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Observation of the spatial Goos–Hänchen shift due to low-loss dielectrics

Optics Letters 2025年第11期50卷 3533-3536页

作者： Operaña, Jared Joshua Simon, Niña Zambale Hermosa, Nathaniel Material Science and Engineering Program University of the Philippines-Diliman Diliman Quezon City1101 Philippines National Institute of Physics University of the Philippines-Diliman Diliman Quezon City1101 Philippines

In this paper, we present the first, to the best of our knowledge, measurement of spatial Goos–Hänchen (GH) shifts for low-loss dielectrics (φ0 = Εi/|Εr| 1). The observed resonant shifts are up to 100λ. Because of this sharp resonance, measuring the shift is challenging. We argue that it might be possible to use these simple materials for the many proposed applications of the GH shift. Moreover, we show that by using the GH shifts, we can discriminate materials with almost similar values of the real permittivity (Εr) but of different imaginary values (Εi), in our case, the bulk gallium arsenide (GaAs) versus silicon (Si). This allows us to put forth a method to measure the complex permittivity of low-loss dielectrics through the GH shifts. Using this method, the measured permittivity values for Si and GaAs differ from standard values by as little as 0.2% for the real Ε component and 7% for the imaginary Ε component. Further precise and accurate measurement of GH shift will result in an alternative method to measure the permittivity of materials with almost similar real permittivities. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group. All rights are reserved.

关键词： Permittivity measurement

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Shape Optimization of Porous Electrode Batteries

Shape Optimization of Porous Electrode Batteries

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AIAA science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Bookwala, Murtaza Guibert, Alexandre T. R. Agnelli, Filippo Kim, H. Alicia Structural Engineering Department and Material Science and Engineering Department University of California San Diego San DiegoCA United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

Batteries are essential in various applications, including Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) vehicles, where performance, efficiency, and safety are paramount. However, the effects of battery shape and design on thermal management and overall efficiency remain underexplored. In this study, we present a computational framework for shape optimization of lithium-ion batteries with a focus on maximizing energy density. In this work, we model the battery electrochemistry using the Doyle Fuller Newman model, which has a homogenized domain of electrode active particles. In contrast to the common finite volume model, we develop a multiscale finite element model. The results are validated against the well-established finite volume solutions and then used to maximize energy storage and minimize ohmic losses using the level set topology optimization method. The sensitivities are obtained using the discrete adjoint method. To reduce the computational cost of the sensitivity calculations, we use a semi-symbolic approach to calculate the partial derivatives necessary for the adjoint method. Anumerical optimization study indicates that optimizing the separator shape, between the anode and the cathode, can improve the energy performance by at least 43%. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Shape optimization

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Enabling rechargeable Li-MnO_(2) batteries using ether electrolytes

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SmartMat 2023年第5期4卷 131-138页

作者： Dawei Xia Hongpeng Gao Mingqian Li John Holoubek Qizhang Yan Yijie Yin Panpan Xu Zheng Chen Department of NanoEngineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA Program of Materials Science and Engineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA Program of Chemical Engineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA Sustainable Power and Energy Center University of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA

A low-carbon future demands more affordable batteries utilizing abundant elements with sustainable end-of-life battery *** the economic and environmental advantages of Li-MnO_(2)batteries,their applica-tion so far has been largely constrained to primary ***,we demonstrate that one of the major limiting factors preventing the stable cycling of Li-MnO_(2)batteries,Mn dissolution,can be effectively mitigated by employing a common ether electrolyte,1 mol/L lithium bis(trifluorometha-nesulfonyl)imide(LiTFSI)in 1,3-dioxane(DOL)/1,2-dimethoxyethane(DME).We discover that the suppression of this dissolution enables highly reversible cycling of the MnO_(2)cathode regardless of the synthesized phase and ***,we find that both the LiPF_(6)salt and carbonate solvents present in conventional electrolytes are responsible for previous cycling *** ether electrolyte,paired with MnO_(2)cathodes is able to demonstrate stable cycling performance at various rates,even at elevated temperature such as 60℃.Our discovery not only represents a defining step in Li-MnO_(2)batteries with extended life but provides design criteria of electrolytes for vast manganese-based cathodes in rechargeable batteries.

关键词： ether-based electrolytes Li-MnO batteries Mn deposition Mn dissolution reuse of primary batteries

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Crafting chirality in three dimensions via a novel fabrication technique for bound states in the continuum metasurfaces

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Light(science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 390-392页

作者： Zaid Haddadin Anna My Nguyen Lisa V.Poulikakos Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Mechanical&Aerospace Engineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Program of Materials Science&Engineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA

An additional deposition step was added to a multi-step electron beam lithographic fabrication process to unlock the height dimension as an accessible parameter for resonators comprising unit cells of quasi-bound stat... 详细信息

关键词： dimensions dimension intrinsic

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Migration and proliferation drive the emergence of patterns in co-cultures of differentiating vascular progenitor cells

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Mathematical Biosciences and engineering 2024年第8期21卷 6731-6757页

作者： Zamora Alvarado, Jose E. McCloskey, Kara E. Gopinathan, Ajay School of Engineering University of California Merced MercedCA95343 United States Graduate Program in Materials and Biomaterials Science and Engineering University of California Merced MercedCA95343 United States Department of Physics University of California Merced MercedCA95343 United States

Vascular cells self-organize into unique structures guided by cell proliferation, migration, and/or differentiation from neighboring cells, mechanical factors, and/or soluble signals. However, the relative contribution of each of these factors remains unclear. Our objective was to develop a computational model to explore the different factors affecting the emerging micropatterns in 2D. This was accomplished by developing a stochastic on-lattice population-based model starting with vascular progenitor cells with the potential to proliferate, migrate, and/or differentiate into either endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells. The simulation results yielded patterns that were qualitatively and quantitatively consistent with experimental observations. Our results suggested that post-differentiation cell migration and proliferation when balanced could generate between 30–70% of each cell type enabling the formation of vascular patterns. Moreover, the cell-to-cell sensing could enhance the robustness of this patterning. These findings computationally supported that 2D patterning is mechanistically similar to current microfluidic platforms that take advantage of the migration-directed self-assembly of mature endothelial and mural cells to generate perfusable 3D vasculature in permissible hydrogel environments and suggest that stem or progenitor cells may not be fully necessary components in many tissue formations like those formed by vasculogenesis. ©2024 the Author(s)

关键词： Endothelial cells

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Short Wave Infrared Upconversion Imager with Electron Blocking Layer to Screen Electron Injection into Photosensitive Layer 5

Short Wave Infrared Upconversion Imager with Electron Blocki...

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5th IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems, FLEPS 2023

作者： Shin, Chanho Li, Ning Ng, Tse Nga University of California San Diego Material Science and Engineering Program La Jolla United States University of California San Diego Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering La Jolla United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665457330

In this work, we demonstrated upconversion imagers integrated with shortwave infrared photodetectors paired with an electron blocking layer. The use of electron blocking layer screened charge injection to prevent recombination in photosensitive layer. The characteristics of each electron blocking layer were analyzed in aspects of noise and detectivity. For the optimized device, the parasitic luminance in the dark was efficiently suppressed, and the photon-to-photon efficiency was increased. The electron blocking layer used in this work is generally applicable for upconversion imagers using different absorption and emitting materials. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Photodetectors

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Surface-modified Ag@Ru-P25 for photocatalytic CO_(2) conversion with high selectivity over CH_(4) formation at the solid–gas interface

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Carbon Energy 2024年第1期6卷 182-196页

作者： Chaitanya B.Hiragond Sohag Biswas Niket SPowar Junho Lee Eunhee Gong Hwapyong Kim Hong Soo Kim Jin-Woo Jung Chang-Hee Cho Bryan M.Wong Su-Il In Department of Energy Science&Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)DaeguRepublic of Korea Department of Chemical&Environmental Engineering Materials Science&Engineering ProgramDepartment of ChemistryDepartment of Physics&AstronomyUniversity of California-RiversideRiversideCaliforniaUSA Department of Physics and Chemistry Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)DaeguRepublic of Korea NiceScience Corporation DaeguRepublic of Korea

Systematic optimization of the photocatalyst and investigation of the role of each component is important to maximizing catalytic activity and comprehending the photocatalytic conversion of CO_(2) reduction to solar fuels.A surface-modified Ag@Ru-P25 photocatalyst with H_(2)O_(2) treatment was designed in this study to convert CO_(2) and H_(2)O vapor into highly selective *** doping followed by Ag nanoparticles(NPs)cocatalyst deposition on P25(TiO_(2))enhances visible light absorption and charge separation,whereas H_(2)O_(2) treatment modifies the surface of the photocatalyst with hydroxyl(–OH)groups and promotes CO_(2) ***-resonance transmission electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,X-ray absorption near-edge structure,and extended X-ray absorption fine structure techniques were used to analyze the surface and chemical composition of the photocatalyst,while thermogravimetric analysis,CO_(2) adsorption isotherm,and temperature programmed desorption study were performed to examine the significance of H_(2)O_(2) treatment in increasing CO_(2) reduction *** optimized Ag1.0@Ru1.0-P25 photocatalyst performed excellent CO_(2) reduction activity into CO,CH4,and C2H6 with a~95%selectivity of CH4,where the activity was~135 times higher than that of pristine TiO_(2)(P25).For the first time,this work explored the effect of H_(2)O_(2) treatment on the photocatalyst that dramatically increases CO_(2) reduction activity.

关键词： gas-phase CO_(2) reduction H_(2)O_(2) treatment plasmonic nanoparticles solar fuel photocatalyst surface modification

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Sulfonation of HwBKP by Sulfur Trioxide Pyridine Complex and Preparation of Anionic Cellulose Beads Using the Same

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Palpu Chongi Gisul/Journal of Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry 2023年第2期55卷 10-18页

作者： Kim, Younglae Heo, Dohyeon Cho, Byoung-Uk Department of Paper Science & Engineering College of Forest & Environmental Sciences Kangwon National University Korea Republic of Program of Paper Material Science & Engineering College of Forest & Environmental Sciences Kangwon National University Korea Republic of

To expand the applications of cellulose beads, sulfonated cellulose beads were prepared by chemically modifying HwBKP fibers with sulfur trioxide pyridine complex (STP), dissolving in tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH)/urea solvent, and dropping into acetic acid solution. The effect of the amount of STP added on the properties of sulfonated cellulose solution and cellulose beads was investigated. It was observed that the sulfonated cellulose beads exhibited anionic surface charge in a fairly wide pH range, and the degree of substitution of sulfonic acid groups and the zeta potential of the cellulose beads could be controlled by adjusting the amount of added STP. In addition, as the amount of STP added increased, the crystallinity of the cellulose decreased, the viscosity and surface tension of the sulfonated cellulose/TEAOH/urea solution decreased, and the size of the cellulose beads increased. © 2023 Korean Technical Assoc. of the Pulp and Paper Industry. All rights reserved.

关键词： Zeta potential

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Compact solar-powered plasma water generator: enhanced germination of aged seed with the corona dielectric barrierdischarger

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Frontiers of Agricultural science and engineering 2024年第4期11卷 642-651页

作者： Yiting XIAO Yang TIAN Haizheng XIONG Ainong SHI Jun ZHU Biological Engineering University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA Program of Material Science and Engineering University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA Department of Horticulture University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA.

Seed aging adversely affects agricultural productivity by reducing germination rates and seedling vigor,leading to significant costs for seed banks and companies due to the need for frequent seed *** study demonstrated the use of plasma-activated water(PAW),generated by a solar-powered corona dielectric barrier discharger,to enhance germination rates of spinach seeds that had been stored at 4℃ for 23 *** seeds with PAW at 17 kV for 15 min improved germination(by 135%)and seedling growth compared to untreated *** detailed analysis,beneficial PAW properties for seed development were identified,and a molecular mechanism for this rejuvenation is *** solar-powered microreactor used in this study is considered to represent a significant advancement in seed treatment technology,offering a sustainable solution to meet growing food demands while addressing environmental and resource sustainability challenges.

关键词： Non-thermal plasma plant growth reactor design seedgermination

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Evaluating mechanism of banana pseudo-stem retting using seawater:A cost-effective surface pre-treatment approach

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第3期9卷 322-335页

作者： Prince Hotor Ahmed H.Hassanin Osbert Akatwijuka Mohamed A.H.Gepreel Mitsuo Yamamoto Yukie Saito Ahmed Abdel-Mawgood Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology Biotechnology ProgramAlexandria GovernorateNew Borg Al Arab 21934Egypt Alexandria University Department of Textile EngineeringAlexandria GovernorateBab Sharqi 5424041Egypt Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology Material Science and EngineeringAlexandria GovernorateNew Borg Al Arab 21934Egypt Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of TokyoBunkyo-KuTokyo 113-8657Japan

Retting has been employed to extract natural fibers from agricultural wastes as a biological and cost-effective approach for *** its global abundance,banana pseudo-stem is a promising agro-waste for lignocellulosic fiber *** this study,fibers were extracted from the pseudo-stems after being pre-treated under four conditions using seawater at room temperature for up to 35 d Bacterial isolation from the fresh seawater sample and screening for ligninolytic ability were *** load as well as laccase and manganese peroxidase enzyme activity profile assay during the retting duration were *** transform infrared(FT-IR)and X-day diffraction(XRD)analyses were also examined for both pre-treated and untreated extracted *** results shows that six out of the eight bacterial isolates had the ability to degrade *** treatments(Raw stem+Raw seawater)and(Autoclaved stem+Raw seawater)recorded the highest viable bacterial load of 9.24×102 and 4.46×102 CFU,respectively,on the 14th day of the retting ***,the highest laccase and manganese peroxidase enzymes activity was recorded for(Raw stem+Raw seawater)and(Autoclaved stem+Raw seawater)treatments in the second to the third *** FT-IR spectra of the pre-treated fibers revealed relative reductions in peaks attributed to polysaccharides and other amorphous substances for all retting *** XRD diffractogram revealed that the crystallinity index(CI)of pre-treated fibers increased in all seawater retting treatment ***,the CI for fibers pre-treated under enzymatic conditions were enhanced even after five *** analysis for selected bacterial isolates showed homology to sequences of Bacillus velezensis,Shewanella sp.L8–5,and Citrobacter amalonaticus and Bacillus subtilis j8 *** these findings,it was suggested that physical,biological,and chemical actions were collectively involved in the seawater retting process of banana ps

关键词： Seawater retting Banana pseudo-stem Natural fiber Enzyme activity Colony forming unit

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