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Hydrolysis of Banana Tree Pseudostem and Second-Generation Ethanol Production by Saccharomyces Cerevisae

Journal of Environmental Science and engineering(A) 2013年第1期2卷 65-69页

作者： Luiz Carlos Goncaives Filho Gustavo Alexandre Achilles Fischer Noeli Sellin Cintia Marangoni Ozair Souza Masters Program in Process Engineering University of the Region of Joinville-Univille Joinville 89200-000 Brazil Department of Chemical Engineering University of the Region of Joinville-Univille Joinville 89200-000 Brazil

The alcoholic fermentation of substrates rich in free soluble sugars is well known and has been industrially developed. However, the production of second-generation ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass, which is abundantly available worldwide, remains under development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using the Musa cavendischii banana tree pseudostem as a substrate for alcoholic fermentation. Hydrolisis methods using dilute sulfuric acid （1% and 2% H2SO4; 15 and 30 min; 90 ℃, 100 ℃ and 120 ℃） and enzymes （pH 5.5; and 45 ℃ for 24 h reaction time） were evaluated both separately and in combination. The effect of chemical pre-treatment of the substrate using 1% and 3% m/m NaOH （120 ℃, 15 min） was verified for both methods. The highest yield coefficient of fermentable sugars from dry biomass （Yrs = 74%） was obtained using enzymatic hydrolysis and pre-treatment with 3% NaOH. Using acid hydrolysis, the maximum yield obtained was 22% （1% H2SO4, 120 ℃, 30 min）. Fermentation of the hydrolysates was satisfactory, and the maximum yield of ethanol formed per unit of substrate consumed, total productivity and efficiency values were 0.35 g, 0.90 g ethanol L^-1·h^-1 and 65.9%, respectively. This demonstrates the utility of banana tree pseudostems in second-generation ethanol production.

关键词： Bioethanol biofuel biomass saccharification agricultural waste

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Production and characterization of fuel briquettes from banana leaves waste

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Chemical engineering Transactions 2014年 37卷 439-444页

作者： De Oliveira Maia, Bianca G. Souza, Ozair Marangoni, Cintia Hotza, Dachamir De Oliveira, Antonio Pedro N. Sellin, Noeli Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering - PGMAT Federal University of Santa Catarina 88040 900 Florianópolis-SC Brazil Masters in Process Engineering University of Joinville Region - UNIVILLE 89219 710 Joinville-SC Brazil

The use of agricultural and agro-industrial waste as biomass fuel for power generation like briquettes can be an alternative solution to the problems related at their disposal. Briquettes produced from lignocellulosic waste, through a simple process and low cost are an excellent source of cheap energy and environmentally correct, in many cases, ideal for replacing fossil fuels in use today, with significant economic and environmental advantages. The banana cultivation generates a significant amount of waste, but little used, it would be important to add value to them. In this work banana semi-dried leaves were crushed to particles with sizes between 2 and 5 mm and its moisture content was determined. The briquettes were produced in a hydraulic press with compaction pressure of 18 MPa and two different compression times and were evaluated by proximate and ultimate chemical analysis, high heating value (HHV), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), linear shrinkage, mechanical compressive strength, bulk and energy density. Briquettes presented moisture content of 7.2 %, high contents of carbon (44.3 %) and volatile matter (75.3 %), low sulphur and nitrogen contents and HHV of 17.7 MJ/kg. These results are similar for other biomass used to produce briquettes. Under combustion in TGA and DTA analysis, the briquettes showed high loss mass and maximum energy release between 200 and 500 °C. The mechanical compressive strength for 1 second compression was 5.3 MPa and the briquettes density was 0.99 g/cm3. The thermal properties and physicochemical characteristics of the banana leaves briquettes demonstrate its potential for use as biomass fuel. Copyright © 2014,AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.

关键词： Compressive strength

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Effect of Operating Variables on the Pervaporation of Ethanol Produced by Lignocellulosic Residue

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Procedia engineering 2012年 42卷 512-520页

作者： R.H. Bello O. Souza N. Sellin S.H.W. Medeiros C. Marangoni Department of Chemical Engineering/Universidade da Região de Joinville (UNIVILLE) Rua Paulo Malschitzki 10 Zona Industrial. Joinville/SC CEP: 89219-710 Brazil Masters in Process Engineering/Universidade da Região de Joinville (UNIVILLE) Rua Paulo Malschitzki 10 Zona Industrial. Joinville/SC CEP: 89219-710 Brazil

The separation of organic components has become increasingly important as one of the applications of pervaporation membranes. This interest is due to their application in areas that include the recovery of ethanol from a fermentation broth as a lower-energy-cost alternative to classical separation processes such as distillation. The present work seeks to evaluate the separation of ethanol produced from banana waste (unused fruit and pulp) using pervaporation. Different operating conditions, such as flow rate, temperature, feed composition and permeate pressure were studied in commercial hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes. The experiments were compared to a standard solution (ethanol/water) to determine differences in the results due to the presence of fermentation by products. As expected, the best results for the recovery of ethanol were obtained at lower feed and the flux increases with increasing ethanol concentration in the feed, whereas the selectivity decreases. When the evaluated characteristics were compared with the fermentation broth, the following increases were observed: a 20% increase in the enrichment factor and a 75% increase in ethanol concentration in the permeate. The results are considered to be promising and indicate the feasibility of using pervaporation in the production of bioethanol from banana waste.

关键词： Banana waste Bioethanol Lignocellulosic residue Pervaporation

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Analysis of the Reflux Ratio on the Batch Distillation of Bioethanol Obtained from Lignocellulosic Residue

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Procedia engineering 2012年 42卷 131-139页

作者： T.C. Coelho O. Souza N. Sellin S.H.W. Medeiros C. Marangoni Department of Chemical Engineering/Universidade da Região de Joinville (UNIVILLE) Rua Paulo Malschitzki 10 Zona Industrial. Joinville/SC CEP: 89219-710 Brazil Masters in Process Engineering/Universidade da Região de Joinville (UNIVILLE) Rua Paulo Malschitzki 10 Zona Industrial. Joinville/SC CEP: 89219-710 Brazil

Aiming for sustainable and low-cost production, bioethanol production using lignocellulosic wastes, such as sugarcane bagasse and waste from banana crops, has been extensively explored. The recovery step is usually carried out during the distillation process and is challenging, particularly regarding energy issues. This study aimed to evaluate the bioethanol recovery from banana culture waste as a function of the reflux ratio in a process employing a batch distillation column. Tests were performed using a standard mixture of ethanol and water and using total reflux and ratios 0.5, 1 and 2. As expected, the best result was obtained with the highest reflux ratio, and it was under this condition that the broth obtained from the fermentation process was distilled. The maximum ethanol t in the distillate was 67% (wt%), which is less than the 93% composition that was obtained using the standard mixture; however, this is a promising result because inferior values are typically obtained in distilleries using a single column. Also, this value is close to others reported in literature for bioethanol distillation obtained with different residues and higher reflux ratio. Batch distillation is appropriate and feasible for implementation in the production of bioethanol from banana waste in small production units intended for the production of biofuels, beverages or commercial alcohol.

关键词： Banana waste bioethanol distillation lignocellulosic residue reflux ratio

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Recapitalizing the Navy through optimized manning and improved reliability

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1998年第6期110卷 61-72页

作者： Anderson, DE Malone, TB Baker, CC Mr. David E. Anderson:is a Navel Engineer with the Naval Sea Systems Command where he is currently assigmd to the HumanSystems Integration branch. Mr Anderson has a Bachelor of Science degree an Environmental Engineering from Flurida Technological University and a Master's in Environmental Engiwering from the University of Central Flurida. He currentEy is an HSI manager for a number oflvay R&D and skig acquisition efforts. Dr. Thomas B. Malone:received a Ph.D. in Experimental Psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is President of Carlow International Incorporated an organization dedicated to human factors research and development with emphasis an mantime systems. He has directed over 350 programs and projects in his 33 year career and is responsible for overall management of all contract programs within the Corporation. He is a Past President of the Human Factors and E r g m i c s Society (HFES) of which he is a Fellow. He is also a Fellow of the Washington Academy of Sciences He was selected as a member of the N A S Space Sciences Technical Advisuiy Committee on Technoloo Requirements for Human Performance on Long Duration Space Missions in 2989 and 90. He was elected as the First Chair of the Systems Development Technical Group of the HFES. Dr Malone is currently managing eflorts to devehp and auto- mate standardized processes for canducting human systems integration (HSI) in the military weapon systems acquisition process and fov developing automated tools to facilitate fledormance of specific steps in the HSI process. Dr Malone also is currently occupied in applying human engineering to the DD 21 and is serving as the Chair ofthe System ManninglHuman Perfomzance Working IPT under the DD 21 ManninglHSI IPT chaired ty PMS 500M. Mr. Clifford Baker:has over 20 years experience in developing and applying human factors technology to complex systems. He holds a masters degree in psychology with a specialization in human factors engineering and he is a Board Certified Human Factors Engineering Profesional

Reduced manning is the process (and the result) of removing human functions from a system while retaining or improving system operability and effectiveness. Reliability and maintainability characterize a system's operability and effectiveness. Reduced manning impacts system reliability by changing the characteristics of (1) human error associated with system operation and maintenance, (2) time to repair failed components, and (3) mean-time-between-failures (MBTF) in a reduced manning environment. Simply reducing manning without compensating for system dependence on human involvement generally has a negative impact on system maintainability. Methods to address this include (1) human-system integration design of maintenance interfaces and (2) design of operations activities that are closely related to device failures. After demonstrating reliable performance through testing and operation, ship commanders can be assured that fewer people can effectively operate and maintain Navy ships and systems.

关键词： Naval vessels

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