Chemicalcompounds from Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy and functional experimentations of pulverized egg shell extract (PESE) with acetone as solvent showed the presence of polar and non-polar compounds. Among th...
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The recycling of spent batteries has become increasingly important owing to their wide applications,abundant raw material supply,and sustainable *** with the degraded cathode,spent anode graphite often has a relativel...
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The recycling of spent batteries has become increasingly important owing to their wide applications,abundant raw material supply,and sustainable *** with the degraded cathode,spent anode graphite often has a relatively intact structure with few defects after long ***,most spent graphite is simply burned or discarded due to its limited value and inferior performance on using conventional recycling methods that are complex,have low efficiency,and fail in performance ***,we propose a fast,efficient,and“intelligent”strategy to regenerate and upcycle spent graphite based on defect‐driven targeted *** Sn as a nanoscale healant,we used rapid heating(~50 ms)to enable dynamic Sn droplets to automatically nucleate around the surface defects on the graphite upon cooling owing to strong binding to the defects(~5.84 eV/atom),thus simultaneously achieving Sn dispersion and graphite *** a result,the regenerated graphite showed enhanced capacity and cycle stability(458.9 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 A g^(−1) after 100 cycles),superior to those of commercial *** from the self‐adaption of Sn dispersion,spent graphite with different degrees of defects can be regenerated to similar structures and *** analysis indicates that targeted regeneration and upcycling have significantly lower energy consumption(~99%reduction)and near‐zero CO_(2) emission,and yield much higher profit than hydrometallurgy,which opens a new avenue for direct upcycling of spend graphite in an efficient,green,and profitable manner for sustainable battery manufacture.
Electrowetting on dielectric(EWOD)and dielectrowetting(DEW)are two major principles to drive droplets in digital *** is effective to manipulate(create,transport,split,and merge)conductive droplets being currently used...
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Electrowetting on dielectric(EWOD)and dielectrowetting(DEW)are two major principles to drive droplets in digital *** is effective to manipulate(create,transport,split,and merge)conductive droplets being currently used for many biological,chemical,and optical *** can also manipulate droplets but more efficiently with dielectric(nonconductive)fluids.A digital microfluidic platform efficiently operable by both EWOD and DEW would offer higher versatility in handling a wide range of fluids,regardless of their *** this regard,this article presents a new hybrid electrode design enabling EWOD and DEW to drive various kinds of droplet fluids on a single *** addition,a slippery liquid-infused surface(SLIPS)is integrated with the hybrid *** SLIPS is well known to resist biofouling and repel sticky fluids,which endows the hybrid electrodes with much wider application *** a result,the present SLIPS-integrated hybrid electrodes facilitate actuating various kinds of fluids which would not be driven by conventional EWOD and/or DEW *** paper presents the successful transportation of not only conductive fluids including water,protein solution,glycerol,and honey but also nonconductive fluids including dodecane,silicone oil,and light and heavy crude oil,all driven by the SLIPS-integrated hybrid *** performance comparisons among solid,interdigitating,and hybrid electrodes are made by testing both conductive and nonconductive droplets.
Acritical issue in laserpowder bed fusion(LPBF)additivemanufacturing is the selective vaporization of alloying elements resulting in poor mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of *** process also alters the p...
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Acritical issue in laserpowder bed fusion(LPBF)additivemanufacturing is the selective vaporization of alloying elements resulting in poor mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of *** process also alters the part’s chemical composition compared to the *** we present a novel multi-physics modeling framework,integrating heat and fluid flow simulations,thermodynamic calculations,and evaporation modeling to estimate and control the composition change during LPBF of nickel-based *** validation confirms the accuracy of our ***,we quantify the relative vulnerabilities of different nickel-based superalloys to composition change quantitatively and we examine the effect of remelting due to the layer-by-layer deposition during the LPBF *** variations in evaporative flux and compositions for each element were determined,providing valuable insights into the LPBF process and product *** results of this study can be used to optimize theLPBF process parameters such as laserpower,scanning speed,and powder layer thickness to ensure the production of high-quality components with desired chemical compositions.
The development of Si-HfO_(2)/Yb_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)/Yb_(2)SiO_(5)environmental barrier coatings(EBCs)aims to improve the operational temperature and longevity of ceramic matrix composites(CMCs)in turbine ***,several criti...
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The development of Si-HfO_(2)/Yb_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)/Yb_(2)SiO_(5)environmental barrier coatings(EBCs)aims to improve the operational temperature and longevity of ceramic matrix composites(CMCs)in turbine ***,several critical questions remain unanswered,including the oxidation mechanism of Si-HfO_(2)bond coating,the compatibility of its mixed thermally grown oxide(m-TGO)with adjacent layers during thermal cycling,and the evolution pattern of vertical mud-cracks that impact the overall performance in *** plasma spraying physical vapor deposition(PS-PVD),we fabricated these EBCs on a CMC substrate,and thermal cycling tests at 1400,1450,and 1500℃ revealed that their durability reached 200 h.m-TGO growth followed a parabolic model,with the oxygen diffusion activation energy being 133.69 kJ/mol between 1400 and 1450℃ and 101.47 kJ/mol from 1450 to 1500℃,emphasizing that the transport of molecular oxygen is key to controlling the oxidation of m-TGO in this EBC *** residual stresses and stored elastic strain energy build up between m-TGO and adjacent layers,especially around the cristobalite phase transition temperature,causing interlaminar crack formation in later thermal cycles,the stored elastic strain energy remains lower than that of the silicon oxide-thermally grown oxide(SiO_(2)-TGO)formed in Si bond coating *** addition to[110]dislocations,(001)twinning and interaction zones between twinning and dislocations were discovered for the first time,driving the bifurcation of mud ***,controlling the mud-crack density is vital for protection of Yb_(2)SiO_(5)layer,as bifurcated mud-crack tips may converge with adjacent mud-cracks.
The mineral-based nanoparticles derived from grinding of automobile brake pads are used in this study. The influence of nano-brake-pad dust particles in polyimide (PI) reinforced basalt fiber (BF) composites is experi...
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Homogeneous heterogeneous(heterophase)interfaces regulated with low energy barriers have a fast response to applied electric fields and could provide a unique interfacial polarization,which facilitate the transport of...
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Homogeneous heterogeneous(heterophase)interfaces regulated with low energy barriers have a fast response to applied electric fields and could provide a unique interfacial polarization,which facilitate the transport of electrons across the *** regulation on the interfaces is effective in modulating electromagnetic wave absorbing ***,we construct NbS_(2)–NiS_(2)heterostructures with NiS_(2)nanoparticles uniformly grown in NbS_(2)hollow nanospheres,and such particular structure enhances the interfacial *** strong electron transfer at the interface promotes electron transport throughout the material,which results in less scattering,promotes conduct ion loss and dielectric polarization relaxation,improves dielectric loss,and results in a good impedance matching of the ***,the absorbing band may be successful *** regulating the amount of NiS_(2),the heterogeneous interface is finely alternated so that the overall wave-absorbing performance is shifted to lower *** a NiS_(2)content of 15 wt%and an absorber thickness of 1.84 mm,the minimum reflection loss at 14.56 GHz is53.1 dB,and the effective absorption bandwidth is 5.04 GHz;more importantly,the minimum reflection loss in different bands is20 dB,and the microwave energy absorption rate reaches 99%when the thickness is about 1.5–4.5 *** work demonstrates the construction of homogeneous heterostructures is effective in improving the electromagnetic absorption properties,providing guideline for the synthesis of highly efficient electromagnetic absorbing materials.
The second law of thermodynamics asserts that energy diffuses from hot to *** resulting temperature gradients drive the efficiencies and failures in a plethora of ***,as the dimensionalities of materials shrink to the...
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The second law of thermodynamics asserts that energy diffuses from hot to *** resulting temperature gradients drive the efficiencies and failures in a plethora of ***,as the dimensionalities of materials shrink to the nanoscale regime,proper heat dissipation strategies becomemore challenging since the mean free paths of phonons become larger than the characteristic length *** leads to temperature gradients that are dependent on interfaces and boundaries,which ultimately can lead to severe thermal ***,we uncover a phenomenon which we refer to as‘phonon funneling’,that allows the control of phonon transport to preferentially direct phonon energy away from geometrically confined interfacial thermal bottlenecks and into localized colder *** phenomenon supersedes heat diffusion based on the macroscale temperature gradients,thus introducing a nanoscale regime in which boundary scattering increases the phonon thermal conductivity of thin films,an opposite effect than what is traditionally *** work advances the fundamental understanding of phonon transport at the nanoscale and the role of efficient scattering methods for enhancing thermal transport.
The solid–liquid interface energy anisotropy of Zn alloys remains poorly understood. Recently, characteristic 14-arm dendritic growth has been observed using time-resolved X-ray computed tomography at SPring-8 during...
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Hardware-based sensing frameworks such as cooperative fuel research engines are conventionally used to monitor research octane number (RON) in the petroleum refining industry. Machine learning techniques are employed ...
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Hardware-based sensing frameworks such as cooperative fuel research engines are conventionally used to monitor research octane number (RON) in the petroleum refining industry. Machine learning techniques are employed to predict the RON of integrated naphtha reforming and isomerisation processes. A dynamic Aspen HYSYS model was used to generate data by introducing artificial uncertainties in the range of ±5% in process conditions, such as temperature, flow rates, etc. The generated data was used to train support vector machines (SVM), Gaussian process regression (GPR), artificial neural networks (ANN), regression trees (RT), and ensemble trees (ET). Hyperparameter tuning was performed to enhance the prediction capabilities of GPR, ANN, SVM, ET and RT models. Performance analysis of the models indicates that GPR, ANN, and SVM with R2 values of 0.99, 0.978, and 0.979 and RMSE values of 0.108, 0.262, and 0.258, respectively performed better than the remaining models and had the prediction capability to capture the RON dependence on predictor variables. ET and RT had an R2 value of 0.94 and 0.89, respectively. The GPR model was used as a surrogate model for fitness function evaluations in two optimisation frameworks based on genetic algorithm and particle swarm method. Optimal parameter values found by the optimisation methodology increased the RON value by 3.52%. The proposed methodology of surrogate-based optimisation will provide a platform for plant-level implementation to realise the concept of industry 4.0 in the refinery.
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