α-tocopherol succinate modified chitosan(CS-TOS)was synthesized by coupling *** formation of CS-TOS was confirmed byH-NMR and FT-IR *** aqueous medium,the polymer could self-aggregate to form micelles,and the criti...
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α-tocopherol succinate modified chitosan(CS-TOS)was synthesized by coupling *** formation of CS-TOS was confirmed byH-NMR and FT-IR *** aqueous medium,the polymer could self-aggregate to form micelles,and the critical micelle concentration(CMC)was determined to be5.8×10mg/*** was then encapsulated into micelles by a probe-type ultrasonic method.
Like in many other areas of engineering, process simulations find application in precision injection molding to assist and optimize the quality and design of precise products and the molding process. Injection molding...
Like in many other areas of engineering, process simulations find application in precision injection molding to assist and optimize the quality and design of precise products and the molding process. Injection molding comprises mainly the manufacturing of plastic components. However, the variant of precision powder injection molding for the production of metallic and ceramic micro parts raises more and more interest though. Consequently, in the entire field the demand for simulation tools increases constantly, too. The present work reports the material characterization of feedstocks which are used for powder injection molding. This characterization includes measurements of rheological, thermal, and pvT behavior of the powder-binder-mixes. The acquired material data was used to generate new material models for the database of the commercially available Autodesk Moldflow® simulation software. The necessary data and the implementation procedure of the new material models are outlined. In order to validate the simulation studies and evaluate their accuracy, the simulation results are compared with experiments performed using a spiral test geometry.
Collection of aerosol particles in the particular steps of the technology of their production, and purification of the air at the workplace and atmospheric environment, requires the efficient method of separation of p...
Collection of aerosol particles in the particular steps of the technology of their production, and purification of the air at the workplace and atmospheric environment, requires the efficient method of separation of particulate matter from the carrier gas. There are many papers published in last few years in which the deposition of particles on fibrous collectors is considered, Most of them assume that collisions between particle and collector surface is 100% effective. In this work we study the influence of particles and fiber properties on the deposition efficiency. For the purpose of this work the lattice-Boltzmann model describes fluid dynamics, while the solid particle motion is modeled by the Brownian dynamics. The interactions between particles and surface are modelled using energy balanced oscillatory model. The work of adhesion was estimated using Atomic Force Microscopy.
Nitrogen K-edge XPS and NEXAFS of the two polymorphic forms of para- aminobenzoic acid (PABA) are significantly different reflecting variation in hydrogen bonding. Alteration in hydrogen bonding at the amino group lea...
Nitrogen K-edge XPS and NEXAFS of the two polymorphic forms of para- aminobenzoic acid (PABA) are significantly different reflecting variation in hydrogen bonding. Alteration in hydrogen bonding at the amino group leads to a shift to high energy for both the XPS N 1s core level and the 3π* NEXAFS resonance with β-PABA. Participation of the amine group in the aromatic system causes the 1π* resonance to be sensitive to the nature of the intermolecular bonding at the para-carboxylic acid group, and a shift to low energy for α- PABA is observed due to hydrogen-bonded carboxylic acid dimer formation. FEFF calculations also successfully reproduce both the energy and intensity variations observed for the σ* shape resonance associated with the C-N bond, with the majority of the decrease in energy observed for b-PABA arising from the longer C-N bond.
On page 1401 X. Chen, X. Zhang, Y. Zhou, and co-workers describe the synthesis of mesoporous silica nanocarriers with pH-switchable antifouling zwitterionic surfaces and blue fluorescence that are capable of enzyme-re...
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On page 1401 X. Chen, X. Zhang, Y. Zhou, and co-workers describe the synthesis of mesoporous silica nanocarriers with pH-switchable antifouling zwitterionic surfaces and blue fluorescence that are capable of enzyme-responsive drug release. The system combines tumor treatment and tracking. It shows great potential for cancer treatment, since it exhibits prolonged circulation in the blood system with zero premature release while offering selective cellular uptake, tumor labeling, and intracellular drug release in tumor tissue.
The Helmholtz Virtual Institute (VI) SolarSynGas brings together expertise from solar energy research and materials science to develop metal oxide based redox materials and to integrate them in a suitable way into rel...
The Helmholtz Virtual Institute (VI) SolarSynGas brings together expertise from solar energy research and materials science to develop metal oxide based redox materials and to integrate them in a suitable way into related process technologies for two-step thermochemical production of hydrogen and carbon monoxide from water and CO2. One of the foci of experimental investigation was exploring the impact of doping on the feasibility of ceria-based materials – mainly by Zr-doping. The results indicate that a certain Zr-content enhances the reducibility and therefore the splitting performance. Increasing the Zr-content to x = 0.15 improved the specific CO2-splitting performance by 50% compared to pure ceria. This finding agrees with theoretical studies attributing the improvements to lattice modification caused by the introduction of Zr4+. Thermogravimetric relaxation experiments and equilibrium oxygen isotope exchange experiments with subsequent depth profiling analysis were carried out on ceria. As a result the reduction reaction of even dense samples of pure ceria with a grain size of about 20 µm is surface reaction controlled. The structure of the derived expression for the apparent activation energy suggests that the chemical surface exchange coefficient should show only a very weak dependence on temperature for ceria doped with lower valence cations. A solar receiver reactor exhibiting a foam-type reticulated porous ceramics made of ceria was tested. It could be shown that applying dual-scale porosity to those foams with mm-size pores for effective radiative heat transfer during reduction and μm-size pores within its struts for enhanced kinetics during oxidation allows enhancing the performance of the reactor significantly. Also a particle process concept applying solid-solid heat recovery from redox particles in a high temperature solar thermochemical process was analysed that uses ceramic spheres as solid heat transfer medium. This concept can be implemented into
In order to study the feasibility of magnesium chloride hexahvgrate(MgCl2·6H2O) as a PCM under medium temperature, six hundred accelerated thermal cycle tests had been conducted under sealed and unsealed conditio...
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In order to study the feasibility of magnesium chloride hexahvgrate(MgCl2·6H2O) as a PCM under medium temperature, six hundred accelerated thermal cycle tests had been conducted under sealed and unsealed conditions. The melting temperature and the latent heat of fusion, crystalline structure and degree of supercooling were determined by differential scaning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and multiway temperature detector respectively. The results indicated that the decrease in latent heat of fusion of MgCl2·6H2O under unsealed condition was 54.2% and accompanied with a new phase MgCl2·4H2O after 200 cycles. The change in melting temperature, peak temperature of MgCl2·6H2O under sealed condition was ±1% and ±4% respectively, and the change in latent heat of fusion was and -15.2%-+1.5% except for the 300th melt/freeze cycle. MgCl2·6H2O solidified with a slight degree of supercooling in the range 0-2.2°C. It was indicated that MgCl2·6H2O under sealed condition was a promising phase change material for solar energy use under medium temperature.
The Casimir force between two surfaces is attractive in most cases. Although stable suspension of nano-objects has been achieved, the sophisticated geometries make them difficult to be merged with well-established thi...
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The Casimir force between two surfaces is attractive in most cases. Although stable suspension of nano-objects has been achieved, the sophisticated geometries make them difficult to be merged with well-established thin film processes. We find that by introducing thin film surface coating on porous substrates, a repulsive to attractive force transition is achieved when the separations are increased in planar geometries, resulting in a stable suspension of two surfaces near the force transition separation. Both the magnitude of the force and the transition distance can be flexibly tailored though modifying the properties of the considered materials, that is, thin film thickness, doping concentration, and porosity. This stable suspension can be used to design new nanodevices with ultralow friction. Moreover, it might be convenient to merge this thin film coating approach with micro- and nanofabrication processes in the future.
The dependence of the protective property on the corrosion product film formed on API-X52 pipeline steel was investigated using the electro-chemical hydrogen permeation method in acidic solution under various H2S part...
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