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Definition of evaluation criteria for system development acquisition modeling and simulation

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1999年第1期111卷 55-64页

作者： Leite, MJ Mensh, DR Michael J. Leite:is a Principal Engineer with PRC Inc. a division of Litton Industries. He supports combat system engineering for theater air and missile defense. His other tasks have included the command and control for the AEGIS shipbuilding program systems engineering for the 21st Century Surface Combatant combat system survivability and the development of NATO standardization agreements for naval ordnance. He was previously a Senior Engineer with San Diego Gas & Electric with responsibility for its energy application and lighting programs. Prior to joining SDG&E Mr. Leite was a commissioned officer in the U.S. Navy where he served in operations and engineering assignments. Following active duty he accepted a Naval Reserve commission and has retired with the rank of Captain. His assignments included command operational and engineering tours. Mr. Leite has also served as an expert witness in admiralty and engineering matters. He is a gradate of the University of California Berkeley with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Engineering and also holds a Masters Degree in Business Administration from National University in San Diego. Mr. Leite is a Registered Professional Engineer in the States of California and Minnesota. Mr. Leite is a member of ASNE ASCE MORS the Illuminating Engineering Society and the U.S. Naval institute. Dennis Roy Mensh:is a Senior Engineer with PRC Inc. a division of Litton Industries in Crystal City VA where he supports modeling and simulation tasking for combat systems. He received BS and MS degrees in applied Physics from Lopola College in Baltimore MD and the American University in Washington DC. He has also completed the course work towards a Ph.D. degree in computer science specializing in the fields of Operations Reseurch Anabsis Systems Analysis and Computer Modeling and Simulation. Previously he was employed at the White Oak Laboratory of the Naval Surface Warfare Carter in Silver Spring MD where he worked in the areas of naval sensor and weapon system analysis

This paper defines, develops and examines a set of generic analysis tools that can be applied to Models and Simulations at the Systems engineering level of fidelity. The tools examine the performance and effectiveness of Sensors;Weapons;and Battle Management, Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence ((BMCI)-I-4) systems and equipment. The Measures of Performance (MOPs), Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs) and Measures of Force Effectiveness (MOFEs) were extracted from the Modular Command and Control Structure Paradigm which was developed at the Naval Postgraduate School. The paradigm provides for the development of evaluation criteria (MOPs, MOEs, and MOFEs) in a framework that ensures the traceability of system performance and effectiveness to the system operational requirements as specified in the Operational Requirements Document (ORD). Also, the analysis tools provide insight and valid estimates of numerical measures of the defined system functionality threads, which represent the system's operational requirements as specified in the ORD. The tools are directly transferrable and applicable to test and evaluation exercise events which are conducted in support of the development and acquisition of systems and equipment. Once the levels of system performance have been defined, the Paradigm generates a quantitative database that becomes a useful tool in system tradeoffs and selection. Once the alternative system suites have been defined, the suites can be analyzed in terms of system functionality threads and their corresponding performance capabilities versus cost.

关键词： Naval vessels

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A new approach to exact cone-beam reconstruction without Radon transform

A new approach to exact cone-beam reconstruction without Rad...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear science (NSS/MIC)

作者： H. Kudo N. Miyagi T. Saito Institute of Information Sciences and Electronics University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Masters Program in Science and Engineering University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan

Most exact cone-beam reconstruction methods are based on the Tuy-Smith-Grangeat formula which links cone-beam projections to the 3-D Radon transform. The computation of the 3-D Radon transform in these methods leads to drawbacks such as much computational requirements and significant discretization errors. The authors propose new exact cone-beam reconstruction method which does not explicitly compute the 3-D Radon transform. The new method is based on two familiar concepts in 3-D tomography fields which are the approximate ramp reconstruction (the cone-beam backprojection after the ramp filtering) and the Fourier synthesis based on the central slice theorem. Simulation results demonstrate that the new method requires less computational requirements and suffers from less discretization errors in typical cases.

关键词： Reconstruction algorithms Image reconstruction Fourier transforms Computed tomography Numerical stability Computational modeling Single photon emission computed tomography Microscopy Filtering algorithms Detectors

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Performance of quasi-exact cone-beam filtered backprojection algorithm for axially truncated helical data

Performance of quasi-exact cone-beam filtered backprojection...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear science (NSS/MIC)

作者： H. Kudo S. Park F. Noo M. Defrise Institute of Information Sciences and Electronics University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Masters Program in Science and Engineering University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Institute of Electricity Montefiore University of Liège Liege Belgium Division of Nuclear Medicine AZ-VUB Free University of Brussels Brussels Belgium

Concerns the problem of tomographic reconstruction from axially truncated cone-beam projections acquired with a helical vertex path. Very recently, Kudo et al. (J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, vol. 1, p. 612-19, 1984) developed a quasi-exact filtered backprojection algorithm for this problem. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performances of the quasi-exact algorithm by comparing it with variants of the approximate Feldkamp algorithm. The results show that the quasi-exact algorithm possesses the following two advantages over the Feldkamp algorithm. The first advantage is the improved image quality when the pitch of the helix is large. The second advantage is the use of a detector area close to the minimum detector area compatible with exact reconstruction. This area is shown to be much smaller than that required by the Feldkamp algorithm for typical geometries. One disadvantage of the quasi-exact algorithm is the computational time which is much longer than for the Feldkamp algorithm.

关键词： Detectors Computed tomography Image reconstruction Image quality Spirals Reconstruction algorithms Nuclear electronics Data engineering Nuclear medicine Performance evaluation

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Applying fuzzy functions and sequential coordination to optimization of machinery arrangement and pipe routing

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1998年第6期110卷 43-54页

作者： Wu, BC Young, GS Schmidt, W Choppella, K Dr. Bi-Chu Wu:received a PhD in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Maryland College Park in 1991. She has worked on projects involving naval architecture design optimization solid mechanics and database development. Presently a senwr engineer with Angle Incorporated Dr Wu's research interests are in design optimization and fuzzy logic applications. Dr. Gin-Shu Young: a senior engineer with Angle Incorporated holds a PhD in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Maryland College Park. As a guest researcher with National Institute of Standards and Technologies from 1990 to 1993 he worked on vision-based navigation for autonomous vehicles. His experience also includes applications of optimization fuzzy logic neural network and genetic algorithm methods to engineering system design Mr. William Schmidt:co-founded Angle Incorporated in 1990 and has served as Vice PresidentlChiefScientist during this tame. He holds a B.Sc. in Applied Science from the Naval Acadt?my and an M.Sc. in Physics from the Naval Post Graduate School. He has cner 20 years experience in technical leadership material and personnel management. He has led the application of computer aided design (CAD) and Product Model Information Exchange to the shipbuilding industry. His experience also includes leading the amlication of model based operational analysis to support the Live Fire Test Program for DDG 51 Class Destroyers. Mr. Krishna M. Choppella:is a Sofware Engineer at Eidea Laboratories Incotporated where he works on componentbased distributed enterpvise frameworks. He has been involved in creating data analysis tools for the US Nay by integrating CAD modeis databases and graphical front ends. His work in the Masters degree program in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin was in di0ddase.r spectroscopy of combustion products in porous-matri burners. He received his Bachelors degree in Electrical Engineering in India. He was a Research Associate at the Centre for Laser Technology and Project Engi

Ship design is often multidisciplinary involving several design elements with various types of objectives and constraints (O/C) some easily described as mathematical formulas, others better modeled as descriptive assertions. This paper describes a method based on fuzzy functions and an integrated performance index to model O/C using descriptive assertions to be used with mathematical formulas in optimization. Another issue addressed in this paper concerns the coordination of design elements when sequentially coupled, that is, when one leads the other and the performance of the follower depends greatly on the design of the leader. Based on neuro-fuzzy techniques, the method described here coordinates and optimizes sequentially coupled elements. The two methods are applied to machinery arrangement (MA) and pipe routing (PR). Preliminary models for optimization of MA and PR are described considering convenience, producibility: engine room size, interference and location as factors in the O/C set. Some test results from MA/PR applications are presented and discussed. The methods are generic and can be extended to other elements in ship design. They are mutually independent and may be used separately Two advantages of their use are an improvement in overall performance and a reduction in the need for redesign of elements.

关键词： Optimization

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Ship habitability - Preparing for the 21st century

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第6期109卷 21-27页

作者： Meere, EP Grieco, L Edward P. Meere:works in the Arrangements Division of the NavSea Systems Command (SEA 03H1) and has been the Navy Habitability Program Manager for the past three years. He received a Bachelor of Science in Engineering Science from Illinois Institute of Technology in 1966. He received a Masters of Business Administration from the American University in 1977. His experience to date includes: Mathematics teacher at Prince Georges Community College for 7 years 10 years as Branch Head for Carrier and Amphibious Arrangements Project Engineer for Underway Replenishment Equipment responsible for the concept and development of the One Man Control Station. Louis R. Grieco:is a Supervisory Mechanical Engineer in the Habitability Branch of the Hull and Deck Machinery Department at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division Philadelphia where he has been employed since 1971. He received a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering degree from Drexel University in 1979. His experience to date includes trade design and combat systems assignments at Philadelphia Naval Shipyard from 1960 to 1971 In Service Engineering Section and Branch Head for cargo/ weapons elevators conveyors torpedo handling systems habitability equipment and underway replenishment equipment and Life Cycle Manager for habitability systems. He also serves as a member of the Industrial Advisory Board at Temple University Philadelphia PA.

This paper discusses the problems identified in a FY 1995 fleet habitability survey. The survey questioned the fleet on the quality of shipboard living and working conditions and identified shortfalls in berthing, sanitary spaces, and food service systems that influence crew morale, safety, and ultimately mission effectiveness. Existing habitability programs, new initiatives and responses to the survey problems, plus a few quality of life ideas for the 21st century, are outlined.

关键词： Warships

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Introduction of a surface charge analysis instrument into the microelectronic engineering curricula at the Rochester Institute of Technology

Introduction of a surface charge analysis instrument into th...

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University/Government/Industry Microelectronics Symposium

作者： M.A. Jackson J.A. Will Microelectronic Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester NY USA Materials Science and Engineering Masters Degree program

A SCA-2000 Surface Charge Analyzer has been loaned to the Microelectronic engineering Department at RIT for use in undergraduate laboratories and research projects. To illustrate the process monitoring capability of the SCA, a designed experiment was performed to study the effects of variations in post-oxidation anneal and pull temperature on total oxide charge (Q/sub o/x). The SCA measurements on the as grown oxide were compared to C-V results from capacitors fabricated on the same films. Although absolute values of Q/sub o/x did not match, an overall correlation between the two sets of data was observed. It is hypothesized that the lower Q/sub ox/ values observed with C-V are the result of hydrogen passivation of Q/sub it/.

关键词： Instruments Capacitance-voltage characteristics Microelectronics Laboratories Monitoring Annealing Temperature Capacitors Hydrogen Passivation

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ACQUISITION REFORM AND BEST PRODUCT PROCUREMENT - AN engineering VIEW

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1994年第6期106卷 41-57页

作者： FISHER, DA SKOLNICK, A He has been involved with several weapon system developments. Among these were the Trident II fire control and navigation systems the BSY-I Anti-Submarine Warfare System and the Navy standard computers (UYK44 and EMSP). He served as manager of the Digital Circuits Engineering Branch and was then appointed as manager of the Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) Technology Division. As manager of the ATE Technology Division he was responsible for the SP-23 Fire Control System Support Project the SP-24 Navigation Project and the Fleet Progressive Maintenance Program (2M/ATE). This Division was responsible for selection and application of electronic product technology and for developing fleet test and repair techniques. He holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Evansville and is currently pursuing a Masters of Public Administration at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis. Dr. Alfred Skolnick:retired from the Navy in 1983 with the rank of captain. He is president of System Science Consultants (SSC) specializing in strategic planning technical program definition technology assessment and engineering analyses on selected matters of national interest. Dr. Skolnick taught mathematics and management sciences at University of Virginia and Marymount University. He is adjunct faculty at Northern Virginia Community College. From 1985 to 1989 he was president of the American Society of Naval Engineers. In the Navy he served at Applied Physics Laboratory/The Johns Hopkins University then aboard USSBoston(CAG-1) and played leading roles in several weapon system developments inertial navigation (Polaris) deep submergence (DSRV) and advanced ship designs (SES). He later was director Combat System Integration Naval Sea Systems Command and head Combat Projects Naval Ship Engineering Center. In 1975 he became a major project manager and led the Navy's High Energy Lasers Program in 1981 he was assigned all Navy Directed Energy Weapons development efforts. He was vice president advanced tech

The military services are being moved in the direction of performance-based specifications and standards. They are being steered against dictating ''how to'' produce an item since such action forecloses on the ability to gain access to components or technology that may have a commercial equivalent. Why should the engineering community embrace the new approach? Aside from the obvious weight of it being approved policy, therefore currently mandated, it warrants examination because it is the correct approach at this time when applied to appropriate products. Military specifications and standards are to be displaced then, by acceptable alternative contractor design solutions. Industry bidders will be allowed to propose the particular design details, permitting procurement flexibility by contractually citing only system level or interface requirements, both physical and functional. Hopefully, this can broaden the industrial base and increase competition with reduced costs to follow. Conceptually, the approach appears both performance-sensible and cost-attractive (there are, of course, consequent risks) but how does implementation proceed? Is it possible to pursue the goals envisioned along paths that are not in themselves experimental? Can the American postulate, minimal loss of life and limb to U.S. military people, continue to be honored? Experience and track record elsewhere imply encouraging possibilities in select situations-useful prospects are identified and discussed in practical terms.

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TESTING OF A MAGNETICALLY TREATED WEST-GERMAN DIESEL-ENGINE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第3期96卷 243-251页

作者： WHITE, JW The AuthorLieutenant Commander James W. White USNenlisted in the U.S. Navy in 1964 and served as an electronics technician and as a nuclear power instructor. As a student in the Navy Enlisted Scientific Education Program he received his Bachelor of Science degree in engineering physics at the University of Oklahoma and was commissioned an ensign. As a junior officer he served as engineer in USSMarathan (PG-89) and was the commissioning main propulsion assistant in USSPaul F. Foster (DD-964). Following his tour in that ship he continued his studies at Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he received a Masters of Science in mechanical engineering as well as the professional degree of ocean engineer. After M.I. T. he served at David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center as a project engineer in the Ship's Electric Propulsion Program and at Naval Sea Systems Command as a design and engineering officer.

Aluminum block nonmagnetic diesel engines have been less reliable in service than their cast iron counterparts. Additionally, nonferrous engines are produced in small numbers exclusively for military use and thus have no commerical base with which to enhance logistics support. A West German engine manufacturer, Motoren-und-Turbinen-Union (MTU), has developed a method for magnetically treating cast iron engines in such a way as to reduce their magnetic signatures and thus make them available for mine countermeasures applications. In order to take advantage of the improved reliability and supportabitity of ferrous but magnetically treated production engines, the U.S. Navy conducted an extensive test and evaluation program to confirm or question the suitability of the engine for a new class of mine countermeasure ships. Testing consisted of a 1000-hour endurance run in accordance with military specifications for high speed diesel engines and high impact shock testing. The magnetic signature of the engine was mapped before and after each test in order to verify that neither shock nor extended running could change the magnetic properties of the engine. A maintenance demonstration was also performed in which Navy mechanics carried out various tasks in an effort to identify engine details which could be altered and thus improve the engine's maintainability. Subsequent magnetic testing was intended to show-that part interchanging and routine maintenance would not change the magnetic character of the engine. This paper describes the unique characteristics of the MTU 6V396TB63 diesel engine and will consolidate and illustrate the results of endurance, shock, magnetic, and maintenance testing.

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DESIGN FOR NEW-JERSEY, IOWA, AND DES-MOINES MODERNIZATION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第3期96卷 25-38页

作者： SIMS, PJ EDWARDS, JR DICKEY, RL SHULL, HS Philip J. Sims:graduated from Webb Institute in 1971 and went to work for the Advance Design Branch of the Naval Ship Engineering Center. He was part of the FFG-7 design team in 1972. The 1973–75 years were spent developing automated early-stage aircraft carrier design procedures and performing carrier design trade-off work in support of the CVV design. He returned to school in 1976 for a masters at M.I. T. The 1977–80 period was spent updating the Navy's destroyer-cruiser early-stage design procedures and performing studies for the CGN-42 reserve FFX and DDX (later DDG 51) projects. Also during this period he was team leader on concept formulation (CONFORM) studies of new ships such as a heavy combatant and a low detectability ship. From 1981 to early 1983 Mr. Sims was Design Integration Manager for the BB-62 and Ship Design Manager for the BB-61 and CA-134. He is presently principal naval architect for the FFX study and also works on the NA TO frigate effort. James F. Edwards Sr:.is the Technical Director Ship Analytics Inc. Washington D.C. Operations and was the Ship Design Manager for the battleship USSNew Jerseyprior to his departure from NAVSEA in August 1983. He joined the U.S. Navy Reserves in 1954 and served on active duty from 1957 to 1960. From 1961 to 1963 he worked for McLaughlin Research Corporation as a section head in the drafting department. From 1963 to 1966 he worked for the Vitro Corporation of America in the Terrier (surface missile systems) Department. In 1966 he participated in the contract design of the first shipboard integrated digital ASW Command and Control system while working for the Stanwick Corporation. In 1967 Mr. Edwards accepted a position at NAVSHIPS in the Combat System Integration Division. In 1974 he transferred to what is currently NAVSEA's Hull Design Division. In 1980 Mr. Edwards was designated as the Battleship and Heavy Cruiser General Arrangements Task Leader and subsequently served as the Hull Task Group Manager the Ship Configuration Control Manager and fina

In reactivating the battleship New Jersey , the Navy faced three major problems. The baseline data on the ship was not readily available or reliable, a new generation cruise missile armament was proposed, and the ship delivery schedule was very tight. After doing a feasibility study, system design engineers were taken onboard the mothballed ship to resolve the design problems. Being on the ship allowed an intensive effort and immediate reference to the actual ship configuration. The tools used to control this effort were a ship check plan, a ship check form and the master arrangement drawing. Simultaneously with the design effort, a repair scoping effort was conducted. The design evolution and solutions to the major problems are described. The results of the New Jersey effort are shown with sample documentation, the ship characteristics and the downstream design effort. The Iowa was the next ship to be modernized. The top level requirements were the same as New Jersey's but new problems were encountered. More options were investigated which diverted attention from the basic effort. A fundamental difference was the Iowa had not had a 1968 reactivation as the New Jersey had, so items that were repair and reactivation on the New Jersey in 1968 had to be part of the Iowa modernization. A major influence on the Iowa design process was that a complete set of specifications for a private yard bid had to be developed. The next effort was to install the same New Jersey modernization payload on a Des Moines class heavy cruiser. Heavy cruisers are large ships but significantly smaller than battleships and much closer to their naval architectural limits of weight and center of gravity. They have much less topside area than the battleships, and the new payload was very topside space consuming. The cruisers are also much more restricted in internal volume. Two feasibility studies were conducted. One resolved volume problems but approached the weight and center of gravity limits.

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SHIPBOARD DATA MULTIPLEX SYSTEM - NEW CONCEPT FOR WARSHIP ELECTRONIC SYSTEM INTEGRATION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1979年第4期91卷 51-61页

作者： WAPNER, M THE AUTHOR graduated from the City College of the City University of New York from which he received both his Bachelor and Masters degrees in Electrical Engineering. He joined the Naval Applied Science Laboratory in 1961 where he served as Project Engineer for Ships Inertial Navigation Systems (SINS) and related equipments. Since 1967 he has been employed by the Naval Sea Systems Command (formerly NAVSHIPS) Research and Technology Directorate. initially as Navigation and Interior Communications Program Manager and currently as Director Combat Support Systems R&D Office. In addition to being the Program Manager for the Shipboard Data Multiplex System. his responsibilities include supervising research and development in areas of surveillance. fire control command and control and related command support functions. He is active in a number of U.S. Navy and foreign government information exchange programs has authored several technical papers and is a member of the Institute of Navigation and the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers.

The Shipboard Data Multiplex System (SDMS) is a general purpose information transfer system directed toward fulfilling the internal data Intercommunication requirements of a variety of naval combatant ships and submarines in the 1980–1990 time frame. The need for a modern data transfer system of the size and capability of SDMS has been increase in unison with the sophistication of shipboard electronic equipment and the associated magnitude of equipment-to-equipment signal traffic. Instead of the miles of unique cabling that must be specifically designed for each ship, SDMS will meet information transfer needs with general-purpose multiplex cable that will be Installed according to a standard plan that does not vary with changes to the ship's electronics suite. Perhaps the greatest impact of SDMS will be the decoupling of ship subsystems from each other and from the ship. Standard multiplex interfaces will avoid the cost and delay of modifying subsystems to make them compatible. The ability to wire a new ship according to a standard multiplex cable plan, long before the ship subsystems are fully defined, frees both the ship and the subsystems to develop at their own pace, will allow compression of the development schedules and will provide ships with more advanced subsystems. This paper describes the SDMS system currently being developed by the U.S. Navy.

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