. In 1956 he assumed his present position where he has been active in the Ship Structure Committee research program the low cycle fatigue structural program and the hydrofoil materials research program. Mr. Vasta is Head of Hull Scientific and Research Section Bureau of Ships with the responsibility for planning initiating and technically monitoring research in the fields of structural me

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Materials for hydrofoils

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Naval Engineers Journal 1963年第N 3期v 75卷 p609-622页

作者： Fioriti, I. Vasta, J. Starr, A. Mr. Fioriti is the Materials Engineer in the Hull Scientific and Research Section Bureau of Ships with responsibility for materials and fabrication processes that are used in the construction of ship hulls. Mr. Fioriti attended the University of Pittsburgh receiving the Bachelor of Science degree in Metallurgical Engineering in 1951. He took postgraduate work at the University of Maryland receiving the Master of Science degree in 1960. From 1951 to 1956 he worked in the Metals and Metallurgy Section of the Bureau of Ships where he planned and administered research programs on metals for ships. He was associated intimately with the development of HY-80 steel and prepared the first specification used for its procurement by the Navy. In addition he was responsible for the development of dimpled armor plate for aircraft carrier flight decks. In 1956 he assumed his present position where he has been active in the Ship Structure Committee research program the low cycle fatigue structural program and the hydrofoil materials research program. Mr. Vasta is the Head of Hull Scientific and Research Section Bureau of Ships with responsibility for planning initiating and technically monitoring research in the fields of structural mechanics and hydromechanics. Mr. Vasta attended New York University receiving the Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1930. He took postgraduate work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology receiving the Master of Science degree in 1931. From 1931 to 1938 he worked at the United States Experimental Model Basin in the structural mechanics group. After a short duty at the Headquarters of the United States Coast Guard he joined in 1939 the staff of the United States Maritime Commission where he held various positions of responsibility in the Technical Division. He was associated intimately with the design development of the reinforced concrete ship program first as Assistant Chief and then as the Chief of the Section. Thereafter he was appointed Assistant Chief of

Research program of U S Bureau of Ships is in final phase;literature survey and screening phases are completed;on basis of tests, fabrication studies and cost analyses most promising materials are steels 4330M and 17-4PH (H1025) with protective coatings, and 2 titanium alloys (8AL-2CB-1TA) and (6AL-4V);most promising coatings are polyurethane rubber and neoprene rubber base coatings;coated HY-100 steel is satisfactory for low performance foils;glass laminates are of particular interest as foil materials and are under study;no "off shelf" material is ideal for high speed foils.

关键词： Hydrofoils

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structural problems in penetrated spheres under pressure

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Naval Engineers Journal 1967年第N 2期v 79卷 p207-220页

作者： Vasta, J. Pohler, C. Becker, H. Winter, R. Mr. Vasta is Head of Hull Structures Branch Naval Ship Engineering Center of the Dept. of the Navy with the responsibility for hull structural design of surface ships and submarines and for planning initiating and technically monitoring research in the field of structural mechanics. Mr. Vasta attended New York University receiving the Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1930 and took postgraduate work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology receiving the Master of Science degree in 1931. He worked in the Structural Mechanics Group of the U. S. Experimental Model Basin from 1931 to 1938. After a short duty at the Headquarters of the U. S. Coast Guard he joined the U. S. Maritime Commission where between 1939 and 1948 he held various positions of responsibility in the Technical Division. Subsequently he joined the former Bureau of Ships first as Head of the Scientific and Research Section from 1948 to 1964 and later as Assistant Chief Naval Architect for Engineering Sciences in the Naval Ship Engineering Center from 1965 to 1966. Mr. Vasta is a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineering and of the American Welding Society and is active in many research panels and committees including the Ship Structure Committee and panels in the Welding Research Council. He is chairman of the Hull Structures Committee of the Society of Naval Architects and chairman of the “Fatigue” panel of the International Ship Structure Congress. Mr. Pohler is Head of the Submarine Structural Mechanics Unit Hull Structures Branch of the Naval Ship Engineering Center with responsibility principally for technical direction of the Navy's submarine structural research program and for development of design criteria for submarine hulls. Mr. Pohler attended the University of Houston receiving the Bachelor of Science degree in Architectural Engineering in 1956 took postgraduate work at the University of California receiving the Master of Engineering degree in Naval Architecture in 1959. He wor

Report of study on stresses in hatches, windows, and adjacent regions in penetrated spheres under external pressure for use in deep submergence structures, using three-dimensional photoelasticity;stress distributions from conical hatches and windows are compared with available results obtained from testing of models and prototype bathyspheres, and conclusions are developed relating to strength and design of hatches and windows;results obtained from pressurizing small conical windows under constant long-term loading, as preliminary index of tendency of plexiglas windows to creep in service, are included.

关键词： Undersea technology

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Comparative Heave Dynamics Of Two Unusual Ship Configurations For Recovery Of Submersibles

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Naval Engineers Journal 1971年第5期83卷 30-36页

作者： MOTHERWAY, D.L. HELLER, S.R. D. L. Motherway received his Bachelor of Science Degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Rhode Island in June 1961. He was subsequently employed at General Dynamics/Electric Boat Division Groton Connecticut where he held positions in their Planning Department as a planning engineer for FBM Submarine Construction and in the Mechanical Division as a design engineer. Motherway went to the Naval Ship Engineering Center Washington D. C. in March of 1966 with the Submarine Hydraulics Section of the Hull Design Branch where he participated in the design of submarine hydraulic systems. He later transferred to the Ocean Engineering Section of the Deck Systems Branch where he participated in design related to deep submergence vehicles and ocean salvage and retrieval systems. During this period at NavSEC he received his Master Science Degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Catholic University of America Washington D. C. From April 1970 to May 1971 he was with the Undersea Long-Range Missile System (ULMS) Submarine Design Development Office in the capacity of Assistant Subsystem Design Director. Currently he is the Senior Project Engineer for the ULMS program at the office of the Supervisor of Shipbuilding Conversion and Repair Groton Connecticut. He is a member of ASNE and ASE. S. R. Heller Jr. a retired Engineering Duty Officer of the United States Navy received his undergraduate education at the University of Michigan in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering and in Mathematics. Following typical shipyard duty during World War II he received postgraduate instruction at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology leading to the degrees of Naval Engineer and Doctor of Science in Naval Architecture. Since then he has had design responsibilities in the Bureau of Ships had a maintenance assignment with the Fleet directed structural research at the David Taylor Model Basin engaged in submarine design and construction at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard and was the last Head of Hull Design in the

The comparative heaving characteristics of two unusual ship configurations, a spar‐type ship similar to FLIP and a catamaran which employs a submerged cradle suspended by sophisticated motion attenuation devices, for recovery of small submersibles are presented. The two ships are described and their heaving characteristics are determined analytically using classical vibration theory. © 1971 American Society of Naval Engineers

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