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2006 ASME International Mechanical engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE2006

作者： Bulusu, A. Walker, D.G. Interdisciplinary Program in Material Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0791837904

Confined structures presumably offer enhanced performance of thermoelectric devices. 1) Interfaces and boundaries create scattering sites for phonons, which reduces the thermal conductivity. 2) Reduced dimensionality increases the local density of states near the Fermi level, which increases the Seebeck coefficient. From these two phenomena, the net effect should be an increase in ZT, the performance parameter used to evaluate different materials and structures. These effects have been measured and modeled, but none of the models attempts to quantify the electron-phonon coupled effects particularly in the regime where quantum and scattering influences are found. Using the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) approach, quantum wells composed of Si and Ge are studied and the important physics isolated. Results show a competing effect between the decrease in the electrical conductivity due to scattering with the increase in electrical conductivity with doping, leading to 77% decrease in the value of the power factor for the case of electron-optical phonon scattering. Copyright © 2006 by ASME.

关键词： Semiconductor superlattices

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Development of Novel Ternary Alloy of CSiSn for Low-Cost Next Generation Photovoltaics

Development of Novel Ternary Alloy of CSiSn for Low-Cost Nex...

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11th Symposium on SiGe, Ge, and Related Compounds: materials, Processing, and Devices - In Memory of Qizhi Liu, held at the PRiME 2024 Meeting

作者： Banihashemian, S.F. Mahmoudi, M. Mosleh, A. Naseem, H.A. Department of Electrical Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States Material Science & Engineering Program University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781623326630

The growing need for highly efficient solar cells calls for significant advancements in the development of a new material system to meet the needs of low-cost production. Current multi-junction solar cell alternatives are more costly to produce. This research showcases the development and analysis of a novel ternary material system, The CSiSn (CST) alloy, which shows potential for creating low-cost material with high absorption across solar spectrum. In this work, the following aspects regarding the CST material are investigated: 1) material modelling using density functional theory, 2) electronic band structure estimations, 3) low-temperature material growth technique via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) system;4) advanced material and optical characterizations of CST alloys. Copyright © 2024 by The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ternary alloys

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Young's modulus of collagen as a function of displacement rate

Young's modulus of collagen as a function of displacement ra...

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SEM Annual Conference and Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics 2009

作者： Lopez-Garcia, M.D.C. Beebe, D.J. Crone, W.C. Material Science Program University of Wisconsin Madison WI United States Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison WI United States Engineering Physics University of Wisconsin Madison WI United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781615671892

Mammary gland cell behavior is affected by surrounding collagen density;in particular there is a link to breast cancer and tissue density. This motivates the need for determining Young's modulus of collagen at physiologically relevant displacement rates. The scale of movement for cells is on the order of 0.001 mm/min. The Young's modulus of collagen has been previously studied at the higher displacement rate of 10 mm/min. For cell studies these results may not be relevant since the Young's modulus is a function of displacement rate. We have obtained the Young's modulus for three displacement rates: 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mm/min;at three different collagen densities: 1.3 mg/mL, 2 mg/mL, and 3 mg/mL. In order to obtain accurate results, strain was measured directly from the sample using an optical technique. Also, it was shown that the strain rate that the samples experience is not the same as the strain rate calculated from the crosshead displacement. Sample strain rates as low as 0.0005 min-1 were achieved during the tensile testing. Young's modulus values ranged from 1 - 28 kPa for all the experimental results and below 7 kPa for tests conducted near 0.001 min-1. We conclude that it is essential that for collagen, the strain and strain rate be measured directly on the sample to obtain accurate Young's modulus results and strain rate values. It was confirmed that even at very low strain rates the stiffness of the sample increases with collagen density. ©2009 Society for Experimental Mechanics Inc.

关键词： Collagen

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Identification of Magnetite material (Fe3O4) Based on Natural materials as Catalyst for Industrial Raw material Application 1

Identification of Magnetite Material (Fe3O4) Based on Natura...

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1st International Conference on Education, science and Technology, ICON-EST 2018

作者： Maulinda Zein, Ikramullah Jalil, Zulkarnain Industrial Engineering Study Program Engineering Faculty of Serambi Mekkah University Banda Aceh Indonesia Material Physics Laboratory Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science SyiahKuala University Banda Aceh Indonesia

Identification of magnetite nanoparticles synthesized from natural iron sand with a chemical treatment that is by using thecoprecipitation method on temperature and heated spaces, using a pair of acids and bases, i.e. HCL as a solvent NH4OH and as its precipation. The Crystal structure, the percentage of elements, the particle size and properties of the magnetism material characterization by XRD, XRF identification testing, and permagraph. From the results obtained in the Analysis that the value of the percentage purity of Fe3O4 are derived from Natural Sands before Extraction is of 81.42%, and once on extract 86.73% increase to its purity. From the results of the analysis of properties of ferrite magnet to Fe3O4from sand iron retrieved the value of Saturation Magnetization (Ms) produced amounted to 0.29 T, or residual magnetization Remanence (Br) of 0081 T, and Coercivityy(Hc) amounted to 1.82 kA/m expected data analysis results may explain the comparison characteristics in structure and magnetic properties of material with a natural sand Fe3O4 Aldrich so it can be an additional related information value added (added value) the local SDA. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Magnetite

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Towards global color control in the textile supply chain: The role of lighting in color perception

Towards global color control in the textile supply chain: Th...

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American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Annual International Conference and Exhibition 2005

作者： Hinks, David Noor, Kashif Shamey, Renzo Cardenas, Lina Jasper, Warren Cassill, Nancy Aspland, J. Richard Polymer and Color Chemistry Program North Carolina State University Raleigh NC United States School of Material Science and Engineering Clemson University Clemson SC United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781605609911

A common objective in color technology is the control and accurate reproduction of a colored material under a set of specified conditions. In the textile industry, effective color control and communication between designer, dyer and retailer are critical to obtaining high product quality and cost efficiency. Ideally, the color of an object perceived by an observer (e.g., a consumer) is very close to the color specified in the original product design. Commonly, color control is achieved both via visual assessment and color measurement (colorimetry), and lighting plays a key roll in both methods. Accurate color control requires that the color and intensity of the lighting used for illumination is measured and controlled. The textile industry is in the process of incorporating digital color communication protocols, with the goal of reducing processing costs and the time to market of apparel products. An accurate color model, particularly color difference, is essential. Color difference models utilize illuminant data that may or may not correlate with the actual store lighting. This paper presents new quantitative data on the variability of lighting in retail stores and standard viewing booths. The potential impact of the variability in lighting at various stages of the color control cycle is discussed and ongoing work to develop a global approach to color control is reviewed.

关键词： Color

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Reversible tuning of the electronic properties of graphene via controlled exposure to electron beam irradiation and annealing

Reversible tuning of the electronic properties of graphene v...

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2011 MRS Spring Meeting

作者： Teweldebrhan, Desalegne Liu, Guanxiong Balandin, Alexander A. Nano-Device Laboratory Bourne College of Engineering University of California - Riverside Riverside CA 92521 United States Material Science and Engineering Program University of California - Riverside Riverside CA 92521 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781605113210

Graphene reveals many extraordinary properties including extremely high room temperature carrier mobility and intrinsic thermal conductivity. Understanding how to controllably modify graphene's properties is essential for its proposed applications. Here we report on a method for tuning the electrical properties of graphene via electron beam irradiation. It was observed that single-layer graphene is highly susceptible to the low-energy electron beams. We demonstrated that by controlling the irradiation dose one can change, by desired amount, the carrier mobility, shift the charge neutrality point, increase the resistance at the minimum conduction point, induce the "transport gap" and achieve current saturation in graphene. The change in graphene properties is due to defect formation on the graphene surface and in the graphene lattice. The changes are reversible by annealing until some critical irradiation dose is reached. © 2011 materials Research Society.

关键词： Graphene

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A Novel Joint between Dissimilar materials Inspired by the Mechanics of Trees

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2005年第1期844卷 1-8页

作者： L. Roy Xu Huacheng Kuai Sreeparna Sengupta Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering & Material Science Program Vanderbilt Place Vanderbilt University Nashville USA

An integrated experimental and numerical investigation was conducted for removing the free-edge stress concentrations in dissimilar material joints. A convex interface/joint design, inspired by the shape and mechanics of trees, allows for least stress concentrations at bi-material corners for most engineering material combinations. In-situ photoelasticity experiments on convex polycarbonate-aluminum joints showed that the free-edge stress concentration was successfully removed. As a result, the new design not only improves the static load transfer capacity of dissimilar material joints, but also yields more reasonable interfacial tensile strength evaluation. For convex polycarbonate-aluminum and PMMA-aluminum joint specimens, the ultimate tensile load increased up to 81% while the total material volume reduced by at least 15% over that of traditional butt-joint specimens with severe free-edge stress concentrations.

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Compact solar-powered plasma water generator: enhanced on-site aged seed germination with the corona dielectric barrier discharger

Compact solar-powered plasma water generator: enhanced on-si...

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2024 American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting, ASABE 2024

作者： Xiao, Yiting Tian, Yang Xiong, Haizheng Shi, Ainong Zhu, Jun Biological Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville72701 United States Program of Material Science and Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville72701 United States Department of Horticulture University of Arkansas Fayetteville72701 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331302214

Seed aging adversely affects agricultural productivity by reducing germination rates and seedling vigor, leading to significant costs for seed banks and companies due to the need for frequent seed renewals. This study demonstrates the use of plasma-activated water (PAW), generated by a solar-powered corona dielectric barrier discharger, to enhance germination rates in 23-year-old frozen stored spinach seeds. Treating seeds (strain 08-415) with PAW at 17kV for 15 minutes improved germination by 135% compared to untreated seeds and notably fostered early seedling growth. Through detailed analysis, beneficial PAW properties for seed development were identified, and a mechanism at the molecular level explaining the rejuvenation effects on aged seeds was proposed. This solar-powered micro-reactor represents a significant advancement in seed treatment technology, offering a sustainable solution to meet growing food demands while addressing environmental and resource sustainability challenges. © 2024 ASABE Annual International Meeting. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dielectric barrier discharge

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Long-term Room Temperature Instability in Thermal Conductivity of InGaZnO Thin Films

Long-term Room Temperature Instability in Thermal Conductivi...

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作者： Cui, Boya Bruce Buchholz, D. Zeng, Li Bedzyk, Michael Chang, Robert P. H. Grayson, Matthew Applied Physics Program Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Material Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States

The cross-plane thermal conductivities of InGaZnO (IGZO) thin films in different morphologies were measured on three occasions within 19 months, using the 3ω method at room temperature 300 K. Amorphous (a-), semi-crystalline (semi-c-) and crystalline (c-) IGZO films were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), followed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) for evaluation of film quality and crystallinity. Semi-c-IGZO shows the highest thermal conductivity, even higher than the most ordered crystal-like phase. After being stored in dry low-oxygen environment for months, a drastic decrease of semi-c-IGZO thermal conductivity was observed, while the thermal conductivity slightly reduced in c-IGZO and remained unchanged in a-IGZO. This change in thermal conductivity with storage time can be attributed to film structural relaxation and vacancy diffusion to grain boundaries. © 2016 materials Research Society.

关键词： Thin films

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A theoretical investigation of some N-hydroxymethyl amino acids as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel 59th

A theoretical investigation of some N-hydroxymethyl amino ac...

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59th International Scientific Conference of Riga Technical University (RTU) Section of materials science and Applied Chemistry, MSAC 2018

作者： Özdemir, Emre Gece, Gökhan Advanced Technologies Material Science and Engineering Program Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Bursa Technical University Bursa Turkey Department of Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Bursa Technical University Bursa Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9783035714074

In this study the dependence of corrosion inhibition and microbial effects of four N-hydroxymethylated amino acids on their molecular and electronic structure was analyzed using density functional theory calculations. Quantum chemical parameters, such as highest occupied molecular orbital energy (EHOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (ELUMO), energy gap (ΔE) were calculated at the B3LYP/6-311G++(d,p) basis set. Although no simple relationship between the inhibition performance and the calculated data could be discerned, the comparison of inactivation rate constants with energetic parameters suggested that microbial effects of the compounds can be explained in terms of their side chain disparities. © 2019 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland

关键词： Density functional theory

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