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arXiv 2025年

作者： Huijzer, Anne-Men Chaffey, Thomas Besselink, Bart van Waarde, Henk J. Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands CogniGron - Groningen Cognitive Systems and Materials Center Netherlands Control Group Department of Engineering University of Cambridge United Kingdom School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Sydney Australia

Energy-based learning algorithms are alternatives to backpropagation and are well-suited to distributed implementations in analog electronic devices. However, a rigorous theory of convergence is lacking. We make a first step in this direction by analysing a particular energy-based learning algorithm, Contrastive Learning, applied to a network of linear adjustable resistors. It is shown that, in this setup, Contrastive Learning is equivalent to projected gradient descent on a convex function, for any step size, giving a guarantee of convergence for the *** Codes 65K10, 68T05, 93B30, 93D99 © 2025, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Chiral, Topological, and Knotted Colloids in Liquid Crystals

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yuan, Ye Smalyukh, Ivan I. Hiroshima University Hiroshima Higashi-Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Department of Physics Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program Soft Materials Research Center University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States

The geometric shape, symmetry, and topology of colloidal particles often allow for controlling colloidal phase behavior and physical properties of these soft matter systems. In liquid crystalline dispersions, colloidal particles with low symmetry and nontrivial topology of surface confinement are of particular interest, including surfaces shaped as handlebodies, spirals, knots, multi-component links, and so on. These types of colloidal surfaces induce topologically nontrivial three-dimensional director field configurations and topological defects. Director switching by electric fields, laser tweezing of defects, and local photo-thermal melting of the liquid crystal host medium promote transformations among many stable and metastable particle-induced director configurations that can be revealed by means of direct label-free three-dimensional nonlinear optical imaging. The interplay between topologies of colloidal surfaces, director fields, and defects is found to show a number of unexpected features, such as knotting and linking of line defects, often uniquely arising from the nonpolar nature of the nematic director field. This review article highlights fascinating examples of new physical behavior arising from the interplay of nematic molecular order and both chiral symmetry and topology of colloidal inclusions within the nematic host. Furthermore, the article concludes with a brief discussion of how these findings may lay the groundwork for new types of topology-dictated self-assembly in soft condensed matter leading to novel mesostructured composite materials, as well as for experimental insights into the pure-math aspects of low-dimensional topology. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Crystal symmetry

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A Modular UAV Hardware Platform for Aerial Indoor Navigation Research and Development

A Modular UAV Hardware Platform for Aerial Indoor Navigation...

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International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS)

作者： Kyriakos M. Deliparaschos Savvas G. Loizou Argyrios C. Zolotas Electrical and Computer Engineering and Informatics Department Cyprus University of Technology Limassol Cyprusk Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Cyprus University of Technology Limassol Cyprus Centre for Autonomous and Cyber-Physical Systems SATM Cranfield University Cranfield UK

ISBN: (数字)9798350357882

ISBN: (纸本)9798350357899

This study introduces a specialised hardware plat-form designed for indoor navigation, featuring a quadrotor equipped with either a NVIDIA Jetson Nano or a Z-turn Zynq onboard computer. The onboard computer communicates via ROS2 with the flight controller, the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Ultra-WideBand (UWB) localisation system, stereo camera, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), and ultrasonic sensors. The focus is on creating a low-cost modular Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) system adaptable to various indoor navigation applications. The modular design encompasses different onboard computer platforms and sensor configurations, allowing for easy adaptation to research experiment setups. The objective is to facilitate the transition from simulated and simplified laboratory experiments to deploying aerial robots in challenging real-world conditions. The paper explores the hardware architecture and Robot Operating System 2 (ROS2)-based communication system of the UAV and provides a weight analysis and power estimation.

关键词： Measurement units Indoor navigation Operating systems Autonomous aerial vehicles Hardware Sensor systems Sensors

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A Preliminary Study on the Collaborative Playing Piano Automatic with Deep Learning

A Preliminary Study on the Collaborative Playing Piano Autom...

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IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Taiwan (ICCE-TW)

作者： Varinya Phanichraksaphong Karuna Yampray Department of Electronic Engineering International Graduate Program of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan College of Creative Design and Entertainment Technology Dhurakij Pundit University Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9798350386844

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386851

A great number of deep learning-based models have been recently proposed for automatic piano classification. In this paper, we describe our contribution to the challenge of automatic piano classification when the performer performs at the concert or stage. Among these models in deep learning, we use init-1D-WaveNet and init-2D-MLNet for comparison the accuracy in the piano beginning level of the Christmas song (Jingle bells). Our experimental results show that the assessment using the init-2D-MLNet still achieve high accuracy of 87.5%.

关键词： Deep learning Accuracy Instruments Collaboration Consumer electronics

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Design of Semiconductor Laser Drive Circuit Based on STM32

Design of Semiconductor Laser Drive Circuit Based on STM32

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IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy Applications (ICPEA)

作者： Shangkun Wang Junchao Zhang Xiaofeng Yang Shijia Guo Huanshuai Yan Bingshe Xu College of Electrical and Power Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China Department of Computer Engineering Shanxi Vocational University of Engineering Science and Technical College Yuci China Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering Taiyuan China

ISBN: (数字)9798350356113

ISBN: (纸本)9798350356120

A circuit using STM32 chip as the main control is designed to address the issue of semiconductor laser performance being easily affected by injection current and operating temperature. It can achieve high-precision and high stability constant current drive and constant temperature control, and has complete protection functions. The system adopts LT3080 The AD5160, TS5A3159 chips and sampling resistors have been designed with a constant current negative feedback circuit; Design a constant voltage limiting module using LM317 chip to ensure that the forward voltage of the semiconductor laser does not exceed the rated maximum value, and the slow start module slowly increases the current to the set value; The electrostatic protection circuit effectively avoids the damage of high-voltage static electricity and surge current to the laser; Design a temperature sampling module with ADN8834 as the core, and use incremental digital PID technology to control the heating or cooling of TEC. The experimental results show that this driving circuit can continuously adjust the current of the semiconductor laser, with a range of 0 to 100 mA. The current regulation accuracy has reached 0.01mA, and the stability has reached 0.02%; The temperature control accuracy within 10–40 °C is 0.01 °C, and the stability can reach 0.12%.

关键词： Accuracy Semiconductor lasers Laser feedback Laser stability Circuit stability Voltage control Protection Laser applications Surges Thermal stability

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Recent Advancements in Nanophotonics for Optofluidics

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yang, Sen Hong, Chuchuan Zhu, Guodong Anyika, Theodore Hong, Ikjun Ndukaife, Justus C. Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Beijing100190 China Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37240 United States

Optofluidics is dedicated to achieving integrated control of particle and fluid motion, particularly on the micrometer scale, by utilizing light to direct fluid flow and particle motion. The field has seen significant growth recently, driven by the concerted efforts of researchers across various scientific disciplines, notably for its successful applications in biomedical science. In this review, we explore a range of optofluidic architectures developed over the past decade, with a primary focus on mechanisms for precise control of micro and nanoscale biological objects and their applications in sensing. Regarding nanoparticle manipulation, we delve into mechanisms based on optical nanotweezers using nanolocalized light fields and light-based hybrid effects with dramatically improved performance and capabilities. In the context of sensing, we emphasize those works that used optofluidics to aggregate molecules or particles to promote sensing and detection. Additionally, we highlight emerging research directions, encompassing both fundamental principles and practical applications in the field. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Flow of fluids

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Measurements of CNT Forest Self-Assembly from In-situ ESEM Synthesis

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Surya, Ramakrishna Koerner, Gordon L. Hajilounezhad, Taher Safavigerdin, Kaveh Calyam, Prasad Bunyak, Filiz Palaniappan, Kannappan Maschmann, Matthew R. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Missouri ColumbiaMO65211 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Missouri ColumbiaMO65211 United States MU Materials Science and Engineering Institute University of Missouri ColumbiaMO65211 United States

Understanding and controlling the dynamic self-assembly mechanisms of carbon nanotube (CNT) forests is necessary to advance their technological impact. Here, in-situ environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis observes the real-time nucleation, assembly, delamination, and self-termination of dense (> 109 CNT/cm2), tall (> 100 µm) CNT forests in real time. Forest synthesis is continuously observed from nucleation to self-termination. Assembly forces generated near the substrate detach CNTs from the substrate, which simulation suggests requires approximately 10 nN of tensile force. Delamination initiates at both the CNT-catalyst and the catalyst-substrate interfaces, indicating multiple delamination mechanism. Digital image correlation applied to SEM image sequences measures time-invariant strain within growing forests, indicating that forests grow as rigid bodies after liftoff. The Meta CoTracker algorithm measured CNT growth rates reduce from 50 nm/sec to full termination over 150 seconds. This work provides a robust strategy to observe and measure CVD material synthesis in-situ using ESEM. The method is uniquely suited to observe population-based phenomena at both nanometer spatial resolution and at a highly scalable field of view. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes

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Reinforcement Learning-Based Fault-Tolerant Control of Uncertain Strict-Feedback Nonlinear Systems With Intermittent Actuator Faults

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IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems 2025年第6期36卷 10464-10478页

作者： Qinmin Yang Huaying Li Zhengwei Ruan Bo Fan Shuzhi Sam Ge State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology College of Control Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Hangzhou Huawei Communication Technology Company Ltd. Hangzhou China School of Automation Science and Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials National University of Singapore Queenstown Singapore

In this work, a novel reinforcement learning-based adaptive fault-tolerant control (FTC) scheme with actuator redundancy is presented for a nonlinear strict-feedback system with nonlinear dynamics and uncertainties. A learning-based switching function technique is established to steer different groups of actuators automatically and successively to mitigate the impact of faulty actuators by observing a switching performance index. The optimal tracking control problem (OTCP) of strict-feedback nonlinear systems is transformed into an equivalent optimal regulation problem of each affine subsystem via adaptive feedforward controllers. Subsequently, the designed objective functions associated with Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) estimate errors caused by neural network (NN) approximations can be minimized by the reinforcement learning algorithm without value or policy iterations. It is proved that the tracking objective can be achieved and all signals in the closed-loop system can be guaranteed to be bounded, as long as the minimum time interval between two successive failures is bounded. Theoretical results are verified by simulations.

关键词： Actuators Switches Fault tolerant systems Control systems Optimal control Redundancy Nonlinear dynamical systems Adaptive control Regulation Industrial control

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A Real-Time Detection Method of Non-Metallic Threats from Restored Image using Blended Image Network 3

A Real-Time Detection Method of Non-Metallic Threats from Re...

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3rd International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication, ICOSEC 2022

作者： Sukumar, Binu Balaji, A. Lakshmi, D. Karthikeyan, G. Sobitha, S. Mohanavel, V. R.M.K. Engineering College Department of Civil Engineering Chennai India Rajalakshmi Instittue of Technology Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Chennai India Panimalar Engineering College Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chennai India Sona College of Technology Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Salem India Saveetha School of Engineering Simats Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chennai India Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research Tamil Nadu Chennai600073 India Chandigarh University Department of Mechanical Engineering Punjab Mohali140413 India

ISBN: (数字)9781665497640

ISBN: (纸本)9781665497640

Due to its excellent garment penetration and safety, passive millimeter waves have been used in surveillance assessment. Nevertheless, limited resolution as well as inherent noise is problems with passive millimeter wave imaging (PMWs). The approaches that have been des cribed seldom improve the appearance of pictures for PMW and solely conduct detection system based on selecting relevant PMW that results in a high percentage of false alarms. Furthermore, the changes in grayscale make it challenging to distinguish low-reflective non-metallic dangers. An approach to finding hidden hazards in the human body is suggested in this research. To rebuild high-quality images using multi-source PMWs, this research study proposes a GAN framework. A unique image recognition pipeline is designed by incorporating feature extraction, image normalization, and a thorough analyzer models. The registering system is suggested for analyzing the peronal data as well as the reduction of false alarms, while the categorization network uses multi-scale characteristics to combine the local and global data in both PMWs as well as visible images to gain accurate shape and performance indicators. Allows the prediction for metallic and non-metallic objects may be done using the grayscale and contour characteristics, accordingly. The recognition findings of each individual frame are then combined using a synthetic method. The efficiency of each module and that of the suggested approach is assessed by using the experimental measurements. With 92.35% accuracy and 90.3% recall, experimental findings show that the proposed technique functions better than the other existing techniques. It also has a high detection rate. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Image compression

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Application of 3D Printing and Design in Healthcare: A Focus on Undergraduate Research to Attract Students to Bioengineering and Related Disciplines

Application of 3D Printing and Design in Healthcare: A Focus...

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Frontiers in Education (FIE) Conference

作者： Cindy M. Zelada-Quiroz Brian L. Reyes-Santiago Eduardo I. Ortiz-Rivera Bio-Engineering Graduate Program University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez Mayagüez PR Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez Mayagüez PR Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez Mayagüez PR

ISBN: (数字)9798350351507

ISBN: (纸本)9798350363067

This research-to-practice paper describes developing and analyzing state-of-the-art smart boots created by combining CAD technology and advanced 3D printing techniques to attract students in bio-engineering and related fields. The primary objective of this innovative immobilization boot is to expedite fracture recovery phases through an ergonomic design to ensure optimal patient comfort during its use. Technological solutions are crucial in aiding the rehabilitation process for fractures caused by falls, heavy lifting, or rotational trauma. However, cost and comfort-related issues persist, underscoring the need for alternative approaches. This research addresses these challenges and delves into the broader implications of fracture treatment, catalyzing future projects and investigations in bioengineering. Additionally, this study serves as an educational tool that sparks the interest of high school and engineering students, promoting multidisciplinary collaboration in innovation. By involving students in specialized courses covering 3D design, human bone anatomy, biology, and materials science, this initiative empowers them to deepen their knowledge and develop new technologies to address bone injury problems. Material analyses include evaluating the type of material depending on the fracture site, such as PLA for printing and cotton and silicone gel for the midsection between the splint and the body. This research aims to advance our understanding of the type of fracture, the methods associated with their treatment, and tissue repair processes during bone callus formation. To summarize, this multidisciplinary approach drives advancements in bio-engineering and related fields, aiming to enhance patient outcomes and inspire students to pursue further research in bio-engineering and related fields. As part of this endeavor, a list of university-level courses based on the experience of the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez (UPRM), such as biology, bio-materials, 3D

关键词： Technological innovation materials science and technology Three-dimensional displays Tissue engineering Medical services Three-dimensional printing Bones Mechanical factors Manufacturing Sparks

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