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Lateral load performance evaluation of larch glulam portal frames using GFRP-reinforced laminated plate and GFRP rod

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Journal of the Korean Wood science and Technology 2016年第1期44卷 30-39页

作者： Jung, Hong-Ju Song, Yo-Jin Lee, In-Hwan Hong, Soon-Il Program of Forest Biomaterials Engineering Division of Forest Material Science and Engineering Kangwon National University Chuncheon24341 Korea Republic of

The evaluation of the lateral load performance for larch glulam portal frames was carried out using glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) as connector in two different systems: the GFRP-reinforced laminated plates combined with veneer, and GFRP rod joints glued with epoxy resins to replace usual metal connectors for the structural glulam rahmen joints. As a result the yield strength, ultimate strength, initial stiffness of glulams of GFRP rod joints glued with epoxy resin decreased to 49%, 52% and 61% compared to those of the conventional metal connector. This connector will be a stress device where the bonding strength between the GFRP rod and glued laminated timber is important. Thus, there will be a high possibility that a problem may occur when it is applied to the field. On the other hand, the GFRP reinforced laminated plates and wood (Eucalyptus marginata) pin were measured all within 3% for all measurements of the yield strength, ultimate strength, initial strength and ductility factor, regardless of high cross sectional loss on the glued laminated timber slit joint. In addition, the variation of stiffness on the cycle was 35%, which was the lowest, confirming that it was almost the same performance as the specimen prepared with the metal connector.

关键词： Timber

Moment resistance performance evaluation of larch glulam joints using GFRP-reinforced laminated plate and GFRP rod

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Journal of the Korean Wood science and Technology 2016年第1期44卷 40-47页

Instead of metal connector generally used on the structural glued laminated timber rahmen joints, the GFRP reinforced laminated plates combining veneer and GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic) and bonded type GFRP rod were used as the connectors. As a result of moment resistance performance evaluation on the joint part applied with these connectors, the yield moment of specimen using the GFRP reinforced laminated plates and GFRP rod pin was measured 4 % lower in comparison to the specimen (Type-1) using the metal connectors, but the initial rotational stiffness was measured 29% higher. Also, the yield moment and rotational stiffness of the specimen using the GFRP-reinforced laminated plates and wood (Eucalyptus marginata) pin showed were measured 11% and 56% higher in comparison to the Type-1 specimen, showing the best performance. It was also confirmed through the failure shape and perfect elasto-plasticity analysis that it showed ductility behavior, not brittle fracture, from the shear resisting force by the pin and the bonding strength increased and the unification of member was carried out. On the other hand, in case of the specimen bonded with GFRP rod, it was impossible to measure the bonding performance or it was measured very low due to poor bonding.

关键词： Plates (structural components)

Evaluation of the moment resistance of reinforced wooden gusset to glulam joint1

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Journal of the Korean Wood science and Technology 2017年第1期45卷 53-61页

In this study, specimens were produced with a column member and a wooden gusset only by inserting an wooden gusset which is a substitute for steel plate into the center of a slit-processed column member. The moment resistance performance of the specimens was compared with that of control specimens that used a steel plate. The measured maximum moments of the specimens produced with GFRP-reinforced wooden laminated gussets and pins were lower by 24% on average compared to the steel plate-inserted specimens, but they showed good toughness. The fracture shape suggests that it was fractured along the annual rings between the pin and the end of the column member. The rigid specimen that integrated a laminated wood and a wooden laminated gusset with adhesive showed 2.8 times greater initial rigidity and 40% greater maximum moment on average compared to the control specimen. The rigid specimens mainly fractured on a glulam around glue line. © Korean Society of Wood science Technology. All rights reserved.

关键词： Rigidity

Prediction of the MOR of larch lumber

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Journal of the Korean Wood science and Technology 2018年第1期46卷 93-99页

作者： Lee, In-Hwan Cho, Soo-Min Hong, Soon-Il Program of Forest Biomaterials Engineering Division of Forest Material Science and Engineering Kangwon National University Chuncheon24341 Korea Republic of

It is necessary to review the non-destructive indexes in order to estimate the bending strength performance of the domestic larch lumber. In this study, MOEs (modulus of elastic) the larch lumber (cross-section 89 × 120 mm) were evaluated through non-destructive methods such as the ultra-sonic method, longitudinal vibration method, and non-destructive bending method. The non-destructive measurement method which best represented the static MOE was determined and applied as the MOR(modulus of rupture) estimation index. The MOE that was measured through the longitudinal vibration method showed the highest correlation with the static MOE. The MOR was highly related to the static MOE. Therefore, the non-destruction MOE measured through the longitudinal vibration method was used to estimate the MOR of the lumber.

关键词： Bending strength

Development of liquid biofuel properties through the blending of biodiesel from used cooking oil and pyrolysis oil from low-quality rubber waste

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Moonsin, Preecha Roschat, Wuttichai Phewphong, Sunti Watthanalao, Sittichai Maneerat, Bunterm Thammayod, Aekkaphon Leelatam, Tappagorn Suwannarong, Prawit Yoosuk, Boonyawan Janetaisong, Pathompong Promarak, Vinich Program of Chemistry Faculty of Science Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University Mueang District Ubon Ratchathani 34000 Thailand Biomass Energy Research Laboratory Center of Excellence on Alternative Energy Research and Development Institution Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University Mueang District Sakon Nakhon 47000 Thailand Program of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University Mueang District Sakon Nakhon 47000 Thailand Innovation in Chemistry for Community Research Unit Faculty of Science and Technology Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University Mueang District Sakon Nakhon 47000 Thailand Appropriated Technology Center Faculty of Science and Technology Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University Mueang District Sakon Nakhon 47000 Thailand Program of Environment Science Faculty of Science and Technology Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University Mueang District Sakon Nakhon 47000 Thailand National Energy Technology Center (ENTEC) 114 Thailand Science Park Phahonyothin Road Klong Luang Pathumthani 12120 Thailand Department of Material Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science & Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand

This study explores the potential of enhancing waste rubber pyrolysis oil (WRPO) by blending it with biodiesel derived from used cooking oil (WCO biodiesel oil) to improve its suitability as an alternative biofuel. The hypothesis posits that such blending will improve fuel stability, reduce acidity, and enhance combustion efficiency. The methodology included fuel characterization, preparation of various blending ratios, and evaluation of fuel properties, engine performance, and emissions. WRPO was found to contain high levels of aromatic and oxygenated compounds, resulting in high acidity (0.48 mg KOH/g), low viscosity (1.93 cSt), and a reduced heating value (44.39 MJ/kg). In contrast, WCO biodiesel oil exhibited strong ester characteristics, contributing to improved combustion and stability. Blending WRPO with WCO biodiesel oil at a 50:50 ratio (P50:B50 blend) enhanced fuel properties, including a density of 895 kg/m³, reduced viscosity (3.28 cSt), and a lower acid value (0.26 mg KOH/g), along with an increased heating value of 45.60 MJ/kg—approaching that of conventional diesel. Engine testing showed improved torque and reduced brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) compared to pure WRPO. Emission analysis revealed reductions in CO (18.5 %), HC (23.7 %), and smoke opacity (16.2 %), while NO_x emissions remained below diesel levels due to the lower combustion temperature of WRPO. These results suggest that the P50:B50 blend effectively addresses the drawbacks of WRPO, offering a promising, sustainable alternative to conventional diesel through improved performance, reduced emissions, and waste-to-energy valorization. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Biodiesel oil Fuel blending Liquid biofuel Pyrolysis oil Sustainable energy

The physicochemical properties of liquid biofuel derived from the pyrolysis of low-quality rubber waste

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Moonsin, Preecha Roschat, Wuttichai Phewphong, Sunti Watthanalao, Sittichai Maneerat, Bunterm Arthan, Supakorn Thammayod, Aekkaphon Leelatam, Tappagorn Yoosuk, Boonyawan Janetaisong, Pathompong Promarak, Vinich Program of Chemistry Faculty of Science Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University Mueang District Ubon Ratchathani 34000 Thailand Biomass Energy Research Laboratory Center of Excellence on Alternative Energy Research and Development Institution Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University Mueang District Sakon Nakhon 47000 Thailand Program of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University Mueang District Sakon Nakhon 47000 Thailand Innovation in Chemistry for Community Research Unit Faculty of Science and Technology Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University Mueang District Sakon Nakhon 47000 Thailand Appropriated Technology Center Faculty of Science and Technology Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University Mueang District Sakon Nakhon 47000 Thailand National Energy Technology Center (ENTEC) 114 Thailand Science Park Phahonyothin Road Klong Luang Pathumthani 12120 Thailand Department of Material Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science & Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand

This research explores the potential of low-quality rubber waste as a feedstock for liquid biofuel production via pyrolysis, achieving a conversion rate of 65–70 %. The study presents a comprehensive analysis of waste rubber pyrolysis oil (WRPO) using FT-IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, and GC-MS techniques to identify its chemical composition and fuel properties. FT-IR analysis reveals a complex mixture of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, aromatic rings, and oxygenated compounds, while NMR analysis confirms the diverse chemical structure of WRPO. GC-MS identifies key compounds, including D-Limonene, Dimethyl phthalate, Methyl hexadecanoate, and Oleic acid methyl ester, with 18.49 % saturated hydrocarbons and 81.51 % unsaturated hydrocarbons. The TGA results show that WRPO exhibits evaporation and thermal decomposition characteristics similar to B10 diesel, with evaporation beginning below 40 °C and complete decomposition at 300 °C, highlighting its potential as an efficient and environmentally friendly biofuel. Fuel property testing reveals WRPO has a kinematic viscosity of 1.47 cSt, a density of 785 kg/m³, and favorable low pour and cloud points (<−5 °C), making it suitable for cold climates. However, WRPO has a lower heating value of 9675 kcal/kg compared to B10 diesel (11083 kcal/kg) and a high acid number of 4.24 mg KOH/g, which may lead to oxidation and corrosion. In conclusion, WRPO shows considerable promise as a biofuel but would benefit from blending with higher-energy fuels, such as B10 diesel, palm oil biodiesel, or waste cooking oil biodiesel, to improve its stability, combustion efficiency, and heating value. This blending strategy enhances WRPO's potential for sustainable biofuel production and engine use. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Biomass energy Liquid biofuel Low-quality rubber waste Physicochemical properties Pyrolysis

DETERMINING POLYMERIC GLASS TRANSITIONS USING THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS

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THERMOCHIMICA ACTA 1989年第2期154卷 255-262页

作者： FARR, M HARRISON, IR Pennsylvania State University Department of Material Science and Engineering Polymer Science Program Steidle Building University Park PA 16802USA

Thermogravimetric analysis is typically employed to study degradation and curing processes. The work presented here will show that thermogravimetry (TG) can also be used to probe other types of thermal processes. In particular, TG can be used to determine glass transitions T g in certain polymers. A premise of the technique is that low molecular weight species can be imbibed into a polymer sample. Upon heating, major gas evolution will take place in the glass transition region and such gas evolution can be utilized as an indicator of T g . This technique is particularly beneficial for determining T g values of semicrystalline polymers without major modifications of crystallinity. To demonstrate the concept, studies were carried out in two phases. Phase one looked at well characterized amorphous polymers using several solvents to show that the technique does indeed work. In phase two it was established that glass transitions of semicrystalline polymers could be detected.

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SAXS DETERMINATION OF THE MAXIMUM AMORPHOUS SURFACE-LAYER THICKNESS OF POM SINGLE-CRYSTALS

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JOURNAL OF POLYMER science PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS 1981年第12期19卷 1923-1924页

作者： VARNELL, WD RUNT, JP HARRISON, IR Polymer Science Program Material Science and Engineering Department The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802

Large Negative Magnetoresistance in Antiferromagnetic Gd2Se3

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arXiv

arXiv 2025年

作者： Chhetri, Santosh Karki Acharya, Gokul Graf, David Basnet, Rabindra Rahman, Sumaya Sharma, M.M. Upreti, Dinesh Nabi, Md. Rafique Un Kryvyi, Serhii Sakon, Josh Mortazavi, Mansour Da, Bo Churchill, Hugh Hu, Jin Department of Physics University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States National High Magnetic Field Lab TallahasseeFL32310 United States Department of Chemistry & Physics University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Pine BluffAR71603 United States Material Science and Engineering Program Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States MonArk NSF Quantum Foundry University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR United States Center for Basic Research on Materials National Institute for Materials Science Ibaraki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan

Rare earth chalcogenides provide a great platform to study exotic quantum phenomena such as superconductivity and charge density waves. Among various interesting properties, the coupling between magnetism and electronic transport has attracted significant attention. Here, we report the investigation of such coupling in α-Gd2Se3 single crystals through magnetic, calorimetric, and transport property measurements. α-Gd2Se3 is found to display an antiferromagnetic ground state below 11 K with metamagnetic spin-flop transitions. The magnetic fluctuations remain strong above the transition temperature. Transport measurements reveal an overall metallic transport behavior with a large negative magnetoresistance of ~ 65% near the magnetic transition temperature, together with positive MR near the field-induced spin-flop transitions, which can be understood in terms of the suppression of spin scattering by the magnetic field. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Gadolinium compounds