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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zebarjadi, Mona Tonni, Farjana Ferdous Yazawa, Kazuaki Shakouri, Ali Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA22904 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA22904 United States Purdue University 1205 W State St. West LafayetteIN47907 United States

We demonstrate enhanced Peltier cooling at the nanoscale using geometrical constriction. This nozzle structure leads to electron expansion under an applied bias, which in turn results in additional cooling. This extra cooling enhances the overall Peltier effect when the electrons are out of equilibrium with the lattice. An ensemble Monte Carlo simulation is used to demonstrate the non-equilibrium expansion of an electron gas using nanoscale trapezoidal geometric confinement. The proposed device operates under steady-state conditions, providing enhanced cooling compared to a one-dimensional flat geometry. We observe a five-fold increase in both the maximum cooling temperature and cooling power density, reaching more than 5 kW/cm2, when comparing the trapezoidal geometry to the regular flat geometry. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Solid state device structures

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Deep-Learning–Based Screening and Ancillary Testing for Thyroid Cytopathology

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American Journal of Pathology 2023年第9期193卷 1185-1194页

作者： Dov, David Elliott Range, Danielle Cohen, Jonathan Bell, Jonathan Rocke, Daniel J. Kahmke, Russel R. Weiss-Meilik, Ahuva Lee, Walter T. Henao, Ricardo Carin, Lawrence Kovalsky, Shahar Z. I-Medata AI Center Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Tel Aviv-Yafo Israel Department of Pathology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC United States Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences Duke University Medical Center Durham NC United States Department of Head and Neck Surgery Kaplan Medical Center Rehovot Israel Biological Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Duke University Durham NC United States Computer Science Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC United States

Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant endocrine tumor. The key test to assess preoperative risk of malignancy is cytologic evaluation of fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs). The evaluation findings can often be indeterminate, leading to unnecessary surgery for benign post-surgical diagnoses. We have developed a deep-learning algorithm to analyze thyroid FNAB whole-slide images (WSIs). We show, on the largest reported data set of thyroid FNAB WSIs, clinical-grade performance in the screening of determinate cases and indications for its use as an ancillary test to disambiguate indeterminate cases. The algorithm screened and definitively classified 45.1% (130/288) of the WSIs as either benign or malignant with risk of malignancy rates of 2.7% and 94.7%, respectively. It reduced the number of indeterminate cases (N = 108) by reclassifying 21.3% (N = 23) as benign with a resultant risk of malignancy rate of 1.8%. Similar results were reproduced using a data set of consecutive FNABs collected during an entire calendar year, achieving clinically acceptable margins of error for thyroid FNAB classification. © 2023 American Society for Investigative Pathology

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Scientometric Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Research in Agriculture 4

Scientometric Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Research i...

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4th International Conference on Informatics, Multimedia, Cyber and Information System, ICIMCIS 2022

作者： Maulana, Fairuz Iqbal Pramono, Andi Hamim, Miftahul Prihatin, Sukeipah Yuli Arifuddin, Rahman School of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Computer Science Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia School of Design Bina Nusantara University Interior Design Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia Binus Business School Bina Nusantara University Entrepreneurship Business Creation Jakarta11480 Indonesia Politeknik Kota Malang Informatics Study Program Malang Indonesia University of Merdeka Malang Department of Electrical Engineering Malang Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665473279

Artificial Intelligence Research in Agriculture has grown so common, and the potential they provide is so revolutionary that it is considered essential for competitive growth. Until we conducted this research, only 1064 academic documents on Trends of Artificial Intelligence Research in Agriculture that we found from 2012 to 2021 were obtained by searching the Scopus database. This study uses bibliometric analysis methods to map scientific publications worldwide. We use an article selection process, the year limitation, then the database is exported to RIS and CSV format files. Researchers in the United States had the most published articles and were indexed by Scopus among the most prolific authors ($\mathrm{N}=287$), followed by the United Kingdom at second ($\mathrm{N}=139$) and Italy with 66 academic publications. Data analysis reveals an increasing trend in the number of Trends of Artificial Intelligence Research in Agriculture publications worldwide, as measured by the Scopus index. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Agriculture

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Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of a 650 V/150 A e-GaN HEMT Sandwiched Between a PCB and DBC Substrate

Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of a 650 V/150 A e-GaN HEMT Sandw...

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IEEE Workshop on Wide Bandgap Power Devices and Applications (WiPDA)

作者： Carl Nicholas Filip Boshkovski Emmanuel Arriola Zichen Zhang Guo-Quan Lu Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA Center for Power Electronics Systems Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA

Following successful packaging of a 650 V/150 A e-GaN HEMT between a printed-circuit board and a direct-bond-copper substrate, this study evaluates the thermo-mechanical reliability of the sandwich-style package. Thermo-mechanical fatigue of both soldered and silver-sintered bonds in the package under temperature cycling was studied using ANSYS Mechanical. Deformation properties of eutectic lead-tin solder and sintered silver were modeled after Anand viscoplastic behavior. The inelastic volume-averaged strain energy density accumulated per thermal cycle at each bond was used as a metric of bond fatigue. Simulation results showed that the silver-sintered bond at the gate pad and the solder bond closest to the package center have the highest per-cycle strain energy density. Simulations also evaluated the effect of encapsulation materials on bond fatigue. It was found that using rigid encapsulants, such as one with a coefficient of thermal expansion of 14.9 ppm/°C and an elastic modulus of 17.5 GPa, instead of a commonly used silicone gel reduced the per-cycle bond fatigue by 97%. Findings of this study would help guide the development of high performing and high reliability packaging technology for the 650V/150A GaN HEMT.

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Eigenvalue-Based Micromagnetic Analysis of Switching in Spin-Torque-Driven Structures

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Physical Review Applied 2022年第3期17卷 034016-034016页

作者： Z. Lin I. Volvach X. Wang V. Lomakin Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA Center for Memory and Recording Research La Jolla California 92093 USA Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA

We present an eigenvalue-based approach for studying the magnetization dynamics in magnetic nanostructures driven by spintronic excitations, such as spin-transfer torque and spin-orbit torque. The approach represents the system dynamics in terms of normal oscillation modes (eigenstates) with corresponding complex eigenfrequencies. The dynamics is driven by a small number of active eigenstates and often considering just a single eigenstate is sufficient. We develop a perturbation theory that provides semianalytical dynamic solutions by using eigenstates for the case in the absence of damping and spintronic excitations as a basis. The approach provides useful insights into dynamics in such systems and allows solving several difficulties in their modeling, such as extracting the switching current in magnetic random-access memories and understanding switching mechanisms. We show that the presented approach directly predicts the critical switching current, i.e., switching current for an infinite time. The approach also provides solutions for the switching dynamics allowing the switching current to be obtained for a finite switching time, provided that the system symmetry is broken, e.g., by tilting the polarizer, so that switching by a finite pulse is possible.

关键词： Magnetization dynamics Spin transfer torque Spin-orbit torque Spintronics Devices for digital logic, storage & processing Landau-Lifschitz-Gilbert equation Micromagnetic modeling Perturbation theory

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Room-Temperature Switching of Perpendicular Magnetization by Magnon Torques

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Physical Review Applied 2023年第3期19卷 034039-034039页

作者： Guoyi Shi Fei Wang Hui Ru Tan Shishun Zhao Yakun Liu Dongsheng Yang Kyusup Lee Yuchen Pu Shuhan Yang Anjan Soumyanarayanan Hyunsoo Yang Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme NUS Graduate School National University of Singapore Singapore 119077 Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117576 Singapore Institute of Materials Research & Engineering Agency for Science Technology & Research (A*STAR) Singapore 138634 Singapore Department of Physics National University of Singapore Singapore 117551 Singapore

Electron-mediated spin torque provides a fast and efficient method to manipulate magnetization; however, electron motion inevitably brings about the generation of Joule heat and corresponding power consumption. Magnon-mediated spin torque, without involving moving electrons, could circumvent the energy dissipation issue. In this work, we fabricate a sandwich structure of topological insulator/antiferromagnetic insulator/ferromagnet with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. We find that the magnon current with spin angular momentum can traverse a 25-nm-thick antiferromagnetic NiO layer and effectively switch the perpendicular magnetization of Co−Fe−B at room temperature with a critical switching current density of 4.1 × 106A/cm2. The magnon torque efficiency is characterized using spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements to be 0.33 with a magnon diffusion length of 26.6 nm. Our work paves the way for manipulating perpendicular magnetization via magnon torques, facilitating the exploration of magnon-based spintronics with low power consumption.

关键词： Magnetic anisotropy Magnetization switching Magnons Spin-orbit torque Ferromagnets Magnetic insulators Magnetic multilayers Topological insulators

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EARLY DETECTION OF SIMULATED HERBIVORE ATTACKS IN SORGHUM FIELDS THROUGH THE DEPLOYMENT OF VERY-LOW-POWER GAS SENSOR NETWORK

EARLY DETECTION OF SIMULATED HERBIVORE ATTACKS IN SORGHUM FI...

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2022 Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Workshop, Hilton Head 2022

作者： Khan, Shakir-Ul Haque Tope, Sayali Karkhanis, Mohit Hataska, Bryan Noh, Seungbeom Dalapati, Rana Bulbul, Ashrafuzzaman Mural, Ravi V. Banerjee, Aishwaryadev Kim, Kyeongheon Schnable, James C. Ji, Mingyue Mastrangelo, Carlos Zang, Ling Kim, Hanseup Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Utah Salt Lake CityUT8411 United States Materials Science and Engineering University of Utah Salt Lake CityUT84112 United States Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska LincolnNE685 United States Department of Convergence Electronic Engineering Gyeongsang National University 52828 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781940470047

This paper reports a novel method of detecting simulated herbivore attacks (mechanical damages) on a plant by sensing emitted gas, which was enabled by developing and deploying a very-low-power gas sensor network in an actual sorghum farm. When a group of nearby sorghum leaves were cut (simulating herbivore attacks), the damaged plants started emitting a unique volatile organic compound (VOC) marker, hexanal, ultimately increasing its concentration up to 60 ppm in 62 minutes within an area of less than 1.0 m diameter from the cut point. The emitted hexanal was detected by a near-zero-power ( © 2022 TRF.

关键词： Damage detection

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Asymmetric Electrode Structure Induces Dual-Channel Phenomenon Under Hot-Carrier Stress in Organic Thin-Film Transistors

IEEE Electron Device Letters

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IEEE Electron Device Letters 2023年第9期44卷 1496-1499页

作者： Tu, Yu-Fa Huang, Jen-Wei Chang, Ting-Chang Hung, Yang-Hao Lu, I-Nien Zhou, Kuan-Ju Sun, Li-Chuan Chen, Yu-An Wu, Chia-Chuan Hung, Wei-Chieh Lee, Jason Lien, Chen-Hsin The Institute of Electronics Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Republic of China Military Academy The Department of Physics Kaohsiung83059 Taiwan National Sun Yat-sen University The Center of Crystal Research College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research The Department of Physics Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan National Sun Yat-sen University The Department of Physics Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan National Sun Yat-sen University The Department of Photonics Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan National Sun Yat-sen University The Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan National Sun Yat-sen University The Department of Electrical Engineering Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Boston University The Department of Computer Science BostonMA02215 United States

This study investigates the electrical mechanisms of the organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) with an asymmetric U-I electrode structure under hot-carrier stress (HCS). The threshold voltage shifts negatively and a dual-channel phenomenon occurs. In addition, the degradation behaviors of the linear and saturated ID-VG transfer curves are different. These are attributed to the non-uniform electric-field and heat distribution, which results in the non-uniform trapped holes in the organic-gate insulator-1 by charge trapping model during HCS. Finally, physical mechanisms based on COMSOL simulations and energy bands are proposed to clarify the degradation phenomena. © 1980-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Threshold voltage

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A probabilistic reduced-order modeling framework for patient-specific cardio-mechanical analysis

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Willems, Robin Förster, Peter Schöps, Sebastian van der Sluis, Olaf Verhoosel, Clemens V. Department of Mechanical Engineering Energy Technology and Fluid Dynamics Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands Department of Biomedical Engineering Cardiovascular Biomechanics Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Computational Science Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands Department of Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Computational Electromagnetics Technical University of Darmstadt Germany

Cardio-mechanical models can be used to support clinical decision-making. Unfortunately, the substantial computational effort involved in many cardiac models hinders their application in the clinic, despite the fact that they may provide valuable information. In this work, we present a probabilistic reduced-order modeling (ROM) framework to dramatically reduce the computational effort of such models while providing a credibility interval. In the online stage, a fast-to-evaluate generalized one-fiber model is considered. This generalized one-fiber model incorporates correction factors to emulate patient-specific attributes, such as local geometry variations. In the offline stage, Bayesian inference is used to calibrate these correction factors on training data generated using a full-order isogeometric cardiac model (FOM). A Gaussian process is used in the online stage to predict the correction factors for geometries that are not in the training data. The proposed framework is demonstrated using two examples. The first example considers idealized left-ventricle geometries, for which the behavior of the ROM framework can be studied in detail. In the second example, the ROM framework is applied to scan-based geometries, based on which the application of the ROM framework in the clinical setting is discussed. The results for the two examples convey that the ROM framework can provide accurate online predictions, provided that adequate FOM training data is available. The uncertainty bands provided by the ROM framework give insight into the trustworthiness of its results. Large uncertainty bands can be considered as an indicator for the further population of the training data set. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Gaussian distribution

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Experimental Evidence of t2g Electron-Gas Rashba Interaction Induced by Asymmetric Orbital Hybridization

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Physical Review Letters 2022年第18期129卷 187203-187203页

作者： G. J. Omar W. L. Kong H. Jani M. S. Li J. Zhou Z. S. Lim S. Prakash S. W. Zeng S. Hooda T. Venkatesan Y. P. Feng S. J. Pennycook L. Shen A. Ariando Department of Physics Faculty of Science National University of Singapore Singapore 117542 Singapore Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117575 Singapore Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117575 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117576 Singapore

We report the control of Rashba spin-orbit interaction by tuning asymmetric hybridization between Ti orbitals at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface. This asymmetric orbital hybridization is modulated by introducing a LaFeO3 layer between LaAlO3 and SrTiO3, which alters the Ti-O lattice polarization and traps interfacial charge carriers, resulting in a large Rashba spin-orbit effect at the interface in the absence of an external bias. This observation is verified through high-resolution electron microscopy, magnetotransport and first-principles calculations. Our results open hitherto unexplored avenues of controlling Rashba interaction to design next-generation spin orbitronics.

关键词： Magnetotransport Rashba coupling Spin-orbit coupling Complex oxides Two-dimensional electron gas Film deposition First-principles calculations High-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy Reflection high-energy electron diffraction

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