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Cover Picture: Acceleration of Calcite Kinetics by Abalone Nacre Proteins (Adv. Mater. 22/2005)

Advanced materials 2005年第22期17卷

作者： G. Fu S. R. Qiu C. A. Orme D. E. Morse J. J. De Yoreo Biomolecular Science and Engineering Graduate Program and the Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies University of California at Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory P.O. Box 808 Livermore CA 94551 USA

Abalone utilizes a system of macromolecular matrices and soluble proteins to produce beautiful and mechanically robust shells. The cover shows work by Qiu and co‐workers reported on p. 2678, in which AP8 proteins isolated from the shell of red abalone are shown to alter the growth of calcite both by accelerating the rate and modifying the shape from the simple rhombohedra seen in the upper left of the scheme to the more complex form seem in the lower right. The changes are made manifest at an atomic scale through alterations in the growth speed and shape of the atomic steps that form the growth hillocks (background).

关键词： Biomineralization Calcination Proteins

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Topological solitonic macromolecules

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhao, Hanqing Malomed, Boris A. Smalyukh, Ivan I. Department of Physics University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Physical Electronics School of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Center for Light-Matter Interaction Tel Aviv University P.O.B. 39040 Ramat Aviv Tel Aviv Israel Instituto de Alta Investigación Universidad de Tarapacá Casilla 7D Arica Chile Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter Hiroshima University Higashi Hiroshima Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States

Being ubiquitous, solitons have particle-like properties, exhibiting behaviour often associated with atoms. Bound solitons emulate dynamics of molecules, though solitonic analogues of polymeric materials have not been considered yet. Here we experimentally create and model soliton polymers, which we call "polyskyrmionomers", built of atom-like individual solitons characterized by the topological invariant representing the skyrmion number. With the help of nonlinear optical imaging and numerical modelling based on minimizing the free energy, we reveal how topological point defects bind the solitonic quasi-atoms into polyskyrmionomers, featuring linear, branched, and other macromolecule-resembling architectures, as well as allowing for encoding data by spatial distributions of the skyrmion number. Application of oscillating electric fields activates diverse modes of locomotion and internal vibrations of these self-assembled soliton structures, which depend on symmetry of the solitonic macromolecules. Our findings suggest new designs of soliton meta matter, with a potential for the use in fundamental research and technology. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Macromolecules

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Control of microswimmers by spiral nematic vortices: transition from individual to collective motion and contraction, expansion, and stable circulation of bacterial swirls

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Koizumi, Runa Turiv, Taras Genkin, Mikhail M. Lastowski, Robert J. Yu, Hao Chaganava, Irakli Wei, Qi-Huo Aranson, Igor S. Lavrentovich, Oleg D. Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute Materials Science Graduate Program Kent State University KentOH44242 United States Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Rd Cold Spring HarborNY11724 United States Department of Chemistry University of Scranton ScrantonPA18510 United States Institute of Cybernetics of Georgian Technical University TbilisiGA0186 United States Georgian State Teaching University of Physical Education and Sport TbilisiGA0162 United States Department of Physics Kent State University KentOH44242 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States

Active systems comprised of self-propelled units show fascinating transitions from Brownian-like dynamics to collective coherent motion. Swirling of swimming bacteria is a spectacular example. This study demonstrates that a nematic liquid crystal environment patterned as a spiral vortex controls individual-to-collective transition in bacterial swirls and defines whether they expand or shrink. In dilute dispersions, the bacteria swim along open spiral trajectories, following the pre-imposed molecular orientation. The trajectories are nonpolar. As their concentration exceeds some threshold, the bacteria condense into unipolar circular swirls resembling stable limit cycles. This collective circular motion is controlled by the spiral angle that defines the splay-to-bend ratio of the background director. Vortices with dominating splay shrink the swirls towards the center, while vortices with dominating bend expand them to the periphery. 45o spiraling vortices with splay-bend parity produce the most stable swirls. All the dynamic scenarios are explained by hydrodynamic interactions of bacteria mediated by the patterned passive nematic environment and by the coupling between the concentration and orientation. The acquired knowledge of how to control individual and collective motion of microswimmers by a nematic environment can help in the development of microscopic mechanical systems. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vortex flow

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Cover Image, Volume 5, Number 3, March 2023

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Carbon Energy 2023年第3期5卷

作者： Jun Yang Xing Li Ke Qu Yixian Wang Kangqi Shen Changhuan Jiang Bo Yu Pan Luo Zhuangzhi Li Mingyang Chen Bingshu Guo Mingshan Wang Junchen Chen Zhiyuan Ma Yun Huang Zhenzhong Yang Pengcheng Liu Rong Huang Xiaodi Ren David Mitlin School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China Energy Storage Research Institute Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China Ke Qu Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China. China Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE) and Department of Electronics East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China. Mingyang Chen Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing 100193 China. Center for Green Innovation School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China. Rong Huang China Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE) and Department of Electronics East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China. Xiaodi Ren Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China. David Mitlin Materials Science Program and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712-1591 USA. Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China China Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE) Department of Electronics East China Normal University Shanghai China Xing Li School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China. Materials Science Program and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing China School of Materials Science and Engineering Center for Green Innovation University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China

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Revealing the Dominance of the Dissolution-Deposition Mechanism in Aqueous Zn−MnO2Batteries

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第6期136卷

作者： Yadong Li Yuhao Li Qingshan Liu Yongshuai Liu Tiansheng Wang Mingjin Cui Prof. Yu Ding Prof. Hongsen Li Prof. Guihua Yu College of Physics Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China Center of Energy Storage Materials & Technology College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

Zn−MnO 2 batteries have attracted extensive attention for grid-scale energy storage applications, however, the energy storage chemistry of MnO 2 in mild acidic aqueous electrolytes remains elusive and controversial. Using α-MnO 2 as a case study, we developed a methodology by coupling conventional coin batteries with customized beaker batteries to pinpoint the operating mechanism of Zn−MnO 2 batteries. This approach visually simulates the operating state of batteries in different scenarios and allows for a comprehensive study of the operating mechanism of aqueous Zn−MnO 2 batteries under mild acidic conditions. It is validated that the electrochemical performance can be modulated by controlling the addition of Mn 2+ to the electrolyte. The method is utilized to systematically eliminate the possibility of Zn 2+ and/or H + intercalation/de-intercalation reactions, thereby confirming the dominance of the MnO 2 /Mn 2+ dissolution-deposition mechanism. By combining a series of phase and spectroscopic characterizations, the compositional, morphological and structural evolution of electrodes and electrolytes during battery cycling is probed, elucidating the intrinsic battery chemistry of MnO 2 in mild acid electrolytes. Such a methodology developed can be extended to other energy storage systems, providing a universal approach to accurately identify the reaction mechanism of aqueous aluminum-ion batteries as well.

关键词： Aqueous Batteries Dissolution-Deposition Mechanism Energy Storage Mechanism Zinc-Ion Batteries

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Adsorption uptake of Philippine natural zeolite for Zn2+ ions in aqueous solution

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019年第1期1191卷

作者： M B Gili L Olegario-Sanchez M Conato Material Science and Engineering Program College of Science University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City 1101 Philippines Philippine Nuclear Research Institute – Department of Science and Technology Commonwealth Avenue Diliman Quezon City 1101 Philippines Department of Mining Metallurgical and Materials Engineering College of Engineering University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City 1101 Philippines Institute of Chemistry University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City 1101 Philippines

The Philippine natural zeolite (PNZ) was characterized and subjected to Zn2+ adsorption tests in aqueous solutions to determine its adsorption uptake and to understand its adsorption behaviour. The PNZ was characterized using XRD, SEM, BET-analysis and TG-DTA. XRD showed significant peaks indexed to natural mordenite-type zeolite along with other natural zeolites and minerals. SEM micrographs revealed a rough and corrugated surface morphology of the sample. BET physisorption analysis showed a surface area of 222.63 m2/g. From the analytical tests report given by the supplier, the Si/Al ratio (SAR) was computed to be equal to 4.29 based on the silica and alumina content of the PNZ. Adsorption kinetic and thermodynamic studies were done to determine the adsorption mechanism and adsorption capacity of PNZ for Zn2+ ions in aqueous solution. From the adsorption kinetic curve, the PNZ attained chemical equilibrium after 50 min. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model was the most applicable kinetic model providing the highest correlation with the data. Langmuir model better described the adsorption isotherm of the PNZ than Freundlich model. The theoretical maximum cation exchange capacity of PNZ was computed as 27.17 mg Zn2+/g according to the Langmuir model.

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Diversification of the Carbodicarbene Class by Embedding an Anionic Component in its Scaffold

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Chemistry - A European Journal 2023年第71期29卷 e202302886页

作者： Yu, Cheng-Han Au-Yeung, Ka-Chun Liu, Ruiqin Lee, Chao-Hsien Jiang, Dandan Semagne Aweke, Bamlaku Wu, Chia-Hung Wang, Yu-Jou Wang, Ting-Hsuan Voon Kong, Kien Yap, Glenn P. A. Chen, Wen-Ching Frenking, Gernot Zhao, Lili Ong, Tiow-Gan Institute of chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei115201 Taiwan School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse MarburgD-35043 Germany Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware NewarkDE United States Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Applied Chemistry National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Corporate R&D Center LCY Chemical Corporation Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan

Carbodicarbene (CDC) has become an emerging ligand in many fields due to its strong σ-donating ability. 2- moiety within the framework to leverage the electronic feature of carbon carbone. The elucidation of X-ray crystal structures, ligand competition as well as transmetallation experiments suggest that the anionic moiety has enhanced the overall donor strength of the traditional neutral CDC. Importantly, this anionic scaffold exhibits a facile second coordination toward Au(I), Ag(I) and Pd(II) without any external ligand assistance, whereas previously reported neutral pincer CDC complexes do not possess a two-fold donor capacity. The analysis of the bonding situation via theoretical methods shows that the description of the anionic CDC moieties in terms of dative bonding is preferred over the model of delocalized positive charge, as it accounts for the two-fold donor ability of the divalent carbon atom, preserving a characteristic feature of a carbone. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Scaffolds

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Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes: The Mechanism of Charge Generation in Charge‐Generation Units Composed of p‐Doped Hole‐Transporting Layer/HATCN/n‐Doped Electron‐Transporting Layers (Adv. Funct. Mater. 4/2012)

引用

Advanced Functional materials 2012年第4期22卷

作者： Sunghun Lee Jeong‐Hwan Lee Jae‐Hyun Lee Jang‐Joo Kim WCU Hybrid Materials Program Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Center for Organic Light Emitting Diode Seoul National University Seoul 151‐744 Korea OLED Research Institute Samsung Mobile Display Co. LTD. Giheung‐Gu Yongin‐City 446‐711 Korea

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Corrigendum to ‘Study of Carbon Supported CuPd Alloy Nanoparticles with Pd-Rich Surface for the Electrochemical Formate Oxidation and CO 2 Reduction’ [Electrochimica Acta, 387 (2021) 138531]

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Electrochimica Acta 2021年 389卷

作者： Wei Jyun Wang Sooyeon Hwang Taejin Kim Su Ha Louis Scudiero The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering Washington State University Wegner Hall Room 105 1505 NE Stadium Way Pullman WA 99164 Center for Functional Nanomaterial Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794 USA Chemistry Department and Materials Science and Engineering Program Washington State University PO Box 644630 Pullman WA 99164-4630

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Human brain mapping with multi-thousand channel PtNRGrids resolves novel spatiotemporal dynamics

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Tchoe, Youngbin Bourhis, Andrew M. Cleary, Daniel R. Stedelin, Brittany Lee, Jihwan Tonsfeldt, Karen J. Brown, Erik C. Siler, Dominic Paulk, Angelique C. Yang, Jimmy C. Oh, Hongseok Ro, Yun Goo Choi, Woojin Lee, Keundong Russman, Samantha Ganji, Mehran Galton, Ian Ben-Haim, Sharona Raslan, Ahmed M. Dayeh, Shadi A. Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego San DiegoCA92093 United States Department of Neurological Surgery University of California San Diego San DiegoCA92093 United States Department of Neurological Surgery Oregon Health & Science University Mail Code CH8N 3303 SW Bond Avenue PortlandOR97239-3098 United States Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine University of California San Diego San DiegoCA92093 United States Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital BostonMA02114 United States Department of Neurosurgery Massachusetts General Hospital BostonMA02114 United States Graduate Program of Materials Science and Engineering University of California San Diego San DiegoCA92093 United States

Electrophysiological devices are critical for mapping eloquent and diseased brain regions and for therapeutic neuromodulation in clinical settings and are extensively utilized for research in brain-machine interfaces. However, the existing devices are often limited in either spatial resolution or cortical coverage, even including those with thousands of channels used in animal experiments. Here, we developed scalable manufacturing processes and dense connectorization to achieve reconfigurable thin-film, multi-thousand channel neurophysiological recording grids using platinum-nanorods (PtNRGrids). With PtNRGrids, we have achieved a multi-thousand channel array of small (30 μm) contacts with low impedance, providing unparalleled spatial and temporal resolution over a large cortical area. We demonstrate that PtNRGrids can resolve sub-millimeter functional organization of the barrel cortex in anesthetized rats that captured the histochemically-demonstrated structure. In the clinical setting, PtNRGrids resolved fine, complex temporal dynamics from the cortical surface in an awake human patient performing grasping tasks. Additionally, the PtNRGrids identified the spatial spread and dynamics of epileptic discharges in a patient undergoing epilepsy surgery at 1 mm spatial resolution, including activity induced by direct electrical stimulation. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the power of the PtNRGrids to transform clinical mapping and research with brain-machine interfaces and highlights a path toward novel therapeutics. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mapping

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