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A review of control strategies used for morphing aircraft applications

Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第4期37卷 436-463页

作者： Muhammed S.PARANCHEERIVILAKKATHIL Jafar S.PILAKKADAN Rafic M.AJAJ Mohammadreza AMOOZGAR Davood ASADI Yahya ZWEIRI Michael I.FRISWELL Department of Aerospace Engineering Khalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates Department of Aerospace Engineering Advanced Research and Innovation Center(ARIC)Khalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates Department of Mechanical Materials&Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamNottingham NG72RDUK Department of Aerospace Engineering Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology UniversityTurkey College of Engineering Swansea UniversitySwansea SA18ENUK

This paper reviews the various control algorithms and strategies used for fixed-wing morphing aircraft applications. It is evident from the literature that the development of control algorithms for morphing aircraft technologies focused on three main areas. The first area is related to precise control of the shape of morphing concepts for various flight conditions. The second area is mainly related to the flight dynamics, stability, and control aspects of morphing aircraft. The third area deals mainly with aeroelastic control using morphing concepts either for load alleviation purposes and/or to control the instability boundaries. The design of controllers for morphing aircraft/wings is very challenging due to the large changes that can occur in the structural, aerodynamic, and inertial characteristics. In addition, the type of actuation system and actuation rate/speed can have a significant effect on the design of such controllers. The aerospace community is in strong need of such a critical review especially as morphing aircraft technologies move from fundamental research at a low Technology Readiness Level(TRL) to real-life applications. This critical review aims to identify research gaps and propose future directions. In this paper, research activities/papers are categorized according to the control strategy used. This ranges from simple Proportional Integral Derivative(PID) controllers at one end to complex robust adaptive controllers and deep learning algorithms at the other end. This includes analytical, computational, and experimental studies. In addition, the various dynamic models used and their fidelities are highlighted and discussed.

关键词： Control strategies Morphing aircraft Shape morphing Flight dynamics Aeroelasticity

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Development of Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni shape memory alloy with ultrahigh mechanical properties and large recovery strain by laser powder bed fusion

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Journal of materials science & Technology 2023年第19期150卷 201-216页

作者： Xiao Yang Lijin Cheng Huabei Peng Bingnan Qian Lei Yang Yunsong Shi Annan Chen Zhengyan Zhang Libin Zhao Ning Hu Chunze Yan Yusheng Shi State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China School of Mechanical Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300401China School of Mechanical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Department of Orthopaedics Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022China

This work systematically studied the effect of volumetric energy density E on the densification,mi-crostructures,tensile mechanical properties,and shape memory performance of a Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni shape memory alloy(SMA)fabricated by laser powder bed fusion(L-PBF).An E of 90-265 J/mm3 is suggested to fabricate the Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni SMA with minor metallurgical defects and a high relative density of above 99%.The increase in E can promote the formation of the primaryγaustenite and the solid phase trans-formation from the primaryδferrite to theγaustenite,which helps to achieve a nearly complete y austenitic *** increase in E also contributes to fabricating the Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni SMA with superior comprehensive mechanical properties and shape memory performance by *** Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni SMA with a combination of good ductility of around 30%,high yield strength of above 480 MPa,an ultrahigh ultimate tensile strength of above 1 GPa,and large recovery strain of about 6%was manu-factured by L-PBF under a high E of 222-250 J/mm^(3).The good shape memory effect,excellent compre-hensive mechanical properties,and low cost of Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni SMAs,as well as the outstanding ability to fabricate complex structures of L-PBF technology,provide a solid foundation for the design and fabri-cation of novel intelligent structures.

关键词： Shape memory alloys Fe-Mn-Si-based alloys Laser powder bed fusion mechanical property Microstructure

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TiZrHfNb refractory high-entropy alloys with twinning-induced plasticity

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Journal of materials science & Technology 2024年第20期187卷 72-85页

作者： Shubin Wang Da Shu Peiying Shi Xianbing Zhang Bo Mao Donghong Wang Peter.K.Liaw Baode Sun Shanghai Key Lab of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming and State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA

The twinning-induced plasticity(TWIP)effect has been widely utilized in austenite steels,β-Ti alloys,and recently developed face-centered-cubic(FCC)high-entropy alloys(HEAs)to simultaneously enhance the tensile strength and *** this study,for the first time,the TWIP effect through hierarchical{332}<113>mechanical twinning has been successfully engineered into the TiZrHfNb refractory HEAs by decreasing temperature and tailoring the content of Nb to destabilize the BCC *** cryogenic tem-perature,the comprehensive hierarchical{332}<113>mechanical twins are activated in TiZrHfNb_(0.5) alloy from micro-to nanoscale and progressively segment the BCC grains into nano-scale islands during de-formation,ensuring sustainable strain hardening capability and eventually achieving a substantial 35%uniform tensile *** addition,at 77 K,the tensile strength and uniform elongation of TiZrHfNbx alloys can further be adjusted by a moderate increase of *** results above shed new light on the de-velopment of high-performance refractory HEAs with a high and adjustable strength and ductility com-bination down to the cryogenic temperature.

关键词： Refractory high-entropy alloys Cryogenic temperature Twinning induced plasticity Hierarchical twins Tensile properties

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Tailoring properties of directed energy deposited Al-Mg alloy by balancing laser shock peening and heat treatment

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Journal of materials science & Technology 2024年第36期203卷 78-96页

作者： Wei Dai Wei Guo Jun Xiao Ying Zhu Zewu Qi Jiaxin Shi Changhao Yin Dongsheng He Jiaxuan Chi Zhandong Wan Baoqiang Cong Minggao Li Hongqiang Zhang School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Beihang UniversityBeijing100191China School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing100191China Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China Technology Research Department CRRC InstituteBeijing100070China

Wire arc-directed energy deposition(WADED)has shown great advantages and potential in fabricating large-scale aluminum(Al)alloy ***,WADED Al alloys typically exhibit low strength and reliability due to pore defects and lack of work hardening or precipitation *** study utilized a combination of laser shock peening(LSP)and annealing to regulate the microstructure of WADED Al-Mg4.5Mn alloy and enhance mechanical *** effects of LSP and annealing on phase composition,pore distribution,and microstructures at multiple scales were systematically investigated to reveal the mechanical property improving *** results demonstrated that LSP-induced plastic deformation formed a defect-free zone by closing near-surface pore *** created the hardened layer with gradient mechanical properties by inducing gradient changes in grain size,the number of low-angle grain boundaries(LAGBs),and dislocation density along the depth *** annealing process promoted grain coarsening and reduced excessive dislocations and LAGBs,weakening the work harden-ing effect caused by ***,the high-density dislocations and high stored energy generated by LSP accelerated the recrystallization,facilitating growth of near-surface *** defect-free zone,dislocation strengthening,and LAGBs strengthening were responsible for the increase in strength,while the synergistic deformation between hardened layers and soft core facilitated maintaining excellent *** strength and elongation of WADED Al alloy can be synergistically improved by balancing the effects of LSP and heat treatment.

关键词： Wire arc-directed energy deposition Aluminum alloy Laser shock peening Pore distribution Tensile property

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Challenges and approaches of single-crystal Ni-rich layered cathodes in lithium batteries

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National science Review 2023年第12期10卷 203-222页

作者： Jiangtao Hu Hongbin Wang Biwei Xiao Pei Liu Tao Huang Yongliang Li Xiangzhong Ren Qianling Zhang Jianhong Liu Xiaoping Ouyang Xueliang Sun Graphene Composite Research Center College of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringShenzhen University GRINM(Guangdong) Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Xiangtan University Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western Ontario Eastern Institute for Advanced Study Eastern Institute of Technology

High energy density and high safety are incompatible with each other in a lithium battery, which challenges today's energy storage and power applications. Ni-rich layered transition metal oxides(NMCs) have been identified as the primary cathode candidate for powering next-generation electric vehicles and have been extensively studied in the last two decades, leading to the fast growth of their market share, including both polycrystalline and single-crystal NMC cathodes. Single-crystal NMCs appear to be superior to polycrystalline NMCs, especially at low Ni content(≤60%). However, Ni-rich single-crystal NMC cathodes experience even faster capacity decay than polycrystalline NMC cathodes, rendering them unsuitable for practical application. Accordingly, this work will systematically review the attenuation mechanism of single-crystal NMCs and generate fresh insights into valuable research pathways. This perspective will provide a direction for the development of Ni-rich single-crystal NMC cathodes.

关键词： single-crystal NMC attenuation mechanism modification strategy developing route

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Mechanistic modeling of copper corrosions in data center environments

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Building Simulation 2024年第3期17卷 483-492页

作者： Rui Zhang Jianshun Zhang Roger Schmidt Jeremy L.Gilbert Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering College of Engineering and Computer ScienceSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNY13244USA Buildings and Transportation Science Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37830USA SyracuseCoE-New York Center of Excellence in Environmental and Energy Systems Syracuse University727 E.Washington StreetSyracuseNY13244USA Department of Bioengineering Clemson UniversityClemson-Medical University of South Carolina Bioengineering ProgramCharlestonSC29425USA

Air-side economizers are increasingly used to take advantage of“free-cooling”in data centers with the intent of reducing the carbon footprint of ***,they can introduce outdoor pollutants to indoor environment of data centers and cause corrosion damage to the information technology *** evaluate the reliability of information technology equipment under various thermal and air-pollution conditions,a mechanistic model based on multi-ion transport and chemical reactions was *** model was used to predict Cu corrosion caused by Cl_(2)-containing pollutant *** also accounted for the effects of temperature(25℃and 28℃),relative humidity(50%,75%,and 95%),and *** also identified higher air temperature as a corrosion barrier and higher relative humidity as a corrosion accelerator,which agreed well with the experimental *** average root mean square error of the prediction was 13.7Å.The model can be used to evaluate the thermal guideline for data centers design and operation when Cl_(2)is present based on pre-established acceptable risk of corrosion in data centers’environment.

关键词： chloride pollutant mixture copper corrosion model data center temperature relative humidity synergistic effect

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Crafting chirality in three dimensions via a novel fabrication technique for bound states in the continuum metasurfaces

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Light(science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 390-392页

作者： Zaid Haddadin Anna My Nguyen Lisa V.Poulikakos Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Mechanical&Aerospace Engineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Program of Materials Science&Engineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA

An additional deposition step was added to a multi-step electron beam lithographic fabrication process to unlock the height dimension as an accessible parameter for resonators comprising unit cells of quasi-bound stat... 详细信息

关键词： dimensions dimension intrinsic

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Tailoring BaCe_(0.7)Zr_(0.1)(Dy_(0.1)|Yb_(0.1))_(0.2)O_(3-δ)electrolyte through strategic Cu doping for low temperature proton conducting fuel cells:Envisioned theoretically and experimentally

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第2期101卷 692-701,I0015页

作者： Zaheer Ud Din Babar Muhammad Bilal Hanif Yan'an Li Wan-Ting Wang Hanchen Tian Cheng-Xin Li State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049ShaanxiChina Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Natural SciencesComenius University Bratislava84215 BratislavaSlovakia

This study addresses the challenge of high sintering temperatures in proton-conducting fuel cells(PCFCs)with BaCeO_(3)-doped *** demonstrate that 1 mol%copper(Cu)doping at the B-site of BaCe_(0.7)Zr_(0.1)(Dy_(0.1)|Yb_(0.1))_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(BCZDYb)improves sintering behavior,enabling densification at1400℃.However,Cu doping disrupts stoichiometry,creating barium vacancies and reducing protonaccepting cations,affecting overall *** mechanism is confirmed through density functional theory(DFT)calculations and various experimental techniques,including crystal structure analysis using X-ray diffraction(XRD)and morphology and elemental analysis via field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM)and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS).Electrochemical measurements are performed using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The ionic conductivity of1 mol%Cu-doped BCZDYb(BCZDYb-1)is 1.49×10^(-2)S cm^(-1)at 650℃,which is~3.58 times higher than that of BCZDYb sintered at 1200℃.The BCZDYb-1 exhibits~16 times higher grain boundary conductivity when sintered at 1400℃,compared to undoped *** single cell employing BCZDYb-1 as the electrolyte achieved a power density of~606 mW cm^(-2)at 550℃.These results indicate that a controlled amount of Cu doping can enhance densification while maintaining high ionic co nductivity,making it suitable for practical applications in PCFCs operating at lower temperatures.

关键词： Proton conducting fuel cells(PCFCs) Sintering Densification Cu-doping Electrical conductivity BaCe_(0.7)Z_(0.1)(Dy_(0.1)/Yb_(0.1))_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(BCZDYb)

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Non‑associated and Non‑quadratic Characteristics in Plastic Anisotropy of Automotive Lightweight Sheet Metals

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Automotive Innovation 2023年第3期6卷 364-378页

作者： Yong Hou Junying Min Myoung‑Gyu Lee Department of Materials Science and Engineering and RIAM Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826South Korea School of Mechanical Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China

Lightweight sheet metals are highly desirable for automotive applications due to their exceptional strength-to-density *** accurate description of the pronounced plastic anisotropy exhibited by these materials in finite element analysis requires advanced plasticity *** recent years,significant efforts have been devoted to developing plasticity models and numeri-cal analysis methods based on the non-associated flow rule(non-AFR).In this work,a newly proposed coupled quadratic and non-quadratic model under non-AFR is utilized to comprehensively investigate the non-associated and non-quadratic characteristics during the yielding of three lightweight sheet metals,i.e.,dual-phase steel DP980,TRIP-assisted steel QP980,and aluminum alloy *** materials are subjected to various proportional loading paths,including uniaxial tensile tests with a 15°increment,uniaxial compressive tests with a 45°increment,in-plane torsion tests,and biaxial tensile tests using laser-deposited arm-strengthened cruciform *** show that the non-AFR approach provides an effective means for accurately modeling the yield behavior,including yield stresses and the direction of plastic strain rates,simultaneously,utilizing two separate functions and a simple calibration *** introduction of the non-quadratic plastic potential reduces the average errors in angle when predicting plastic strain directions by the quadratic plastic potential ***,for DP980,the average error is reduced from 3.1°to 0.9°,for QP980 it is reduced from 6.1°to 3.9°,and for AA5754-O it is reduced from 7.0°to 0.2°.This highlights the importance of considering the non-quadratic characteristic in plasticity modeling,especially for aluminum alloys such as AA5754-O.

关键词： Yield behavior Non-associated flow rule Non-quadratic Lightweight sheet metal

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Highly dense and ultrathin gadolinia-doped ceria interlayer for enhanced performance of large-area anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell

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Progress in Natural science:materials International 2023年第5期33卷 733-741页

作者： Sang Woo Shin Amjad Hussain Muhammad Zubair Khan Dong Woo Joh Tak-Hyung Lim Seung-Bok Lee Jong-Eun Hong Joon Hyung Shim Rak-Hyun Song Hydrogen Energy Research Division Korea Institute of Energy Research Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea University Department of Advanced Energy and System Engineering Korea University of Science and Technology(UST) Department of Materials Science & Engineering Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology

The fabrication of a highly dense and ultrathin Gd doped ceria(GDC) interlayer on a large-area, porous electrolyte-coated planar anode support using vacuum slurry coating is studied for application in solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs). The electrolyte-coated planar anode support body is fabricated by tape casting and pre-sintering is performed at 1100, 1150, and 1200°C. The GDC interlayer is coated onto the pre-sintered electrolyte-coated anode support using a vacuum slurry coating process with different immersion times(30–60 s). A highly dense and ultrathin GDC interlayer with a thickness of 1.48 μm is produced after co-sintering at 1400°C. The 1200°C pre-sintered electrolyte-coated anode support showed a thin and highly dense GDC interlayer which is attributed to a lower shrinkage difference between the coated GDC interlayer and pre-sintered body. The electrochemical performance of a vacuum slurry-coated GDC interlayer cell is 38 % higher compared to that of the screen-printed GDC-coated cell at 700°C due to the greatly reduced Ohmic and electrode polarization resistances. The considerable improvement in the performance is attributed to the ultrahigh GDC density which has prevented the secondary phase formation between the cathode and electrolyte. This study presents the economical, scalable, and reproducible process for the fabrication of highly robust GDC interlayer for the large-area planar anode-supported SOFCs.

关键词： Solid oxide fuel cell Vacuum slurry coating GDC interlayer Sintering Performance

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