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Correlations between water quality and precipitation in areas with different levels of human occupation

International Journal of Energy and Water Resources 2021年第1期5卷 25-31页

作者： Rodrigues, Lucas Augusto Pereira Radomski, Fernando Aparecido Dias Godoy, Rodrigo Felipe Bedim Trevisan, Elias Crisigiovanni, Enzo Luigi Department of Environment State University of Maringá Maringá-PR Brazil Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering Federal University of Paraná Curitiba-PR Brazil Graduate Program in Forest Sciences Unicentro Guarapuava-PR Brazil

Riverine water is largely used for human consumption and it is well known that its quality is correlated to many external factors. Because of that, this study evaluated linear correlations between precipitation and several water quality parameters using data collected from Antas’ river (Paraná, Brazil) at locations with different levels of human occupation aiming to identify water quality irregularities related to these important external factors, especially at a point surrounded by preserved vegetation. The statistical analyses were made using Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient (r) and the open source programming software, R. The results showed that precipitation has moderate to strong correlation with turbidity, true color, total coliforms and E. coli (0.99 ≥ r ≥ 0.44), and also has weak to moderate correlations with pH (− 0.39 ≥ r ≥ − 0.58) and biochemical oxygen demand (0.48 ≥ r ≥ 0.36), regardless of the level of human occupation nearby. The high correlations observed for E. coli and total coliforms in an area protected by native vegetation, probably due to adjacent rural activities, represents a novel and major finding. Dissolved oxygen and temperature showed no significant correlations with rainfall volume (0.26 ≥ r ≥ − 0.19). Since Brazilian law ensures that water quality parameters must be measured and considered in projects of water resources management, the proposed methodology seems to be promising for government policies applications, since it comprises only simple analyzes and a free software for simulations. © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2021.

关键词： Hydrology R software Rainfall Spatial data Statistical analysis

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Front Cover: Potassium Carbonate as a Low-Cost and Highly Active Solid Base Catalyst for Low-Temperature Methanolysis of Polycarbonate (ChemSusChem 2/2025)

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ChemSusChem 2025年第2期18卷

作者： Tzu-Ming Lin Philip Anggo Krisbiantoro Miyu Sato Yu-Chia Chang Eduardo C. Atayde Dr. Weisheng Liao Prof. Yuichi Kamiya Dr. Ryoichi Otomo Prof. Kevin C.-W. Wu Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan Molecular Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan Graduate School of Environmental Science Hokkaido University Nishi 5 Kita 10 Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0810 Japan Department of Chemistry National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan Faculty of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido University Nishi 5 Kita 10 Kita-ku Sapporo Japan Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Yuan Ze University Chung-Li Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan City 320 Taiwan

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The technological potential of agro-industrial residue from grape pulping(Vitis spp.)for application in meat products:A review

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Food Bioscience 2022年第5期49卷 40-49页

作者： Marcelo Edvan dos Santos Silva Cristiani Viegas Brandao Grisi Suzana Pedroza da Silva Marta Suely Madruga Fabio Anderson Pereira da Silva Post-Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology Department of Food EngineeringTechnology CentreFederal University of ParaibaJoao PessoaParaiba58051-900Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Agrifood Technology Federal University of ParaibaCampus Universitario IIIBananeirasPBBrazil Federal University of Pernambuco’s Agreste Av.Bom PastorBoa Vista55296-901GaranhunsPEBrazil

This review aimed to investigate the technological potential of grape pomace for application in the meat industry,approaching the compounds of interest and presenting the challenges of its application in meat *** pomace contains bioactive and nutritional compounds with beneficial properties for maintaining the physical-chemical,sensory,and nutritional quality of meat and its *** studies have reported the presence of fiber,amino acids,essential fatty acids and minerals capable of increasing the nutritional value of meat products and promoting a nutrient supply when associated with animal ***,the bioactive composition of grape pomace has anthocyanins,flavanols and phenolic acids capable of increasing the shelf life of meat products,inhibiting microbial development,and delaying the oxidative processes responsible for the deterioration of sensory and nutritional *** use of nano and microencapsulation technologies and the use of active packaging as carriers of grape pomace extracts enhance their application in meat and meat *** technologies,applied individually or together,promote the controlled release of bioactive compounds during the storage and mask undesirable flavors promoted by phenolic *** addition to the technological potential,the use of grape pomace by the meat industry meets the current demand for the use of natural additives and is in accordance with the sustainable development objectives established by the United Nations Organization,reducing environmental impacts and allowing the obtaining molecules with high added value from industrial waste.

关键词： Natural antioxidant Grape bagasse Meat products Bioactive compounds Oxidation Waste reuse

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When quantum dots meet blue phase liquid crystal elastomers:visualized full-color and mechanically-switchable circularly polarized luminescence

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Light(science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1210-1220页

作者： Shan Li Yuqi Tang Qingyan Fan Ziyuan Li Xinfang Zhang Jingxia Wang Jinbao Guo Quan Li Key Laboratory of Carbon Fibers and Functional Polymers Ministry of Educationand College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology100029BeijingChina Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing211189China Materials Science Graduate Program Kent State UniversityKentOH44242USA CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Sciences Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences100190BeijingChina

Polymer-based circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)materials with the advantage of diversified structure,easy fabrication,high thermal stability,and tunable properties have garnered considerable ***,adequate and precise tuning over CPL in polymer-based materials remains challenging due to the difficulty in regulating chiral ***,visualized full-color CPL is achieved by doping red,green,and blue quantum dots(QDs)into reconfigurable blue phase liquid crystal elastomers(BPLCEs).In contrast to the CPL signal observed in cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers(CLCEs),the chiral 3D cubic superstructure of BPLCEs induces an opposite CPL ***,this effect is entirely independent of photonic bandgaps(PBGs)and results in a high glum value,even without matching between PBGs and the emission bands of ***,the lattice structure of the BPLCEs can be reversibly switched via mechanical stretching force,inducing on-off switching of the CPL signals,and these variations can be further fixed using dynamic disulfide bonds in the ***,the smart polymer-based CPL systems using the BPLCEs for anti-counterfeiting and information encryption have been demonstrated,suggesting the great potential of the BPLCEs-based CPL active materials.

关键词： circular quantum crystal

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Friction riveting (‘FricRiveting’) of 6056 T6 aluminium alloy and polyamide 6: influence of rotational speed on the formation of the anchoring zone and on mechanical performance

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Welding International 2017年第7期31卷 509-518页

作者： Cordeiro de Proença, Bruno Blaga, Lucian Fernandez dos Santos, Jorge Bresciani Canto, Leonardo de Traglia Amancio Filho, Sergio Post-Graduate Programme in Materials Science and Engineering Universidade Federal de São Carlos–UFSCar São Carlos Brazil Centre for Materials and Coastal Research Institute of Materials Research Materials Mechanics Solid State Joining Processes Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Geesthacht Germany Institute of Polymer Composites Hamburg University of Technology Hamburg Germany

Metal-polymer hybrid structures can be used as an alternative solution for reducing weight and fuel consumption in the transport industry, which aims to minimise the emission of harmful gases that have a greenhouse effect. Friction riveting is a relatively new technique for joining metal-polymer hybrid structures. The process is based on the generation of frictional heat between the components, resulting in the plastic deformation of the end of the metal rivet, which is anchored inside the polymer component. This study assessed the technical feasibility of joining AA 6056 T6 and PA6, focusing on the influence of the rotational speed of the rivet on the mechanical performance of the joints. The maximum temperature reached during the process increased with the rotational speed, from 291 ± 6 °C with 10,000 rev/min to 375 ± 5 °C with 15,000 rev/min. The use of higher rotational speeds led to the tip of the rivet undergoing plastic deformation during the friction phase. This produced mechanically stronger joints, because the metal rivet was anchored more securely in the polymer block. The AA 6056 T6-PA6 joints perform well in terms of tensile strength, reaching 85% of the tensile strength of the metal rivet. We therefore confirmed that it is possible to join AA 6056 T6 and PA6 using the technique of friction riveting, and that rotational speed directly affects the tensile strength of the joints. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Tensile strength

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Reuse of sodium–doped iridium oxide nanoparticles as a bio–stimulating electrode by a chemical and electrochemical recovery process

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Ceramics International 2024年第4期50卷 6220-6228页

作者： Tso, Kuang-Chih Chen, Chieh-Hsuan Chen, Po-Chun Li, Shao-Sian Chen, Jeng-Lung Ohta, Jun Wu, Pu-Wei Division of Materials Science Graduate School of Science and Technology Nara Institute of Science and Technology Nara630-0192 Japan Graduate Degree Program of Science and Technology of Accelerator Light Source National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300 Taiwan Institute of Materials Science and Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Taipei106 Taiwan National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu300 Taiwan

A sequential chlorination and electrochemical reduction process is demonstrated to convert Na–doped iridium oxide nanoparticles into useful IrIIICl63−(aq) serving as the precursor for the fabrication of bio–stimulating electrode. The Na–doped iridium oxide nanoparticles are treated in 35 wt% hydrochloric acid at 70 °C for 18 h to form IrIVCl62−(aq) with pH of 0.3, so the latter could be readily reduced to IrIIICl63−(aq) at a potentiostatic mode of 0.6 V (vs. SCE). The oxidation state and the nature of complexing ligands for the regenerated IrIIICl63− and IrIVCl62−, as well as commercially available IrIIICl63− are validated by X–ray Absorption Spectroscopy. UV–Vis profiles of regenerated IrIVCl62−(aq) are recorded and the absorbance at 487 nm signal is benchmarked against that of standard IrIVCl62−(aq) to obtain the effective regeneration ratio of 68.6%. X–ray diffraction patterns of Na–doped iridium oxide nanoparticles before and after the annealing treatment indicate the amorphous structure facilitates the chlorination step. The regenerated IrIIICl63− is reused to synthesize Na–doped iridium oxide thin film serving as a bio–stimulating electrode for implantable bio–electronics. The regenerated Na–doped iridium oxide thin film reveals a charge-storage capacity of 0.32 mC/cm2-nm and impressive stability that are comparable to those of fresh Na–doped iridium oxide thin film derived from commercially available IrIIICl63−. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

关键词： Transition metal oxides

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Artificial optoelectronic synapse based on spatiotemporal irradiation to source-sharing circuitry of synaptic phototransistors

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InfoMat 2024年第2期6卷 131-141页

作者： Seungho Song Changsoon Choi Jongtae Ahn Je-Jun Lee Jisu Jang Byoung-Soo Yu Jung Pyo Hong Yong-Sang Ryu Yong-Hoon Kim Do Kyung Hwang Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices Post-Silicon Semiconductor InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)SeoulRepublic of Korea School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea Center for Spintronics Post-Silicon Semiconductor InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)SeoulRepublic of Korea Division of Nanoscience&Technology KIST SchoolUniversity of Science and Technology(UST)SeoulRepublic of Korea School of Biomedical Engineering Korea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea

To overcome the intrinsic inefficiency of the von Neumann architecture,neuromorphic devices that perform analog vector–matrix multiplication have been highlighted for achieving power-and time-efficient data *** particular,artificial synapses,of which conductance should be programmed to represent the synaptic weights of the artificial neural network,have been intensively researched to realize neuromorphic ***,inspired by excitatory and inhibitory synapses,we develop an artificial optoelectronic synapse that shows both potentiation and depression characteristics triggered only by optical *** design of the artificial optoelectronic synapse,in which excitatory and inhibitory synaptic phototransistors are serially connected,enables these characteristics by spatiotemporally irradiating the phototransistor channels with optical ***,a negative synaptic weight can be realized without the need for electronic components such as *** such attributes,the artificial optoelectronic synapse is demonstrated to classify three digits with a high recognition rate(98.3%)and perform image preprocessing via analog vector-matrix multiplication.

关键词： amorphous oxide semiconductor analog processing artificial synapse neuromorphic optoelectronics

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Low-Temperature Methanolysis of Polycarbonate over Solid Base Sodium Aluminate

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Langmuir 2024年第10期40卷 5338-5347页

作者： Krisbiantoro, Philip Anggo Sato, Miyu Lin, Tzu-Ming Chang, Yu-Chia Peng, Tzu-Yun Wu, Yun-Chih Liao, Weisheng Kamiya, Yuichi Otomo, Ryoichi Wu, Kevin C.-W. Molecular Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Graduate School of Environmental Science Hokkaido University Nishi 5 Kita 10 Sapporo060-0810 Japan Faculty of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido University Nishi 5 Kita 10 Sapporo060-0810 Japan Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Yuan Ze University Taoyuan320 Taiwan

Herein, a low-cost and readily available sodium aluminate (NaAlO2) was used as a solid base catalyst for the depolymerization of polycarbonate (PC) via methanolysis in the presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a solvent. NaAlO2 was highly active for the reaction, and the performance was comparable to that of soluble strong base SrO and much higher than those of MgO and CaO. By the reaction over the catalyst, a highly pure and crystalline bisphenol A (BPA) was obtained. Among tested organic solvents, THF was the best in aiding PC methanolysis over NaAlO2 due to the polarity similar to PC according to Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs). At 60 °C, 98.1% PC conversion and 96.8% BPA yield were achieved within just 2 h. NaAlO2 was reusable without any severe catalyst deactivation in at least four runs. The mechanistic study revealed that the reaction proceeded via the methoxide pathway, with THF aiding the dissolution of PC. The reaction over NaAlO2 possessed a low apparent activation energy (Ea) of 75.1 kJ mol-1, which is the lowest ever reported so far for the reaction over solid catalysts. © 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.

关键词： Sodium Aluminate

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Bioplastics from orange processing waste and poly(lactic acid)

Future Foods

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Future Foods 2025年 11卷

作者： Laís T. Possari Marina S. de Paula George F. Nunes Iago A. Reis Marcos V. Basaglia Caio G. Otoni Sílvia H.P. Bettini Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PPGCEM) São Carlos SP 13565-905 Brazil Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa) São Carlos SP 13565-905 Brazil University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Institute of Chemistry Campinas SP 13083-862 Brazil

Bioplastics have the potential to mitigate the aggravating crisis of plastic pollution. Valorizing agri-food side streams for such a purpose is particularly beneficial as it valorizes massively produced waste, thus contributing to the shift towards circular and regenerative productive chains. In this work, citrus pulp (CP) obtained as a by-product from orange juice production was upcycled into thermoplastic compounds via extrusion-assisted plasticization with glycerol. Compounds with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were then produced by extrusion melt blending. An experimental 2² factorial design with a central point was performed to evaluate their mechanical, thermal, and biodegradation behavior. The levels for the variables plasticized CP (PCP) and glycerol contents were 30 and 70 % for PCP, and 40 and 60 % for glycerol. Calorimetry showed that PCP increased PLA free volume and chain mobility. Still, the different fractions of PCP and glycerol did not alter the melting behavior of the compounds significantly. PCP led to a progressive toughening effect on PLA. Mass loss after 90 d of soil burial reached 53–64 % for the formulations containing 70 % PCP, and PLA chain scission was accelerated at 30 % PCP with 60 % glycerol, and 70 % PCP with 40 % glycerol. This work opens new pathways to citrus biomass valorization by exploring CP, a scarcely investigated residue, and a novel processing strategy. The produced compounds can be applied as bio-based semi-rigid packaging and utensils.

关键词： Biodegradable plastic PLA Biomass Food waste Upcycling Citrus sinensis

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Thermomechanical Characterization of Hot Surface Ignition Device Using Phenomenological Heat Flux Model

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JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER 2022年第4期38卷 656-670页

作者： Kang, Sang-Guk Ryu, Je Ir Motily, Austen H. Numkiatsakul, Prapassorn Lee, Tonghun Kriven, Waltraud M. Kim, Kenneth S. Kweon, Chol-Bum M. U.S. Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground MD 21005 Aerospace Engineer Weapons and Materials Research Directorate Postdoctoral Fellow Computational and Information Sciences Directorate University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 Graduate Student Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering. Student Member AIAA Graduate Student Department of Materials Science and Engineering Professor Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering. Associate Fellow AIAA Professor Department of Materials Science and Engineering Mechanical Engineer Computational and Information Sciences Directorate. Member AIAA Program Manager Computational and Information Sciences Directorate. Member AIAA.

Modern aircraft compression ignition engines that seek to achieve fuel-flexible operation require ignition-assisting devices to perform reliably. Many military propulsion systems, and unmanned aircraft in particular, can use hot surface energy addition to improve engine performance. An analysis of the thermomechanical stress behavior of hot surface ignition devices is therefore critical to ensure that they can satisfy new operational requirements. In this paper, a phenomenological heat-flux model is proposed to simulate heat generation inside a heating element. Two finite element analysis models are established using the proposed heat-flux model in order to characterize the transient thermomechanical behavior of an ignition assistant: a two-dimensional (2-D) axisymmetric model with an equivalent cylindrical heating element and a three-dimensional (3-D) solid model with realistic heating element geometry. The transient behavior of the ignition assistant is investigated at standard conditions by characterizing the temperature and thermal stress inside the device for various input voltages. The effect of the nonaxisymmetric heating element geometry on the temperature and thermal stress distribution is assessed. Furthermore, the 3-D ignition assistant model is used to analyze the thermomechanical behavior of an ignition device subjected to a combustion event inside a rapid compression machine. Multiple circumferential orientations of the heating element plane relative to the spray axis are investigated. Results demonstrate that the observed maximum principal stress depends significantly on heating element orientation.

关键词： Heat Flux Stress Distribution Heat Generation Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Propulsion System Surface Energy Adaptive Mesh Refinement Fuel Injection CFD Simulation Fracture Toughness

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