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Unveiling the parasitic-reaction-driven surface reconstruction in Ni-rich cathode and the electrochemical role of Li_(2)CO_(3)

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第10期85卷 126-136,I0006页

作者： Jiyu Cai Zhenzhen Yang Xinwei Zhou Bingning Wang Ana Suzana Jianming Bai Chen Liao Yuzi Liu Yanbin Chen Shunlin Song Xuequan Zhang Li Wang Xiangming He Xiangbo Meng Niloofar Karami Baasit Ali Shaik Sulaiman Natasha A.Chernova Shailesh Upreti Brad Prevel Feng Wang Zonghai Chen Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National Laboratory9700 South Cass AvenueLemontIL 60439USA Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National Laboratory9700 South Cass AvenueLemontIL 60439USA Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973USA Energy and Photon Sciences Directorate Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973USA Beijing Easprint Material Technology Co.Ltd. Beijing 100160China Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA Charge CCCV(C4V) 45 Murray Hill RoadCenter of ExcellenceBinghamton UniversityVestalNY 13850USA Primet Precision Materials 950 Danby RoadIthacaNY 14850USA Applied Materials Division Argonne National Labo

Nickel-rich transition-metal oxides are widely regarded as promising cathode materials for high-energydensity lithium-ion batteries for emerging electric vehicles. However, achieving high energy density in Ni-rich cathodes is accompanied by substantial safety and cycle-life obstacles. The major issues of Ni-rich cathodes at high working potentials are originated from the unstable cathode-electrolyte interface, while the underlying mechanism of parasitic reactions towards surface reconstructions of cathode materials is not well understood. In this work, we controlled the Li_(2)CO_(3) impurity content on LiNi_(0.83)Mn_(0.1)Co_(0.07)O_(2) cathodes using air, tank-air, and O_(2) synthesis environments. Home-built high-precision leakage current and on-line electrochemical mass spectroscopy experiments verify that Li_(2)CO_(3) impurity is a significant promoter of parasitic reactions on Ni-rich cathodes. The rate of parasitic reactions is strongly correlated to Li_(2)CO_(3) content and severe performance deterioration of Ni83 *** post-mortem characterizations via high-resolution transition electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiles reveal that parasitic reactions promote more Ni reduction and O deficiency and even rock-salt phase transformation at the surface of cathode materials. Our observation suggests that surface reconstructions have a strong affiliation to parasitic reactions that create chemically acidic environment to etch away the lattice oxygen and offer the electrical charge to reduce the valence state of transition metal. Thus, this study advances our understanding on surface reconstructions of Nirich cathodes and prepares us for searching for rational strategies.

关键词： Ni-rich cathodes Surface reconstructions Phase transformation Parasitic reactions Li_(2)CO_(3)

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Collagen Cryogels Sustain Large-Scale Axial Compression and Cyclic Loading

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Luo, Yan Hu, Yuntao Chen, Keyu Purohit, Prashant K. Vining, Kyle H. Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics School of Engineering and Applied Science University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Robotics School of Engineering and Applied Science University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Computer and Information Science School of Engineering and Applied Science University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Materials Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Science University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Preventive and Restorative Dentistry School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States

Collagen-based cryogels have shown promise as resilient biomaterials capable of sustaining large-scale deformation and cyclic loading under compressive strain. This study investigates the mechanical properties of collagen-glutaraldehyde cryogels, illustrating their performance under varying synthesis conditions, including temperature, cooling rate, and crosslinker concentration. Cryogels synthesized at -20°C with 0.15% w/v glutaraldehyde achieve a stable peak stress of 263kPa with 77.1% maximum stress retention and maintain structural integrity over 20 repetitive loading cycles. A hierarchical structure is achieved by cryogelation and lyophilization, which enhances stress distribution and resilience under large-strain cyclic loading. Second harmonic generation imaging confirms the strain-stiffening behavior and provides insights into the microstructural changes contributing to the material's exceptional mechanical properties. These findings highlight the potential of collagen-glutaraldehyde cryogels as robust biomaterials with stability and durability under repetitive loading. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cyclic loads

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Bioinspired Soft Actuator Based on Photothermal Expansion of Biodegradable Polymers 12th

Bioinspired Soft Actuator Based on Photothermal Expansion of...

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Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems, Living Machines 2023

作者： Cecchini, Luca Mariani, Stefano Pugno, Nicola M. Mazzolai, Barbara Bioinspired Soft Robotics Laboratory Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 Genova16163 Italy Laboratory for Bioinspired Bionic Nano Meta Materials and Mechanics Department of Civil Environmental and Mechanical Engineering University di Trento Via Mesiano 77 Trento38123 Italy School of Engineering and Materials Science Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London1 4NS United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9783031388569

The combined effects of thermo-sensitive and photothermal materials present novel actuation strategies for wireless application and the use of sustainable energy sources, such as the sunlight. To understand the operating features of multifunctional materials, bioinspired multi-layer actuators represent a simple solution as a testing platform. Here, we report the fabrication of a bilayer photothermal and biodegradable bending actuator, based on thermal expansion of polycaprolactone-lignin blend, 3D printed on cellulose acetate substrate. When the actuator is irradiated with 300 mW/cm2 of simulated solar irradiance, it shows a change in curvature of 25.34%, with a bending moment of ~80.2 µN · m and with a characteristic actuation time of 30 s. Moreover, the photothermal blend shows a conversion efficiency of 13.5%. Due to the photothermal and biodegradability properties, the actuator could be used as a battery-free tool for different tasks, in a scenario where no contamination of the environment is required. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.

关键词： Actuators

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Minimizing finite viscosity enhances relative kinetic energy absorption in bistable mechanical metamaterials but only with sufficiently fine discretization: a nonlinear dynamical size effect

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Xiu, Haning Fancher, Ryan Frankel, Ian Ziemke, Patrick Fermen-Coker, Müge Begley, Matthew Boechler, Nicholas Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa BarbaraCA United States Materials Department University of California Santa Barbara Santa BarbaraCA United States DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving GroundMD United States Program in Materials Science and Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA United States

Bistable mechanical metamaterials have shown promise for mitigating the harmful consequences of impact by converting kinetic energy into stored strain energy, offering an alternative and potentially synergistic approach to conventional methods of attenuating energy transmission. In this work, we numerically study the dynamic response of a one-dimensional bistable metamaterial struck by a high speed impactor (where the impactor velocity is commensurate with the sound speed), using the peak kinetic energy experienced at midpoint of the metamaterial compared to that in an otherwise identical linear system as our performance metric. We make five key findings: 1) The bistable material can counter-intuitively perform better (to nearly 103× better than the linear system) as the viscosity decreases (but remains finite), but only when sufficiently fine discretization has been reached (i.e. the system approaches sufficiently close to the continuum limit);2) This discretization threshold is sharp, and depends on the viscosity present;3) The bistable materials can also perform significantly worse than linear systems (for low discretization and viscosity or zero viscosity);4) The dependence on discretization stems from the partition of energy into trains of solitary waves that have pulse lengths proportional to the unit cell size, where, with intersite viscosity, the solitary wave trains induce high velocity gradients and thus enhanced damping compared to linear, and low-unit-cell-number bistable, materials;and 5) When sufficiently fine discretization has been reached at low viscosities, the bistable system outperforms the linear one for a wide range of impactor conditions. The first point is particularly important, as it shows the existence of a nonlinear dynamical "size effect", where, given a protective layer of some thickness and otherwise identical quasi-static mechanical properties and total mass, e.g., a 1 mm thick layer having 200 unit cells of 5 µm thickness is predicte

关键词： Kinetic energy

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Excitation laser energy dependence of the gap-mode TERS spectra of WS2 and MoS2 on silver

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Krayev, Andrey Isotta, Eleonora Hoang, Lauren Yang, Jerry A. Neilson, Kathryn Wang, Minyuan Haughn, Noah Pop, Eric Mannix, Andrew Balogun, Oluwaseyi Wang, Chih-Feng HORIBA Scientific Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University United States Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University United States UC Davis Department of Chemistry United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern University United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Northwestern University United States Pacific Northwest National Laboratory United States

In this work we present a systematic study of the dependence of the gap mode tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) response of the mono- and bi-layer WS2 and MoS2 on silver as a function of the excitation laser energy in a broad spectral range from 473nm to 830 nm. For this purpose, we collected consecutive TERS maps of the same area in the sample containing mono-and bi-layer regions with the same TERS probe with 6 different excitation lasers. To decrease the number of collected TERS maps, we used for the first time to the best of our knowledge, concurrent excitation and collection with two lasers simultaneously. We found that the E2g/A1g peak intensity ratio for the bilayer WS2@Ag and the ratio of the A’/A1g peak intensity of the out-of-plane mode for the mono- and the bilayer, change in a significantly non-monotonous way as the excitation laser energy is swept from 1.58 eV to 2.62 eV. The former ratio increases at energies corresponding to A and B excitons (~2.0 eV and 2.4 eV correspondingly) in bilayer WS2. The absolute intensity of the A’ peak in the monolayer, and correspondingly the A’/A1g ratio, is surprisingly high at lower excitation energies, but dips dramatically at the energy corresponding to the A exciton, being restored partially in between A and B excitons, but still showing the descending trend as the excitation laser energy increases. A somewhat similar picture was observed in mono- and bi-layers of MoS2@Ag, though the existing set of excitation lasers did not match the excitonic profile of this material as nicely as for the case of WS2. We attribute the observed behavior to the presence of intermediate (Fano resonance) or strong (Rabi splitting) coupling between the excitons in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and the plasmons in the tip-substrate nanocavity. This is akin to the so-called Fano (Rabi) transparency experimentally observed in far field scattering from transition metal dichalcogenides between two plasmonic metals. The possibility

关键词： Excitons

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A Genetic Algorithm approach for optimization of geothermal power plant production: Case studies of direct steam cycle in Kamojang

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South African Journal of Chemical engineering 2023年 45卷 1-9页

作者： Rudiyanto, Bayu Birri, Mochammad Syahrul Widjonarko Avian, Cries Kamal, Dianta Mustofa Hijriawan, Miftah Energy Engineering Laboratory Department of Renewable Energy Engineering Politeknik Negeri Jember Jl. Mastrip No.164 Krajan Timur Jember 68121 Indonesia Graduate School of Department of Renewable Energy Engineering Politeknik Negeri Jember Jl. Mastrip No.164 Krajan Timur Jember 68121 Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering Universitas Jember Jl. Kalimantan 37 Tegalboto Jember 68121 Indonesia Departement of Electronic and Computer Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology No.43 Keelung Rd. Sec.4 Da'an Dist. Taipei City 106335 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering Politeknik Negeri Jakarta Jl. Prof. Dr. G. A. Siwabessy Depok 16425 Indonesia Graduate Program of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 Surakarta 57126 Indonesia

Indonesia has enormous geothermal potential, but it only contributes 5% to Indonesia's energy matrix. During 37 years of operation, PT. Pertamina Geothermal Energy Kamojang area has been operating to produce electricity and is currently capable of supplying and distributing electricity to the Java-Bali area with a capacity of 60 MWe. However, this can run into a decrease in the efficiency and effectiveness of system performance due to energy losses in several geothermal power plant components during energy conversion. In this case, exergy analysis at PT. Pertamina Geothermal Energy Kamojang area Unit 4 direct-dry steam cycle was done on each component and state. This aims to know the energy and exergy stream and where it happened irreversibly at the component. The biggest irreversibility value occurred at the turbine and main condenser, with a value of 21,693.890 kW and 21,688.148 kW. The total irreversibility of all systems is 58,326.201 kW, while the total exergy inlet systems is 119,308.457 kW, so the value efficiency exergy obtained is 51.13%. Based on the environment as dead state analysis, an efficiency exergy value is inversely proportional to the irreversibility value and ascending environment temperature. System optimization was done with the genetic algorithm method, with variable values at the pressure wellhead and inlet turbine for the overall exergy efficiency value. The value obtained from optimization is 11.98 bar at the wellhead and 10.023 bar at the inlet turbine, and the overall efficiency exergy increased by 51.22%. © 2023 The Author(s)

关键词： Dry steam cycle Exergy Genetic Algorithm Geothermal power plant Optimization

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High-Temperature Heat Treatment of Plasma Sprayed Ti-Si-C-Mo Coatings

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： He, Jining Liu, Jialin Zhao, Hongjian Qin, Yanfang Fan, Jiawei Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin300132 China College of Mechanical Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou215000 China

In this work, the effect of 800 °C and 1100 °C heat treatment on the plasma spraying Ti-Si-C-xMo (x=1.0, 1.5) composite coatings was investigated. The composite coatings are composed of TiC, Ti3SiC2, Ti5Si3 and Mo5Si3. After heat treatment the formation of Ti3SiC2 and Mo5Si3 was increased, and the element distribution was more uniform. The coating microhardness decreased by 16% and 18% for Ti-Si-C-1.0Mo and Ti-Si-C-1.5Mo, respectively after heat-treating at 1100 °C. The fracture toughness increased by 16% for Ti-Si-C-1.5Mo coating after heat-treating at 1100 °C. The increased fracture toughness was mainly due to the heat treatment promoting the Ti3SiC2 formation, healing the micro-crack, reducing the internal stress and making microstructure dense. The coating friction coefficient before and after heat-treating was between 04~0.6. After heat-treating, the wear amount of the coating was first reduced and then increased, and the minimum wear loss occurred after heat-treating at 800 °C. The wear mechanism was mixed abrasive wear, adhesive wear and tribo-oxidation *** this work, the effect of 800 °C and 1100 °C heat treatment on the plasma spraying Ti-Si-C-xMo (x=1.0, 1.5) composite coatings was investigated. The composite coatings are composed of TiC, Ti3SiC2, Ti5Si3 and Mo5Si3. After heat treatment the formation of Ti3SiC2 and Mo5Si3 was increased, and the element distribution was more uniform. The coating microhardness decreased by 16% and 18% for Ti-Si-C-1.0Mo and Ti-Si-C-1.5Mo, respectively after heat-treating at 1100 °C. The fracture toughness increased by 16% for Ti-Si-C-1.5Mo coating after heat-treating at 1100 °C. The increased fracture toughness was mainly due to the heat treatment promoting the Ti3SiC2 formation, healing the micro-crack, reducing the internal stress and making microstructure dense. The coating friction coefficient before and after heat-treating was between 04~0.6. After heat-treating, the wear amount of the coating was first reduced and t

关键词： Microstructure

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Reply to Comments on “Efficient full-path optical calculation of scalar and vector diffraction using the Bluestein method”

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Light(science & Applications) 2021年第1期10卷 3-4页

作者： Yanlei Hu Zhongyu Wang Xuewen Wang Shengyun Ji Chenchu Zhang Jiawen Li Wulin Zhu Dong Wu Jiaru Chu CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrum entation of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesDepartm ent of Precision Machinery and Precision InstrumentationUniversity of Science and Techno logy of China230026 HefeiChina Departm ent of Mechanical Engineering and Departm ent of Civil and Environm ental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCam bridgeMA 02139USA State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing International School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of Technology430070 WuhanChina Institute of Industry and Equipment Technology Hefei Uniersity of Technology230009 HefeiChina

Dear Editor,In *** present an efficient full-path optical calculation by using the Bluestein method.A real optical apparatus for laser processing,imaging,or optical tweezing normally involves diverse optical lenses with different physical and numerical apertures(NA).In such applications,the optical path is usually tortuous and *** assist in the design,evaluation,and alignment of optical instruments,it is advantageous to retrieve the optical field in an arbitrary position along the entire optical path,which is termed the full-path calculation in our paper,with sufficient accuracy and *** particular,high flexibility is required to accommodate the mismatch between optical apertures of different components in the optical *** present a fullpath optical calculation method by adopting the Bluestein method to address this realistic demand.

关键词： optical calculation method

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Continuously adjustable mechanical metamaterial based on planetary gear trains and external meshing gears

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第2期46卷 233-252页

作者： Shuai MO Xu TANG Keren CHEN H.HOUJOH Wei ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures School of Mechanical EngineeringGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Precision and Intelligence Laboratory Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama 226-8503Japan

The metamaterial based on external meshing gears(MEG)is designed based on the principle of external meshing gear *** on the meshing transmission principle of external meshing gears and planetary gear trains,the internal and external gear rings are *** on the internal and external gear rings,the metamaterial based on inner and outer planetary gear trains(MIP)is designed to study the shear modulus,Young's modulus,and amplitude-frequency characteristics of the metamaterial based on gears at different *** effects of the number of planetary gears on the physical characteristics of the MIP are *** results show that the MEG can be continuously adjusted by adjusting the shear modulus and Young's modulus due to its meshing *** the same number of gears,the adjustment range of the MIP is larger than the adjustment range of the *** the number of planetary gears increases,the adjustment range of the MIP ***,when the metamaterial based on gears rotates,the harmonic response changes with the change of the angle.

关键词： metamaterial adjustable external inner and outer planetary gear train

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Metalized plastic current collectors: Bridge to high energy density reconciling high safety for lithium-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Storage 2025年 125卷

作者： Lu, Xianhang Hao, Ming Fu, Yunhe Xie, Mingming Su, Shaokang Hu, Yuxiang Bian, Xin Xie, Yuanhua Ba, Yaoshuai Zhao, Xinying Du, Xuefeng Chen, Zhengwei Ba, Dechun Liu, Kun School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China Vacuum Science and Aerospace Engineering Research Center Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China Institute of Fluid Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China School of Equipment Engineering Shenyang Ligong University Shenyang110159 China Co. Ltd. Shenyang110122 China

The energy density of mainstream lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has nearly reached theoretical limits due to the growing demand for new energy vehicles. However, the LIBs continue to struggle with meeting the requirements of applications. Increasing energy density typically involves raising the nickel content and charging cut-off voltage, these strategies can compromise the structural stability of cathode and the electrochemical stability of electrolyte, thereby increasing the risk of battery fires. The challenge of balancing high energy density with high safety remains a significant barrier to the development of LIBs. The metalized plastic current collector (MPCC), with its sandwich-like structure composed of "conductive layer-support layer-conductive layer", offers a potential solution. The MPCCs' low thermal deformation temperature and plasticity mismatch with electrode materials allow it to disrupt continuous short-circuit states in extreme conditions, preventing explosions. Additionally, the MPCCs could pull "flameproof, lightweight, thinning, and low-cost" all together, making it a feasible route for large-scale production to co-enhance energy density and safety of LIBs. Currently, on the eve of scaling and standardization, the new structure of MPCCs poses new challenges, particularly in the preparation process and equipment. This review delves into the structure, performance, application, and preparation status of MPCCs. It highlights the explosion-proof mechanism, process route, and coating equipment, summarizes the key challenges in MPCCs' application and preparation while exploring the prospects in next-generation battery systems. Additionally, the review discusses the modification strategies for MPCCs and provides an outlook on their scalability and future integration with advanced battery systems. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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