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ANN-based analysis of thin film Maxwell fluid dynamics with electro-osmotic and nonlinear thermal effects

Alexandria engineering Journal 2025年 127卷 392-410页

作者： Din, Irfan Saif Ud Siddique, Imran Zahid, Zohaib Nadeem, Muhammad Islam, S. Department of Mathematics University of Management and Technology Lahore54770 Pakistan Department of Mathematics University of Sargodha Sargodha40100 Pakistan Mathematics in Applied Sciences and Engineering Research Group Scientific Research Center Al-Ayen University Nasiriyah64001 Iraq Federal University of Technology Paran UTFPR Mechanical Engineering Department DAMEC Postgraduate Program in Mechanical and Materials Engineering PPGEM Research Center for Rheology and Non-Newtonian Fluids CERNN R. Deputado Heitor Alencar Furtado 5000 - Bloco N - Ecoville PR Curitiba81280-340 Brazil Department of Mechanical Engineering Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University P.O Box 1664 Al Khobar31952 Saudi Arabia

An intelligent Levenberg-Marquardt Technique (LMT) with artificial neural network (ANN) backpropagation (BP) has been used to analyze the thermal heat and mass transfer of unsteady magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) thin film Maxwell fluid flow in a porous inclined sheet with an emphasis on the influence of electro-osmosis. The activation energy, chemical reaction, mixed convection, melting heat, joule heating, nonlinear thermal radiation, variable thermal conductivity and thermal source/sink effect are taken into account for transport expressions. Appropriate similarity transformations were used to translate partial differential equations (PDEs) into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). After that, the built-in MATLAB BVP4C method was used for a data set assessed using the LMT-ANN strategy to solve these ODEs. The physical significance of the designed parameters is thoroughly discussed in both tabular and graphical form. The observed R-squared value is 1, and the mean square error up to 10−15 demonstrates the LMT-ANN's precise and accurate computing capability. The model's validity is also confirmed by the strong agreement between the obtained predicted findings and numerical results, which shows a high degree of accuracy within the range of 10−8 to 10−11. It was revealed that radiative heat considerably increases surface heat energy through accumulation, improving heat transfer qualities, whereas fluid temperature is raised by Joule dissipation, variable thermal conductivity, and heat source. Electro-osmosis and magnetic fields reduce fluid velocity by generating opposing forces that resist the flow. This problem works best in microscale fluid transport systems and drilling operations, where magnetic and electro-osmotic control are crucial. These systems include micro-electromechanical systems, lab-on-a-chip devices, porous geological formations, and thin film coating technologies. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Activation energy

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Effects of Annealing on Properties of ITO:MgO/Ag Dual-layer Films for Sensor Material Applications

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Sensors and materials 2025年第5期37卷 1871-1880页

作者： Kuo, Cheng-Hsien Wicaksono, Sigit Tri Wang, Shao-Tsen Chen, Tao-Hsing Department of Die and Mold Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology No. 415 Jiangong Rd. Sanmin Dist. Kaohsiung City 807618 Taiwan Department of Materials Engineering Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) Surabaya 60111 Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology No. 415 Jiangong Rd. Sanmin Dist. Kaohsiung City 807618 Taiwan

In this study, we investigated the optical and electrical properties of ITO:MgO/Ag dual-layer transparent conducting films (with an atomic ratio of 97:3 at.%) annealed at different temperatures. Annealing was conducted in a vacuum utilizing thermal energy to rearrange the crystalline structure of the films, thus enabling atomic substitution, and to address internal defects. The optical and electrical properties of the dual-layer films were compared before and after annealing, revealing that the lowest resistivity of 2.92 × 10⁻⁵ Ω·cm was in the unannealed state, the average transmittance was 58.97% at an annealing temperature of 500 ℃, and the optimal figure of merit (FOM) was 7.71 × 10⁻⁴ after annealing at a temperature of 300 ℃. © MYU K.K.

关键词： annealing ITO:MgO sputtering transparent conducting film

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Ultrafast, High-Intensity Laser Material Interaction in Polycrystalline Alumina Transparent Ceramics

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Chong, Poh Yin Wu, Xingzhong Castillo, Gabriel R. Garay, Javier E. Laboratory Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States

High-intensity pulsed laser-material interaction is a complicated process involving various laser parameters and material properties, and the coupling of these factors affects material modifications. This study investigates the laser-material interactions of single-crystal alumina (SCA) and transparent polycrystalline alumina (PCA). To understand the underlying mechanism of laser-induced modifications, single-shot irradiations are conducted using an ultrafast laser (λ = 1030 nm, τρ = 490 fs). This experiment focuses on the high-intensity regime from 1012 W/cm2 to 1015 W/cm2, generating high temperatures and pressure causing modifications (melting, ablation, and fracture). While SCA and PCA are fundamentally Al2O3, the difference in microstructure alters the optical and mechanical properties. The ablation depth shows a sublinear power law relationship with laser intensity for both materials although the energy dependence is lower for PCA. The differences can be attributed to different damage mechanisms;the laser-induced craters in SCA exhibit predominantly melting whereas PCA demonstrates fracture-like morphologies. The fracture in PCA is surprising given its higher indent-produced fracture resistance. The differences in fracture behavior can be reconciled considering the much higher pressure application rates produced by laser pulsing. PCA has a lower laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) than SCA. Laser-induced crater area and volume increase linearly with laser fluence and peak intensity. Altering the focusing conditions can change the LIDT and expand the laser processing window. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Single crystals

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Graphene-functionalized textile composites for wearable Joule heating applications

Advanced Nanocomposites

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Advanced Nanocomposites 2025年 2卷 108-123页

作者： Omar Faruk Abbas Ahmed Ashfaqul Hoque Khadem Lu Jia Luyi Sun Department of Materials Science and Engineering Binghamton University State University of New York at Binghamton NY 13902 USA Polymer Program Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA Department Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Computing and Applied Science Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA College of Textile Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Jinzhong Shanxi 030600 China

Thermal comfort is essential for maintaining physiological well-being, with textile materials traditionally serving as the primary medium for regulating heat exchange between the body and its environment. However, conventional textiles often fall short of maintaining optimal thermal balance. So, there is an increasing demand for advanced thermoregulation systems that can effectively reduce heat loss and enhance warmth, ensuring consistent comfort. Recent research has highlighted the promise of advanced functional materials, especially graphene and its composites, for modifying textiles to improve thermal properties. This article comprehensively reviews recent advancements in graphene-functionalized textile composites, focusing on their applications in wearable Joule heaters designed for personalized thermal comfort or thermal therapy. Various graphene-functionalized textile composites are reviewed from the perspectives of material properties, processing strategies and device fabrication methods. Key challenges and future opportunities are summarized for graphene-functionalized textile-based Joule heaters as innovative solutions in wearable thermal regulation.

关键词： Graphene Textile Composite Wearable electronics Joule heater

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Plasma-transferred arc-welded composite hardfacings with ZrB2 and TiC reinforcements

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Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of sciences 2025年第2期74卷 165-169页

作者： Melakh, Liudmyla Surzhenkov, Andrei Juhani, Kristjan Viljus, Mart Traksmaa, Rainer Vedel, Dmytro Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Tallinn University of Technology Ehitajate tee 5 Tallinn19086 Estonia Department of Structural Ceramics and Cermets Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science Omelyana Pritsaka 3 Kyiv03142 Ukraine

The traditional approach to prolonging the lifetime of wear parts is to use wear-resistant materials. One such material is hardfacing, which, in addition to its primary function, con-tributes to sustainability objectives by preventing the failure of wear parts and allowing them to be used more efficiently. The present study focuses on hardfacings that are free of critical raw ma terials (CRM) and are based on materials that are non-harmful to health and the environment, in line with the European Union policy on material supply chains, availability, and safety (REACH legislation). The present study used plasma-transferred arc welding (PTAW) to produce a 316L stainless steel-based hardfacing reinforced with non-CRM components ZrB₂ and TiC. Pre-applied mixtures of matrix powders and ceramic components on a soft S235 steel substrate were remelted using optimized PTAW parameters, specifically with a welding current of 115 A and 135 A and a linear torch velocity of 0.7 mm/s. Microstructure analysis and phase identi fication were conducted using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods on pre-prepared cross-sections. The Vickers hardness (HV) was measured under different indenter loads. Due to the interaction between the iron-based alloy and ceramic components under PTAW, carbide-boride phases with a complex composition were formed, contributing to the increased hardness of the material. The highest hardness value (HV5) was observed in the hardfacing with the composition of (ZrB₂ + TiC) + 60 vol% 316L stain less steel, processed with a welding current of 135 A. These results demonstrate the potential for applying ceramic-reinforced stainless steel hardfacing in industrial applications. © 2025 Authors.

关键词： Stainless steel

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A highly efficient and eco-friendly recycling process for the separation and purification of components from used photovoltaic panels

A highly efficient and eco-friendly recycling process for th...

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2024 International Conference on Optoelectronic materials and Devices, ICOMD 2024

作者： Zhan, Jialin Zhang, Zuosheng Zhou, Fujing Hu, Jian Department of Intelligent Manufacturing Anhui Vocational and Technical College Hefei China Department of Materials Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China School of Mechanical Engineering Chaohu University Hefei China

ISBN: (数字)9781510689046

ISBN: (纸本)9781510689039

The paper employs two methods, pyrolysis and physical crushing, to pretreat discarded photovoltaic modules, dividing the solar cells into "cell particles" and "powder" components. The composition of elements in the cells is determined using SEM-EDS, and a preliminary quantitative analysis of the components of crystalline silicon solar cells is conducted. Dissolution experiments are performed on the pretreated cells, using sodium hydroxide to leach aluminum and dissolve silicon nitride, and using nitric acid to dissolve the carbon in the cells. EDS is used to detect the elemental content after the chemical experiments. The results show that a combined method of pyrolysis and chemical methods achieves a silicon extraction rate of 81.6%, effectively realizing the separation and purification of silicon from used photovoltaic panels. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Silicon nitride

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Deciphering theαrelaxation and the anelastic-to-plastic transition in the deep glassy state

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第3期68卷 131-138页

作者： Qi Hao Guanghui Xing Eloi Pineda Claudio Fusco Laurent Chazeau Jean-Marc Pelletier Yunjiang Wang Yong Yang Jichao Qiao School of Mechanics Civil Engineering and ArchitectureNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710072China Department of Physics Institute of Energy TechnologiesUniversitat Politècnica de CatalunyaBarcelona08019Spain Univ Lyon INSA LyonUniversitéClaude Bernard Lyon 1CNRSMATEISUMR5510Villeurbanne69621France State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China School of Engineering Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Turbomachinery Power Equipment Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710072China Key Laboratory of Aircraft Structural Integrity Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyXi’an710072China

In contrast to their conventional crystalline counterparts,amorphous solids exhibit diverse dynamic relaxation mechanisms under external *** challenge to understanding their behavior lies in unifying microscopic dynamics,relaxation,and macroscopic *** study establishes a potential link by quantifying the characteristic time of the anelastic-to-plastic transition through dynamic mechanical relaxation and stress relaxation tests across a wide temperature range in both the supercooled liquid and the glassy *** is found that the stress relaxation time in the glassy solids follows an Arrhenius relationship,aligning with the mainαrelaxation time,and unveils a finding:αrelaxation continues to govern deformation even below the glass transition,challenging previous assumptions of the role of secondaryβrelaxation.A hierarchically constrained atomic dynamics model rationalizes the temperature dependence ofαrelaxation and the transition fromβtoαrelaxation,also providing evidence that the stretched exponent in the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts equation can serve as an order *** work highlights the role ofαrelaxation in the glassy state and contributes to elucidating the potential correlation between relaxation and deformation in amorphous materials.

关键词： dynamic relaxation nonelastic deformation metallic glasses aging

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Experimental and process modelling of chemical composition and thermal ageing of Ti-doped cast Cu-Ni alloy for microstructural, conductivity, and mechanical properties

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems

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Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems 2025年 9卷

作者： Okechukwu, Cynthia C. Edoziuno, Francis O. Adediran, Adeolu A. Okuma, Silas O. Okoubulu, Augustine B. Department of Mechanical Engineering Nigeria Maritime University Delta State Okerenkoko Nigeria Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Landmark University Kwara State Omu-Aran Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Science University of Johannesburg South Africa Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Delta State University of Science and Technology Delta State Ozoro Nigeria

This study investigates the effects of titanium (Ti) content and thermal aging on the mechanical properties, microstructure, and electrical conductivity of Ti-doped Cu-10Ni alloy. Both as-cast and heat-treated alloys were subjected to comprehensive mechanical testing, electrical conductivity measurements, and microstructural analysis. A response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for statistical analysis, predictive modeling, and optimization, with Ti concentration (0.1–3.5 wt%) and aging temperature (400°C–500°C) as the independent variables, and tensile strength, elongation, hardness, impact strength, and electrical conductivity as response variables. The results indicate that Ti addition, particularly in the range of 1.5–3.5 wt%, refined the as-cast microstructure of Cu-10Ni alloys, leading to modest improvements in mechanical properties compared to the base alloy. Aging treatments promoted the formation of precipitates and second phases, notably β-Ni₃Ti, β-Ti₂, and δ-Ti₂Ni, which contributed significantly to property enhancement. The alloy's ultimate tensile strength (UTS) reached 659 MPa with 2.5 wt% Ti aged at 500°C for 2 h. At 3.5 wt% Ti and 450°C aging, the alloy exhibited the highest values for elongation (24.23 %), hardness (193.4 BHN), and impact strength (157 J). Electrical conductivity also improved across all Ti concentrations after aging, with conductivity increasing with higher aging temperatures, though the rate of increase diminished as Ti content rose. Statistical analysis demonstrated good agreement between experimental and predicted values, with the regression models being statistically significant (p © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Tensile strength

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Experimental Investigation of Gaseous Film Cooling for Cylindrical Rotating Detonation Engines

Experimental Investigation of Gaseous Film Cooling for Cylin...

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AIAA science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Chan, Allen Nakata, Kotaro Itouyama, Noboru Matsuoka, Ken Kasahara, Jiro Kawasaki, Akira Matsuo, Akiko Higashino, Kazuyuki Funaki, Ikkoh Department of Aerospace Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya464-8603 Japan Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability Nagoya University Nagoya464-8603 Japan School of Mechanical Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya464-8603 Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Shizuoka University Hamamatsu432-8561 Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Keio University Yokohama223-8522 Japan Technical Development Division Nets Co. Ltd Sakado350-0233 Japan Institute of Space and Astronautical Science JAXA Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Sagamihara252-5210 Japan

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

A new combustor has been developed for an experimental test campaign on film cooling for hollow-type Rotating Detonation Engines (RDEs). In support of these research efforts, a modular design has been employed with interchangeable injector manifolds such that a range of coolants, propellants, injection geometries, and operating conditions can be examined. The engine is instrumented with pressure transducers and thermocouples to evaluate performance and heat loads at various locations along the axial direction. High-speed imaging has also been used to study the wave stability, internal combustion structure, and engine ignition process. A parametric study with varying coolant mass flow rate between 5-25% was conducted to characterize the influence of the coolant layer on the engine’s operation. Phase 1 of the study focused on gaseous propellants, utilizing ethylene (C2H4) as the fuel, oxygen (O2) as the oxidizer, and nitrogen (N2) as an inert coolant. In Phase 2, the investigation shifted to a fuel-based film coolant. Thermocouple measurements revealed a significant reduction in heat flux along the length of the combustion chamber. The highest cooling effectiveness was observed immediately after coolant injection, extending to the region near the wave’s triple point. Stable wave propagation was also observed with a reasonable reduction in engine performance. These initial findings demonstrate the potential of axially injected gaseous film cooling as an effective means of thermal management for RDEs. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Combustion chambers

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GRIPPY: A VR Grip Controller for Combating Sarcopenia in Elderly

GRIPPY: A VR Grip Controller for Combating Sarcopenia in Eld...

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Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW), IEEE Conference on

作者： Hoilam Leong Jiang Wu Yoke Chin Lai Loïc Faulon Xu Sun Boon Giin Lee Department of Mechanical Materials and Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China School of Computer Science

ISBN: (数字)9798331514846

ISBN: (纸本)9798331525637

As the global population ages, sarcopenia—age-related muscle decline—demands innovative solutions. This paper introduces GRIPPY, a VR grip controller that transforms basic handgrip exercises into immersive, gamified tasks. By integrating sensor-based interaction and VR gameplay, older adults can strengthen grip while maintaining higher motivation. A preliminary test with three participants (ages 68–80) revealed key usability insights, underscoring GRIPPY’s potential for enhanced rehabilitation. Future work will refine its design and validate long-term efficacy.

关键词： Training Three-dimensional displays Conferences Virtual reality Transforms User interfaces Muscles Older adults Usability

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