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Texture development and surface reconstruction of BiVO_(4)photoanode via one-pot hydrothermal reaction for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2025年第3期14卷 133-141页

作者： Sung Won Hwang Yoo Jae Jeong Runfa Tan Indhujasri Saravanan Hyun Soo Han Dong Hoe Kim In Sun Cho Department of Energy Systems Research Ajou UniversitySuwon 16499Republic of Korea Department of Material Science&Engineering Ajou UniversitySuwon 16499Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford UniversityStanford 94305USA Department of Material Science&Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado BoulderBoulder 80303USA

The simultaneous optimization of the bulk and surface characteristics of photoelectrodes is essential to maximize their photoelectrochemical(PEC)*** report a novel one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of textured and surface-reconstructed BiVO_(4)photoanodes(ts-BVO),achieving significant improvements in PEC water *** controlling precursor molarity and ethylene glycol(EG)addition,we developed a stepwise dual reaction(SDR)mechanism,which enables simultaneous bulk texture development and surface *** optimized CoBi/ts-BVO photoanode exhibited a photocurrent density of 4.3 mA∙cm^(−2)at 1.23 V *** hydrogen electrode(RHE)with a high Faradaic efficiency of 98%under one sun *** with nontextured BiVO_(4),the charge transport efficiency increased from 8%to 70%,whereas the surface charge transfer efficiency improved from 9%to 85%.These results underscore the critical role of both bulk and surface engineering in enhancing PEC *** findings offer a streamlined approach for improving the intrinsic properties of photoanodes in solar water splitting.

关键词： BiVO_(4) hydrothermal texture surface reconstruction ethylene glycol(EG) photoelectrochemical water splitting

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Characterization of Shale Mechanical Properties via Nanoindentation Scratch Test

Characterization of Shale Mechanical Properties via Nanoinde...

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Geotechnical Frontiers 2025: Soil Characterization and Improvement

作者： Rahmani, Fereshteh Espinoza, Wilson F. Material Science Engineering and Commercialization Program Texas State Univ. San MarcosTX United States Material Science Engineering and Commercialization Program Dept. of Engineering Technology Texas State Univ. San MarcosTX United States

ISBN: (数字)9780784486016

Shale, a complex sedimentary rock, exhibits heterogeneous mechanical behavior influenced by its mineral composition and microstructure. Nanoindentation scratch tests offer a promising method to probe the local mechanical properties and understand shale’s response to applied stress at the nanoscale. In this study, shale samples were prepared and subjected to nanoindentation scratch tests, with a systematic approach adopted to analyze critical load, scratch depth, and coefficient of friction (COF) in both parallel and perpendicular orientations to their bedding planes. The results highlight the impact of shale’s anisotropic nature on its mechanical properties. The parallel direction showed 50.18% and 13.37% greater critical loads than the perpendicular direction under scratching forces of 150 and 300 µN. Similarly, a scratch depth analysis reveals a 60.90% reduction of scratch penetration in the parallel direction, attributed to cohesive forces and grain alignment. The coefficient of friction, which fluctuates with lateral displacement, reflects the heterogeneity of shale’s mineral composition and the varying interaction between the indenter and different shale minerals. The obtained average adhesion work in the parallel orientation showed 34.95% more surface energy compared to the perpendicular orientation in the tested shales. These findings demonstrate that microstructural features directly influence fracture propagation and mechanical behavior. The insights gained from this study can be utilized to optimize hydraulic fracturing and drilling operations, and to ensure improved resource extraction efficiency and structural stability. This research evaluates factors that affect the nanostructure and the mechanical properties of shale obtained through indentation techniques. © ASCE.

关键词： Nanoindentation

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Observation of the spatial Goos–Hänchen shift due to low-loss dielectrics

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Optics Letters 2025年第11期50卷 3533-3536页

作者： Operaña, Jared Joshua Simon, Niña Zambale Hermosa, Nathaniel Material Science and Engineering Program University of the Philippines-Diliman Diliman Quezon City1101 Philippines National Institute of Physics University of the Philippines-Diliman Diliman Quezon City1101 Philippines

In this paper, we present the first, to the best of our knowledge, measurement of spatial Goos–Hänchen (GH) shifts for low-loss dielectrics (φ0 = Εi/|Εr| 1). The observed resonant shifts are up to 100λ. Because of this sharp resonance, measuring the shift is challenging. We argue that it might be possible to use these simple materials for the many proposed applications of the GH shift. Moreover, we show that by using the GH shifts, we can discriminate materials with almost similar values of the real permittivity (Εr) but of different imaginary values (Εi), in our case, the bulk gallium arsenide (GaAs) versus silicon (Si). This allows us to put forth a method to measure the complex permittivity of low-loss dielectrics through the GH shifts. Using this method, the measured permittivity values for Si and GaAs differ from standard values by as little as 0.2% for the real Ε component and 7% for the imaginary Ε component. Further precise and accurate measurement of GH shift will result in an alternative method to measure the permittivity of materials with almost similar real permittivities. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group. All rights are reserved.

关键词： Permittivity measurement

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Investigation of He retention in W through combined He characterization methods and cluster dynamics model

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Nuclear science and Techniques 2025年第3期36卷 201-213页

作者： Jie Qiu Xun-Xiang Hu Cong-Yi Li Wendy Garcia Tan Shi Sha Xue Jamie L.Weaver HHeather Chen-Mayer Brian D.Wirth SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Nuclear Engineering University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA School of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN 37830USA Global Institute of Future Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Nuclear Engineering Program The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Material Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD 20899USA

Tungsten(W)is the leading plasma-facing candidate material for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor and next-generation fusion *** impact of synergistic helium(He),irradiation-induced microstructural changes,and the corresponding thermal-mechanical property degradation of W are critically important but are not well understood *** the performance of W in fusion environments requires understanding the fundamentals of He-defect interactions and the resultant He bubble nucleation and growth in *** this study,He retention in helium-ion-implanted W was assessed using neutron depth profiling(NDP),laser ablation mass spectrometry(LAMS),and thermal desorption spectroscopy(TDS)following 10 keV room-temperature He implantation at various *** three experimental techniques enabled the determination of the He depth profile and retention in He-implanted W.A cluster dynamics model based on the diffusion-reaction rate theory was applied to interpret the experimental *** model successfully predicted the He spatial depth-dependent profile in He-implanted W,which was in good agreement with the LAMS *** model also successfully captured the major features of the He desorption spectra observed in the THDS *** NDP quantified total He concentration values for the samples;they were similar to those estimated by ***,the depth profiles from NDP and LAMS were not comparable due to several *** combination of modeling and experimentation enabled the identification of possible trapping sites for He in W and the evolution of He-defect clusters during the TDS thermal annealing process.

关键词： Tokamak Nuclear reactor Nondestructive detection

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Light extraction improvement via ITO p-electrodes for InGaN red micro-LEDs emitting at 640 nm

Optics Continuum

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Optics Continuum 2025年第5期4卷 1040-1050页

作者： Cesur Altinkaya Mohammed A Najmi Daisuke Iida Kazuhiro Ohkawa Material Science and Engineering Program Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia cesur.altinkaya@kaust.edu.sa Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia daisuke.iida@kaust.edu.sa kazuhiro.ohkawa@kaust.edu.sa

We present light extraction efficiency (LEE) improvement for InGaN red micro-light emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) of various sizes operating at low current densities. We compared the characteristics of micro-LEDs with indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent p-electrodes with conventional opaque metal p-electrodes. 50 µm × 50 µm micro-LEDs with ITO p-electrodes achieved a peak on-wafer external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 2.54% with an emission wavelength of 640 nm at a current density as low as 0.4 A/cm 2 . This represents a 1.18-fold improvement in peak EQE compared to devices with metal p-electrodes. Light ray tracing simulation confirmed that the ITO p-electrodes exhibit 1.18 times higher light escape than metal-based micro-LEDs, validating the role of enhanced light extraction. These findings provide valuable insights for advancing high-definition display and VR applications.

关键词： Atomic layer deposition Indium tin oxide Light extraction Opacity Quantum efficiency Ray tracing

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In-situ real-time monitoring of GeSn growth using UHV-CVD to achieve high-quality material with lasing at 2250 nm and 100 K [Invited]

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Optical materials Express 2025年第6期15卷 1371-1381页

作者： Joshua Grant Sudip Acharya Alexer Golden Enbo Yang Hryhorii Stanchu Guo-En Chang Greg Sun Wei Du Shui-Qing Yu Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 USA Material Science and Engineering Program University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 USA Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chung Cheng University Chiayi 62102 Taiwan Department of Engineering University of Massachusetts Boston MA 02125 USA

GeSn alloys hold great promise for the development of Si photonics due to its direct bandgap with sufficient high Sn composition, tunable bandgap energies covering broad infrared wavelength range, and compatibility with the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. For the past decades, tremendous efforts have been made to develop material growth recipes to obtain device-level material quality using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactors. A common issue in material growth is the formation of Sn droplets (i.e., Sn segregation) that seriously degrades the material quality. However, although industrial CVD has delivered high-quality materials for device demonstration, the dynamic process of material growth remains unavailable, and only ex-situ material characterizations could provide feedback. In this work, a specially designed ultra-high-vacuum CVD (UHV-CVD) was used to study the growth dynamic by employing an in-situ optical system, which enables us to monitor the formation of Sn droplets in real-time. The Sn segregation occurring at the cooling stage after growth completion rather than during material growth was discovered, indicating that a post-growth treatment is needed to minimize the Sn droplet formation. By extending the GeSn growth time and controlling the cooling cycle, the number of Sn droplets dramatically reduced, leading to a high-quality strain-relaxed GeSn layer with 10.2% Sn composition and over 730 nm thickness. material quality is comparable with those grown using commercial RPCVD in the early stage, which was further confirmed by the demonstration of an optically pumped laser. A threshold of ∼600 kW/cm 2 at 77 K and a maximum operating temperature of 100 K were obtained, with the lasing peak at ∼2250 nm.

关键词： Avalanche photodiodes Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Laser sources materials processing Physical vapor deposition Thin films

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Synergetic effects of multiple junction and surface hydroxyl in Cu/CuO/Cu2O/TiO2 heterostructures towards highly efficient photocatalysts for hydrogen generation

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materials science for Energy Technologies 2025年 8卷 131-142页

作者： Subagyo, Riki Anindika, Garcelina Rizky Aufkani, Afif Akmal Zhang, Lei Ardhyananta, Hosta Burhan, R.Y. Perry Nugraheni, Zjahra Vianita Akhlus, Syafsir Bahruji, Hasliza Prasetyoko, Didik Wellia, Diana Vanda Ivansyah, Atthar Luqman Arramel Kusumawati, Yuly Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Analytic Data Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya60111 Indonesia Center of Excellence Applied Physics and Chemistry Nano Center Indonesia Jl PUSPIPTEK South Tangerang Banten15314 Indonesia Department of Physics National University of Singapore Singapore117551 Singapore Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya60111 Indonesia Centre of Advanced Material and Energy Science Universiti Brunei Darussalam Jalan Tungku Link BE 1410 Brunei Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Andalas Padang25163 Indonesia Master Program in Computational Science Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha No. 10 Bandung40132 Indonesia Instrumentation and Computational Physics Research Group Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha No.10 West Java Bandung40132 Indonesia

The implementation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a photocatalyst material in hydrogen (H2) evolution reaction (HER) has embarked renewed interest in the past decade. Rapid electron-hole pairs recombination and wide band gap of a photo-sensitive material of TiO2 are detrimental toward the targeted catalytical reaction. In this study, we present the rational design, fabrication, photocatalytic performance of TiO2-Cu/CuO/Cu2O heterostructures (CuTi) using viable chemical reduction method. The Z-scheme and S-scheme are succesfully generated across the TiO2/CuO/Cu2O interfaces, while the Schottky junction arises on the Cu perimeters. This is evidenced from the blue shifted about 0.3 eV of Cu 2p core level determined by using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), in combination with the formation of inverse V-shape of the Mott-Schottky plots. In addition, we find that Cu/CuO/Cu2O facilitates photon absorption range up to the visible region. The multiple heterojunction and the large number of OHsurface enhanced charge carrier transfer are associated to the suppression of photoluminescence (PL) intensity, high surface hydroxyl (OHsurface) density in CuTi probed by XPS, and fast electron transfer based on the electrochemical measurements. The presence of OHsurface inhibits the recombination of electron. A significant H2 photogeneration rate enhancement is achieved when an optimized 5 wt% Cu/CuO/Cu2O concentration is used on TiO2 to achieve 7,157.19 μmol·g−1 (1,789.30 μmol·g−1·h−1). Based on this finding, zero emission energy innitiative could be materialized under multiple heterojunctions in photocatalytic process is beneficial for enhancing the H2 production. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Porous silicon on paper sensors: Factors affecting biosensing performance 17

Porous silicon on paper sensors: Factors affecting biosensin...

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Frontiers in Biological Detection: From Nanosensors to Systems XVII 2025

作者： An, Huijin Laibinis, Paul E. Locke, Andrea K. Weiss, Sharon M. Interdisciplinary Material Science Program Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510684249

A paper-based biosensor integrating a functionalized porous silicon (PSi) membrane as the active sensing element for quantifiable protein detection has been developed. For similar short-time exposures to an analyte, improved molecular transport in PSi membranes when on paper leads to larger signal changes compared to traditional PSi films that remain on a silicon substrate. In this work, we discuss controlling the incubation time of the analyte and the overall testing time of the sensor by incorporating different combinations of wicking and absorbent paper beneath the PSi membrane. With this control, the PSi-on-paper sensor platform has the potential to serve as an effective low-cost rapid diagnostic test with highly sensitive, quantitative readout for a wide range of analytes. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Porous silicon

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Multi-interface modification induced crack deflection behavior and enhanced fracture resistance in thermal barrier coatings

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Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2025年 1031卷

作者： Li, Qicheng Cui, Xiufang Jing, Yongzhi Xu, Wei Wang, Yi Chen, Zhuo Zhang, Zhijia Fang, Yongchao Shang, Tong Jin, Guo Institute of Surface/Interface Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin150001 China Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research Xi an710016 China The Military Industry Program Evaluation Center of Costind of SASTIND Beijing100048 China No.703 Research Institute China State Shipbuilding Co. Ltd Harbin150078 China Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Corrosion and Protection for Aviation Material Beijing Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials Beijing100095 China

Conventional thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) composed of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) ceramic top layers and MCrAlY (M = Ni, Co, or their combination) alloy bond coats are prone to brittle fracture and interfacial delamination under extreme thermo-mechanical-chemical coupled *** study develops a composite-toughened thermal barrier coating (TBC) system integrating three innovations: laser-modified SiC whisker-reinforced YSZ-WL ceramic layers, a novel NiCoCrFeAl0.8Si0.1(NbMoTaW)0.1 high-entropy alloy bond coat, and hoop-patterned laser-textured interfaces. Compared to conventional TBC1 (NiCoCrAlY/YSZ), the optimized TBC3 demonstrates 64.3 % higher interfacial strength, survives 150 thermal shock cycles at 1100°C (20 % spallation area), and shows 61.43 % lower erosion mass loss post-thermal cycling. The YSZ-WL layer reduces cyclic molten salt corrosion mass loss by 22.58 % versus *** advancements highlight the synergistic effects of whisker toughening (crack deflection/bridging), high-entropy alloy bond coats (suppressed TGO growth), and hoop-textured interfaces (guided crack propagation), establishing a groundbreaking strategy for extreme-environment TBC applications. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Brittle fracture

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Correction: materials laboratories of the future for alloys, amorphous, and composite materials (MRS Bulletin, (2025), 50, 2, (190-207), 10.1557/s43577-024-00846-y)

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MRS Bulletin 2025年 1-2页

作者： Banerjee, Sarbajit Meng, Y. Shirley Minor, Andrew M. Zhang, Minghao Zaluzec, Nestor J. Chan, Maria K.Y. Seidler, Gerald McComb, David W. Agar, Joshua Mukherjee, Partha P. Melot, Brent Chapman, Karena Guiton, Beth S. Klie, Robert F. McCue, Ian D. Voyles, Paul M. Robertson, Ian Li, Ling Chi, Miaofang Destino, Joel F. Devaraj, Arun Marquis, Emmanuelle A. Segre, Carlo U. Liu, Huinan H. Yang, Judith C. Momeni, Kasra Misra, Amit Abdolrahim, Niaz Medvedeva, Julia E. Cai, Wenjun Sehirlioglu, Alp Dizbay-Onat, Melike Mehta, Apurva Graham-Brady, Lori Maruyama, Benji Rajan, Krishna Warner, Jamie H. Taheri, Mitra L. Kalinin, Sergei V. Reeja-Jayan, B. Schwarz, Udo D. Simon, Sindee L. Brown, Craig M. Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science & Engineering Texas A & M University College Station United States Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering The University of Chicago Chicago United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of California Berkeley Berkeley United States National Center for Electron Microscopy Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley United States Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National Laboratory Lemont United States Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Drexel University Philadelphia United States School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette United States Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles United States Department of Chemistry Stony Brook University The State University of New York Stony Brook United States Department of Chemistry University of Kentucky Lexington United States Department of Physics University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Bangladesh Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University Durham United States Department of Chemistry Creighton University Omaha United States Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Michigan–Ann Arbor Ann Arbor United States Department of Physics Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago United States Department of Bioengineering and the Mater

This article was updated to correct Minghao Zhang’s affiliation from "Pritzker School of Molecular engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA" to "Pritzker School of Molecular engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA;Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, USA." Argonne National Laboratory was left off the original publication. © The Author(s) 2025.

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