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14th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC 2025

作者： Sturdivant, Maurice Grainger, Brandon Bracken, Christopher Ohodnicki, Paul University of Pittsburgh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States University of Pittsburgh Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516116

As electric vehicle (EV) technology matures, the need for compact and efficient power electronics will continue to grow. To increase power density and efficiency, it is ideal to minimize the size and power loss of components, including inductors. A standard inductor design technique is placing an air gap in the magnetic core, allowing designers to tune the inductance and allow higher levels of magnetic field without saturation. The inclusion of gaps can increase the total magnetic core loss beyond those predicted by common models such as the Steinmetz equation, creating the need for accurate gap loss models. In this study, the losses of a nanocrystalline inductor core are experimentally measured and compared to an existing gap loss model, showing significant agreement with predicted values. The model was then integrated into a multi-objective optimization framework to evaluate the fitness of nanocrystalline cores against ferrite cores at different switching frequencies. This work finds that gap losses can increase the total loss of nanocrystalline inductors by up to an order of magnitude as frequency increases, implying that consideration of gap losses is vital to selecting the appropriate core material for design applications. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Magnetic cores

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Slip-band-driven dynamic recrystallization mediated strain hardening in HfNbTaTiZr refractory high entropy alloy

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材料科学技术（英文版） 2025年第6期209卷 240-250页

作者： Long Xu Yuefei Jia Yueli Ma Yandong Jia Shiwei Wu Chao Chen Hongyu Ding Jieren Guan Xinfeng Kan Rui Wang Gang Wang Marine Equipment and Technology Institute Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212003China Institute of Materials Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117575Singapore

Refractory high-entropy alloys(RHEAs)exhibit outstanding strength at room temperature,but their high-temperature applications are hindered by severe ***,we report slip-band-driven dy-namic recrystallization to enhance the high-temperature strain hardening of HfNbTaTiZr *** intro-ducing partial lattice defects through hot forging,we increase the nucleation sites for dynamic recrys-tallization during subsequent thermomechanical deformation,thus suppressing the strain-softening *** reveal that the high-temperature deformation is governed by the formation of heterogeneous bimodal grains along slip bands,which effectively constrain dislocation motion and improve strength,while microbands prevent premature *** fracture mode also changes from ductile to mixed to cleavage-dominated with increasing *** results demonstrate a simple and effective method for overcoming high-temperature strain-softening for BCC high entropy alloys.

关键词： Refractory high-entropy alloy High-temperature strain-softening Slip band Recrystallization

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Analysis of void formation and crack propagation at grain boundaries in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy

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Keikinzoku/Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 2025年第2期75卷 96-102页

作者： Tsuchiya, Shota Shimizu, Kazuyuki Kamada, Yasuhiro Toda, Hiroyuki Fujihara, Hiro Hirayama, Kyosuke Koyama, Motomichi Uesugi, Masayuki Takeuchi, Akihisa Faculty of Science and Engineering Iwate University 4-3-5 Ueda Iwate Morioka-shi020-8551 Japan Faculty of Engineering Tottori University Tottori-shi Tottori Japan Department of Physical Science and Materials Engineering Iwate University Iwate Morioka-shi Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Kyusyu University Fukuoka-shi Fukuoka Japan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto-shi Kyoto Japan Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Sendai-shi Miyagi Japan Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute Sayo-gun Hyogo Japan

Hydrogen embrittlement in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys is suggested to originate from debonding of the η phase interface. Previous studies have shown that intragranular T phase precipitation, facilitated by increased Mg content, contributes to the mitigation of quasi-cleavage fracture. However, the role of T phase precipitation on the grain boundary in suppressing intergranular fracture remains unclear. In this study, in-situ observational techniques were used to examine the relationship between grain boundary precipitates and hydrogen-induce intergranular cracking. Obtained results showed that while the T phase precipitates in the matrix of Mg-enhanced alloy, the η phase predominates on grain boundaries, which lead intergranular fracture. The presence of numerous voids at intergranular crack tips suggests that void nucleation along grain boundaries and subsequent coalescence is the primary mechanism of crack propagation. The observed void formation at η phase interfaces is consistent with first-principles calculations and supports the concept that intergranular fracture originates from debonding at η phase interfaces. © 2025 The Japan Institute of Light Metals.

关键词： Grain boundaries

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Modulated FeWO_(4)electronic structure via P doping on nitrogen-doped porous carbon for improved oxygen reduction activity in zinc-air batteries

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Rare Metals 2025年第1期44卷 240-252页

作者： Yue Gong Dai-Jie Deng Huan Wang Jian-Chun Wu Lin-Hua Zhu Cheng Yan He-Nan Li Li Xu Institute for Energy Research School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Reuse of Hainan ProvinceHainan Normal UniversityHaikou 571158China School of Mechanical Medical and Process EngineeringQueensland University of Technology(QUT)BrisbaneQLD 4001Australia

As a catalyst of the air cathode in zinc-air batteries,tungstic acid ferrous(FeWO_(4)),a nanoscale transition metal tungstate,shows a broad application prospect in the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).While FeWO_(4)possesses favorable electrochemical properties and thermodynamic stability,its intrinsic semiconductor characteristics result in a relatively slow electron transfer rate,limiting the ORR catalytic *** this work,the electronic structure of FeWO_(4)is significantly modulated by introducing phosphorus(P)atoms with abundant valence *** P doping can adjust the electronic structure of FeWO_(4)and then optimize oxygen-containing intermediates'absorption/desorption efficiency to achieve improved ORR ***,the sodium chloride template is utilized to construct a porous carbon framework for anchoring phosphorus-doped iron tungstate(P-FeWO_(4)/PNC).The porous carbon skeleton provides numerous active sites for the absorption/desorption and redox reactions on the P-FeWO_(4)/PNC surface and serves as mass transport channels for reactants and *** P-FeWO_(4)/PNC demonstrates ORR performance(E1/2=0.86 V ***).Furthermore,the zinc-air batteries incorporating the P-FeWO_(4)/PNC composite demonstrate an increased peak power density(172.2 mW·cm^(-2)),high specific capacity(810.1 mAh·g^(-1)),and sustained long-term cycling stability lasting up to 240 *** research not only contributes to the advancement of cost-effective tungsten-based non-precious metallic ORR catalysts,but also guides their utilization in zinc-air batteries.

关键词： Oxygen reduction reaction FeWO_(4) P doping Electronic structure Zinc-air batteries

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3D Printed Gear-Based Quasi-Zero Stiffness Vibration Isolation Metastructure

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Journal of Bionic engineering 2025年第2期22卷 767-782页

作者： Gexin Wang Jianyang Li Yan Liu Kunyan Wang Luquan Ren Qingping Liu Lei Ren Bingqian Li Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering(Ministry of Education) Jilin UniversityChangchun130022China Advanced Materials Thrust The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(Guangzhou)Guangzhou511400China School of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil EngineeringUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM139PLUK

Traditional linear vibration isolators struggle to combine high load-bearing capacity with low-frequency vibration isolation, whereas nonlinear metastructure isolators can effectively fulfill both functions. This paper draws inspiration from the Quasi-Zero Stiffness (QZS) characteristics resulting from the buckling deformation of beams, and proposes a gear-based QZS structure by arranging beams in a circular array. We investigated the static mechanical behavior under different structural parameters, loading angles, and gear combinations through experiments and simulations, and demonstrated the mechanical performances could be effectively programmed. Subsequent vibration isolation tests on the double gears prove superior vibration isolation performance at low frequency while maintaining high load-bearing capacities. Additionally, a key contribution of our work is the development of a mathematical model to characterize the buckling behavior of the unit beam within the gear structure, with its accuracy validated through finite element analysis and experimental results. The gear’s modulus, number of teeth, and pressure angle are selected according to standard series, allowing the gear can be seamlessly integrated into existing mechanical systems in critical fields such as aerospace, military, and etc.

关键词： 3D Printing Vibration Isolation Quasi-zero stiffness Gear Metastructure

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In Situ Partial-Cyclized Polymerized Acrylonitrile-Coated NCM811 Cathode for High-Temperature≥100℃ Stable Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第8期17卷 399-415页

作者： Jiayi Zheng Haolong Jiang Xieyu Xu Jie Zhao Xia Ma Weiwei Sun Shuangke Liu Wei Xie Yufang Chen ShiZhao Xiong Hui Wang Kai Xie Yu Han Maoyi Yi Chunman Zheng Qingpeng Guo College of Aerospace Science and Engineering National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073People’s Republic of China Changsha New Energy Innovation Institute Changsha 410083People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049People’s Republic of China Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093People’s Republic of China

High-nickel ternary cathodes hold a great application prospect in solid-state lithium metal batteries to achieve high-energy density,but they still suffer from structural instability and detrimental side reactions with the solid-state *** circumvent these issues,a continuous uniform layer polyacrylonitrile(PAN)was introduced on the surface of LiNi_(0.8)Mn_(0.1)Co_(0.1)O_(2) via in situ polymerization of acrylonitrile(AN).Furthermore,the partial-cyclized treatment of PAN(cPAN)coating layer presents high ionic and electron conductivity,which can accelerate interfacial Li+and electron diffusion *** the thermodynamically stabilized cPAN coating layer cannot only effectively inhibit detrimental side reactions between cathode and solid-state electrolytes but also provide a homogeneous stress to simultaneously address the problems of bulk structural degradation,which contributes to the exceptional mechanical and electrochemical stabilities of the modified ***,the coordination bond interaction between the cPAN and NCM811 can suppress the migration of Ni to elevate the stability of the crystal *** from these,the In-cPAN-260@NCM811 shows excellent cycling performance with a retention of 86.8%after 300 cycles and superior rate *** endow the solid-state battery with thermal safety stability even at hightemperature extreme *** facile and scalable surface engineering represents significant progress in developing high-performance solid-state lithium metal batteries.

关键词： Solid-state lithium metal battery Ni-rich cathode Interface engineering In situ partial-cyclized PAN High-temperature resistance

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Machine-Learning-Assisted Compositional Design of Refractory High-Entropy Alloys with Optimal Strength and Ductility

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engineering 2025年第3期46卷 214-223页

作者： Cheng Wen Yan Zhang Changxin Wang Haiyou Huang Yuan Wu Turab Lookman Yanjing Su School of Mechanical and Power Engineering Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 529500China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Corrosion and Protection Center University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China AiMaterials Research LLC Santa FeNM 87501USA

Designing refractory high-entropy alloys(RHEAs)for high-temperature(HT)applications is an outstanding challenge given the vast possible composition space,which contains billions of candidates,and the need to optimize across multiple ***,we present an approach that accelerates the discovery of RHEA compositions with superior strength and ductility by integrating machine learning(ML),genetic search,cluster analysis,and experimental *** iteratively synthesize and characterize 24 predicted compositions after six feedback *** compositions show outstanding combinations of HT yield strength and room-temperature(RT)ductility spanning the ranges of 714–1061 MPa and 17.2%–50.0%fracture strain,*** identify an attractive alloy system,ZrNbMoHfTa,particularly the composition Zr_(0.13)Nb_(0.27)Mo_(0.26)Hf_(0.13)Ta_(0.21),which demonstrates a yield approaching 940 MPa at 1200℃ and favorable RT ductility with 17.2%fracture *** high yield strength at 1200℃ exceeds that reported for RHEAs,with 1200℃ exceeding the service temperature limit for nickel(Ni)-based *** ML-based approach makes it possible to rapidly optimize multiple properties for materials design,thus overcoming the common problems of limited data and a vast composition space in complex materials systems while satisfying multiple objectives.

关键词： Machine learning Refractory high-entropy alloys Multi-objective optimization Strength-ductility design

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Degradation Performance of the Polymer Material Embedded with the Single Bubble Defect Extracted from CT Detection at Different Angles by 3D Printing

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Journal of materials engineering and Performance 2025年 1-12页

作者： Li, Yong Yao, Jinshuai Miao, Yanan Chen, Long Liu, Xunchen Zheng, Kai Han, Shanling College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao266590 China College of Safety and Environmental Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao266590 China College of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao266590 China Co. Ltd Qingdao266111 China

Predicting the performance degradation of defective materials is a significant challenge in solid mechanics, primarily due to the oversimplification of highly irregular defects into basic shapes such as circles or strips. In this study, CT-based defect extraction was employed to capture bubble defects within composite materials, followed by 3D-printed test specimens with a single defect for quantitative analysis of their impact on material performance. Tensile tests were conducted to determine the viscoelastic constitutive model parameters of the resin, and a one-dimensional stress-softening damage variable was established. Deep symbolic regression was used to derive degradation equations for defects at different angles, with a coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 0.97. The results show that when the angle between the defect and the principal stress direction is small, the material experiences more significant degradation. For example, the fracture strain of the material with a 45° defect orientation decreases by approximately 34.86%, and the fracture stress decreases by about 57.31%. In contrast, when the defect orientation is perpendicular to the tensile load direction (90° angle), the material suffers less damage, with fracture strain and fracture stress decreasing by approximately 9.96% and 26.81%, respectively. By integrating CT detection with 3D printing, this study links microscopic defects to macroscopic performance, providing a foundation for future optimization of composite material performance and defect control. © ASM International 2025.

关键词： Nondestructive examination

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Aeroelastic Flap Free-Play Analysis Using a Harmonic Balance Approach

Aeroelastic Flap Free-Play Analysis Using a Harmonic Balance...

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AIAA science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Thomas, Jeffrey P. Dowell, Earl H. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University DurhamNC27708-0300 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

Aeroelastic limit cycle oscillation results are presented for a three-degree-of-freedom plunge, pitch, and flap structural model with flap free-play in a viscous transonic flow airfoil. A nonlinear frequency domain harmonic balance approach is used for the computational model. The Newton-Raphson approach solves the governing equations, and Brodyen’s method approximates the Jacobian matrix used in the Newton-Raphson approach, significantly reducing the computational approach. The authors have previously used the harmonic balance approach to model either the unsteady aerodynamics or the unsteady structural dynamics. In this case, we are now using harmonic balance to model both the unsteady aerodynamics and the unsteady structural dynamics. A strongly nonlinear limit cycle oscillation response trend is observed. The objective is to discern the nature of the limit cycle oscillation response and determine the computational requirements for accurately modeling it. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Jacobian matrices

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Efficient Recycling of Magnesium Alloys via Partial Distillation Using Gravity-Multiple Effect Thermal System (G-METS)

Efficient Recycling of Magnesium Alloys via Partial Distilla...

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Magnesium Technology Symposium, 2025, held as part of the TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition, TMS 2025

作者： McArthur Sehar, Daniel Saito, Kenichi Telgerafchi, Armaghan Gallego, Maya Sridhar, Meera Iurkovskyi, Artem Powell, Adam Department of Materials Science and Engineering Program Worcester Polytechnic Institute 100 Institute Rd. WorcesterMA01609 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Shibaura Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute WorcesterMA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783031810602

MagnesiumMagnesium’s remarkable stiffnessStiffness-to-weight and high strengthStrength-to-weight ratios could enable substantial vehicle lightweighting versus aluminum and steel. However, primary production is very energy- and emissions-intensive, and recyclingRecycling cannot cost-effectively produce magnesiumMagnesium of sufficient purity for die casting and other structural applications. Distillation can produce high-purity magnesiumMagnesium but is capital- and energy-intensive. Gravity-Driven Multiple Effect Thermal System (G-METS) is a continuous low-pressure magnesiumMagnesium distillation process used in primary production or recyclingRecycling in which heat re-use leads to just 0.5–1 kWh energy consumption per kgMg Mg product—which is 80–90% less energy than current Mg distillation. This paper presents new partial distillation experiments showing 99.96% product purity. An industrial distiller design can help to estimate capital costs. New modeling work describes temperature and pressure change in the vapor conduit, energy use and losses in the industrial distiller, and effects of evaporator flow vanes on the separation of volatile elements such as zinc. © The Minerals, Metals & materials Society 2025.

关键词： Magnesium alloys

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