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Sensing property of Ga2O3-based extended-gate field-effect transistors for a living cell viability sensor

Sensors and Actuators A: physical 2023年 349卷

作者： Chou, Hsin-Yu Chiang, Jung-Lung Yu, Chang-Tze Ricky Chen, Jo-Mei Maureen Wuu, dong-Sing Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung40227 Taiwan Ph.D. Program Prospective Technology of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung411030 Taiwan Department of Applied Chemistry National Chi-Nan University Nantou54561 Taiwan Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering National Chi Nan University Nantou54561 Taiwan

In this study, gallium oxide (Ga2O3) nanorods were deposited onto an indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate to develop a real-time living cell viability sensor. Ga2O3 nanorods had characteristics of cell population sensing based on cellular metabolism to detect cell viability. The ph sensing characteristics of Ga2O3-based extended-gate field-effect transistors (EGFETs) with and without the annealing process were measured from ph 1–11. Three different sensor heads, ITO/glass, GaOOH/ITO/glass, and Ga2O3/ITO/glass, were produced as EGFETs and immersed into a ph standard buffer and high-glucose dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (dMEM) to investigate hydrogen ion sensing. Results showed that the Ga2O3/ITO/glass probe had the best hydrogen ion sensing sensitivity and stability in different sample buffers. In contrast, GaOOH/ITO/glass had instability and lower sensitivity due to interference with other components in the medium. The drift characteristic of sensors was analyzed to detect long-term stability. The Ga2O3/ITO/glass probe showed lower drift properties, which can potentially monitor the dMEM situation in real-time for a long-term period. during in vitro detection, the Ga2O3/ITO/glass probe revealed a 70 μA/cells change in IdS-VdS analysis and a 10 μV/cells change in IdS-VGS analysis, which was superior linearly dependent within 10,000 cells. The biocompatibility of the Ga2O3/ITO/glass probe was also detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)− 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and showed no cytotoxicity. Overall, the Ga2O3/ITO/glass EGFET sensor has potential applications as a living cell viability device in microenvironmental studies in the future. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Nanorods

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Psychological Stress Classification Using Extreme Gradient Boosting Algorithm

Psychological Stress Classification Using Extreme Gradient B...

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International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC)

作者： Maria Mahardini Sakanti Viacheslav Siniaev Aurelia Amaris Win-Jet Luo Suhartono C. Bambang dwi Kuncoro Graduate Institute of Precision Manufacturing National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung Taichung Taiwan Institute of Applied Computer Science ITMO University St. Petersburg Russian Federation Department of Informatics Engineering Faculty of Computer Science Universitas Brawijaya Malang Indonesia Ph.D. Program Prospective Technology of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung Taichung Taiwan Department of Refrigeration Air Conditioning and Energy Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9798350364637

ISBN: (纸本)9798350364644

Stress, as a reaction to threatening situations, can raise heart rate and result in serious conditions that might cause significant damage or even be life-threatening. Traditional methods for evaluating stress, which rely on subjective self-reporting and clinical assessments, often suffer from biases and inconsistencies. Artificial intelligence models have been explored to predict stress levels more accurately. This paper investigates the application of Extreme Gradient Boosting in classifying psychological stress using the WESAd dataset, which includes parameters such as acceleration, electrocardiogram, electromyography, electrodermal activity, temperature, and respiration. The dataset was balanced and sampled to create a manageable subset for experimental. Extreme Gradient Boosting was chosen for its efficiency and scalability in handling complex datasets. The model was trained and validated, achieving a 95% accuracy in predicting stress levels. This study highlights the potential of integrating Extreme Gradient Boosting models into wearable devices for real-time stress monitoring. Future work involves optimizing the model to utilize fewer sensors without decreasing accuracy, ensuring it can be integrated into portable/wearable systems using tiny microcontrollers.

关键词： Accuracy Microcontrollers Psychology Human factors Predictive models Boosting Prediction algorithms Real-time systems Sensors Wearable devices

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Understanding AdC variation by fat content effect using a dual-function MRI phantom

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European Radiology Experimental 2024年第1期8卷 19页

作者： Liu, Yi-Jui Tsai, Tung-Sheng Li, Ya-Hui Peng, Jo-Hua Chang, Hing-Chiu Peng, Hsu-Hsia Lee, Ying-Chieh Lee, Tung-Yang Liou, Chang-Hsien Lin, Tz-Feng Chew, Fatt-Yang Chou, Ruey-Hwang Juan, Chun-Jung Department of Automatic Control Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Electrical and Communication Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital 199 Sec. 1 Xinglong Rd. Hsinchu County Zhubei City 302 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Master’s Program of Biomedical Informatics and Biomedical Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Cheng Ching Hospital Taichung Taiwan Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Fiber and Composite Materials Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Radiology School of Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences China Medical University Taichung 406 Taiwan Center for Molecular Medicine China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology Asia University Taichung Taiwan

Background: A dual-function phantom designed to quantify the apparent diffusion coefficient (AdC) in different fat contents (FCs) and glass bead densities (GBds) to simulate the human tissues has not been documented yet. We propose a dual-function phantom to quantify the FC and to measure the AdC at different FCs and different GBds. Methods: A fat-containing diffusion phantom comprised by 30 glass-bead-containing fat-water emulsions consisting of six different FCs (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%) multiplied by five different GBds (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g/50 mL). The FC and AdC were measured by the “iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least squares estimation-IQ,” IdEAL-IQ, and single-shot echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging, SS-EP-dWI, sequences, respectively. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship among the fat fraction (FF) measured by IdEAL-IQ, GBd, and AdC. Results: The AdC was significantly, negatively, and linearly associated with the FF (the linear slope ranged from -0.005 to -0.017, R² = 0.925 to 0.986, all p < 0.001). The slope of the linear relationship between the AdC and the FF, however, varied among different GBds (the higher the GBd, the lower the slope). AdCs among emulsions across different GBds and FFs were overlapped. Emulsions with low GBds plus high FFs shared a same lower AdC range with those with median or high GBds plus median or lower FFs. Conclusions: A novel dual-function phantom simulating the human tissues allowed to quantify the influence of FC and GBd on AdC. Relevance statement: The study developed an innovative dual-function MRI phantom to explore the impact of FC on AdC variation that can affect clinical results. The results revealed the superimposed effect on FF and GBd density on AdC measurements. Key points: • A dual-function phantom made of glass bead density (GBd) and fat fraction (FF) emulsion has been developed. • Apparent diffusion coefficient (AdC) values

关键词： Adipose tissue diffusion magnetic resonance imaging phantoms (imaging) Quality assurance (healthcare) Quality control

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diagnosis of Legionnaires’ disease Assisted by Next-Generation Sequencing in a Patient with COVId-19

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Infection and drug Resistance 2023年 16卷 355-362页

作者： Huang, Po-Hsiu Huang, Yao-Ting Lee, Po-Hsin Tseng, Chien-Hao Liu, Po-Yu Liu, Chia-Wei Department of Internal Medicine Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Chung Cheng University Chia-Yi Taiwan Division of Chest Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan College of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan

Coinfection in COVId-19 patients is associated with worsening outcome. Among patients with COVId-19, Legionella pneumophila, a common cause of pneumonia, has been reported as a co-occurring respiratory infection. A nonspecific clinical presentation, however, makes an early diagnosis difficult. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected from a patient suffering from COVId-19 and presenting with pneumonia and sent for metagenomic analysis. differential abundance analysis was carried out by comparing each taxon reads per million between the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid sample and the negative control. Two replicates of metagenomic sequencing were conducted on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples. Within each replicated sequencing, one negative control was sequenced for comparison of taxon abundance in the BALF sample. In both replicates, Legionella pneumophila was the only taxon with significantly higher abundance when compared with the negative control. PCR of the bronchoalveolar further confirmed the presence of L. pneumophila. Several studies have estimated that the incidence of Legionnaires’ disease co-infection in patients with COVId-19 infection is approximately 0% to 1.5%. There are some common characteristics of COVId-19 and co-infection with Legionnaires’ disease, making it difficult to diagnose bacterial infection early. The diagnosis of these cases is important due to the different treatments used. Current diagnostic tests for Legionnaires’ disease include conventional culture, urinary antigen for L. pneumophila serogroup 1, polymerase chain reaction, direct fluorescent antibody stain, and paired serology. The current study demonstrated that metagenomics is a promising approach that facilitated the diagnosis of Legionnaires’ disease. © 2023 Huang et al.

关键词： co-infection COVId-19 Legionnaires’ disease next-generation sequencing

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Generating Lymphoma Variability Through Adversarial Generation Models: A Limited Resource Approach for Synthetic Histopathology Image Generation and Classification

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Tiwari, Ashutosh Saudarshan, Harsh Krisnawati, dyah Ika Khafid, Muhamad Wardani, Erika Martining Mutalik, Chinmaya Chen, Chi-Long Kuo, Tsung-Rong International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya Chhattisgarh Bilaspur495509 India Department of Nursing Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya East Java Surabaya60237 Indonesia Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Pathology School of Medicine College of Medicine and Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan International Master/Ph.D. Program in Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Precision Medicine and Translational Cancer Research Center Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei11031 Taiwan Tulane University United States Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Taiwan

Lymphomas, a diverse group of blood cancers originating from the lymphatic system, present significant challenges for diagnosis and treatment due to their morphological and genetic differences. These variability obscures the development of personalized therapies and impacts disease outcomes. The scarcity of high-quality, diverse images of lymphoma cells is further hindered by patient privacy concerns, the rarity of certain types, and logistical challenges of collecting and processing biomedical images. Additionally, the costs and technical difficulties of microscopic imaging limit the scope of research. This paper addresses these challenges by utilizing generative adversarial networks (GANs) to generate synthetic yet realistic images of lymphoma histopathology and classify them in a low resource setting. Focusing specifically on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), follicular lymphoma (FL), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), we employed GANs to enhance the understanding of lymphoma variability and support advancements in digital cancer biology and pathology. This dual approach of image generation and classification aims to improve disease diagnosis and prognosis, ultimately contributing to better patient outcomes. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lung cancer

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An Improvement of A Robust Authentication Protocol for Multi-server Architecture Using Elliptic Curve Cryptography

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International Journal of Network Security 2024年第4期26卷 713-718页

作者： Hwang, Min-Shiang Li, Hou-Wen Yang, Cheng-Ying Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering Asia University Taiwan Fintech and Blockchain Research Center Asia University Taiwan The Ph.D. Program in Artificial Intelligence Asia University Taiwan 500 Lioufeng Rd. Wufeng Taichung Taichung41354 Taiwan Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital China Medical University Taichung40402 Taiwan Department of Computer Science University of Taipei Taipei Taiwan

The user authentication scheme of the multi-server architecture is mainly that the user only needs to register once to access many distributed servers. This architecture solves the problem of repeated multiple registrations in many servers and can provide a scalable solution. Recently, Zhang et al. proposed a secure, robust remote user authentication scheme for multi-servers using elliptic curve cryptography. However, their proposed scheme can solve many severe flaws and authenticate messages while keeping users anonymous. However, we will show that their scheme couldn’t withstand online password-guessing with a user’s smart card attack and a denial of service attack. This article proposes improving user authentication protocol against these vulnerabilities in Zhang et al.’s protocol. © (2024) All rights reserved.

关键词： Smart cards

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Response surface optimization and sensitive analysis on biomagnetic blood Carreau nanofluid flow in stenotic artery with motile gyrotactic microorganisms

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SN Applied sciences 2023年第12期5卷 355页

作者： Tang, Tao-Qian Shah, Zahir Thumma, Thirupathi Rooman, Muhammad Vrinceanu, Narcisa Alshehri, Mansoor H. Department of Internal Medicine E-Da Hospital I-Shou University Kaohsiung82445 Taiwan School of Medicine College of Medicine I-Shou University Kaohsiung82445 Taiwan International Intercollegiate Ph.D. Program National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Family and Community Medicine E-Da Hospital I-Shou University Kaohsiung82445 Taiwan Department of Engineering and System Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Lakki Marwat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Lakki Marwat28420 Pakistan Department of Mathematics B V Raju Institute of Technology Telangana State Narsapur Medak502313 India Faculty of Engineering Department of Industrial Machines and Equipments "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu 10 Victoriei Boulevard Sibiu Romania Department of Mathematics College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia

Abstract: In this study, we investigate blood flow in a small artery with a constriction using gold nanoparticles (Au) in the presence of microorganisms, mass, and heat transfer. The non-Newtonian behavior of blood fluid in slight arteries is quantitatively inspected by simulating blood flow using the Carreau fluid model. Momentum equations incorporating magnetohydrodynamics (MHd) and darcy–Forchheimer porous media are used to model the fluid flow. Heat transfer properties, including thermal radiation, joule dissipation, and bio-convective microorganisms, are investigated. Blood serves as the base fluid for the nanofluid, which contains gold nanoparticles. The system's nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear OdEs through suitable transformations. To obtain numerical solutions for these OdEs, the homotopy analysis method is used. The physical implications of flow restrictions are compared with fictitious fluid flow using physical interpretations. Additionally, investigations into the interpretations of blood flow based on drag force and heat transfer are being conducted. ANOVA, or analysis of variance, is a dependable statistical tool used to evaluate regression models and a variety of statistical tests. These investigations include error assessments, total error evaluations, F-values, p-values, and model fit assessments. These statistical investigations were applied to the dataset at hand, with the goal of achieving a robust 95% level of confidence. We investigate the effects of minute adjustments in parameters on both the heat transfer rate and the friction factor rate using these analyses. The study intends to dive deeper into the potential effects of minor changes in one or more factors on the overall effectiveness of surface friction rate and the larger domain of thermal energy transfer. This will be performed by employing sensitivity analysis approaches. This strategy allows us to obtain a better understanding of how minor change

关键词： Nonlinear equations

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Smart Residential Parking

Smart Residential Parking

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International Conference on Informatics and Computational sciences (ICICoS)

作者： Suhartono Jung-Lung Chiang Maria Mahardini Sakanti C. Bambang dwi Kuncoro Ph.D. Program Prospective Technology of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung Taiwan R.O.C Graduate Institute of Precision Manufacturing National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung Taiwan R.O.C Department of Refrigeration Air Conditioning and Energy Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung Taiwan R.O.C

ISBN: (数字)9798350375886

ISBN: (纸本)9798350375893

This research aims to create a smart residential system that will improve parking management in residential areas using mini-server technology. Another aim is to provide a safe and effective smart parking solution for residential areas with limited capacity. This research method uses mini-server technology and control to create smart system ideas. Apart from that, this research also uses servo motor technology, proximity sensors, cameras, and IoT applications for smart parking management. The result is the creation of intelligent residential parking management, which uses a Raspberry Pi 5 Model B as a server and control to improve the parking management system in residential areas, and the use of number plate recognition technology to be applied to Smart City. This further research offers a new perspective on creating intelligent parking solutions using two input validation parameters simultaneously, namely facial and license plate recognition

关键词： Smart cities Automated parking Servers Security Internet of Things Usability Servomotors

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divergent effect of landscape patterns on stream water chemistry and seasonal variations across mountainous watersheds in a Northwest Pacific island

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Ecological Indicators 2024年 158卷

作者： Chang, Chung-Te Lee, Li-Chin Song, Cheng-En Chiang, Jyh-Min Liao, Chien-Sen Liou, Ying-San Wang, Su-Fen Huang, Jr-Chuan – Ph.D. Program on Biodiversity Tunghai University Taichung407224 Taiwan Department of Life Science Tunghai University Taichung40799 Taiwan Department of Geography National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Geography National Changhua University of Education Changhua50074 Taiwan Department of Civil and Ecological Engineering I-Shou University Kaohsiung84001 Taiwan Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies National Dong-Hwa University Hualien97401 Taiwan

The impacts of landscape pattern on water quality of streams are intricate and influenced by spatiotemporal scales. Untangling the interactions between landscapes and water, and identifying the pivotal indicators that drive spatial and temporal changes in nutrient dynamics, are essential steps towards facilitating sustainable water resource management. This study explored the relationship between landscape patterns and annual and seasonal (wet and dry seasons) exports of major cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) and anions (Cl-, SO42-, NO3-N, and PO4-P) in 43 watersheds across subtropical mountainous regions of Taiwan during the 2015–2016 period. Multiple stepwise regression models were constructed to elucidate the crucial landscape variables influencing variations in stream ion exports across different time scales, and spatial extent, ranging from watershed to various riparian buffer widths (100, 200, 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 m). The findings indicated that the buffer width of 200 m emerged as the optimal scale for illustrating the connections between landscape patterns and water chemistry, outperforming larger scales. Nevertheless, there were minor deviations in the optimal scale for Na+ and Cl- (ranging from 100 to 500 m). Landscape-level configuration metrics (Pd [patch density], CONTAG [Contagion], and IJI [Interspersion and Juxtaposition]) played a significant role in explaining the majority of data variations in cations. This suggest that overall landscape fragmentation tends to enhance cations exports, regardless of land cover types. On the contrary, class-level configuration metrics (EdBUd [edge density of buildup], PdBAR [patch density of bareland], and IJIAGR [Interspersion and Juxtaposition of agriculture]) played a primary role in interpreting data variations of anions. This indicated that the configurations of specific land cover types, such as buildup, agriculture and bareland, are the primary factors influencing anion exports. Furthermore, the regress

关键词： Negative ions

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Characterization of VOCs during diesel oil composting process

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Bioresource Technology Reports 2023年 22卷

作者： Lin, Tachen Kuo, Shulung Hussain, Adnan Chen, Zhigui Huang, Manlin Lin, Chitsan School of Food and Chemical Engineering Liuzhou Institute of Technology Guangxi Liuzhou545000 China Kelee Environmental Consultants Corporation Kaohsiung City806040 Taiwan Ph.D. Program of Aquatic Science and Technology National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung811213 Taiwan Continental Water Engineering Corporation Taipei City103018 Taiwan School of Food Science and Engineering Beibu Gulf University Guangxi Qinzhou535011 China Department of Marine Environmental Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung City811213 Taiwan

By composting kitchen waste, deisel-contaminated soil was treated and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions were assessed. Composting kitchen waste reduces contamination volume due to gas emissions. An aerobic treatment period of 12 days was conducted for the measurements of VOC emissions from different phases, such as gaseous, solid, and leachate, were conducted throughout the experiment. The results show that VOC concentrations were high during the mesophilic phase and reduced with increasing temperature during the composting period. It has been observed that at least 314 VOCs have been detected during the mesophilic, thermophilic, and cooling phases. Compost odor was mainly caused by NH3, methanethiol, carbon disulfide, dimethyl sulfide, and dimethyl disulfide, and most of these compounds appeared in thermophilic phase. Furthurmore, emissions of VOCs from composting kitchen waste reduces total diesel concentration in the soil to achieve a green and clean environment. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Gas emissions

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