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Unassisted photoelectrochemical CO_(2)reduction by employingⅢ-Ⅴphotoelectrode with 15%solar-to-fuel efficiency

Carbon Energy 2025年第3期7卷 1-10页

作者： Karthik Peramaiah Purushothaman Varadhan Vinoth Ramalingam Bilawal Khan Pradip Kumar Das Hao Huang Hui-Chun Fu Xiulin Yang Vincent Tung Kuo-Wei Huang Jr-Hau He Chemistry Program Center for Renewable Energy and Storage Technologies(CREST)and Division of Physical Science and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)ThuwalSaudi Arabia Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energyand Environment(ISCE2)Agency for ScienceTechnologyand Research(A*STAR)Singapore School of Computing Engineering and TechnologyRobert Gordon UniversityAberdeenUK Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonSARHong KongChina Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilinChina Department of Chemical System and Engineering University of TokyoTokyoJapan

Solar-driven carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)provides an oppor tunity to produce value-added chemical feedstocks and ***,achieving efficient and stable photoelectrochemical(PEC)CO_(2)RR into selec tive products is challenging owing to the difficulties associated with the optical and the electrical configuration of PEC devices and electrocatalyst ***,we construct an efficient,concentrated sunlight-driven CO_(2)RR setup consisting of InGaP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction cell as a photoanode and oxide-derived Au(Ox-Au)as a cathode to perform the unassisted PEC CO_(2)*** one-sun illumination,a maximum operating current density of 11.5 mA cm^(-2) with an impressive Faradaic efficiency(FE)of~98%is achieved for carbon monoxide(CO)production,leading to a solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency of~15%.Under concentrated intensity of 10 sun,the photoanode records a maximum current density of~124 mAcm^(-2) and maintains~60%of FE for CO *** results demonstrate crucial advancements in usingⅢ-Ⅴbased photoanodes for concentrated PEC CO_(2)RR.

关键词： photoelectrochemical oxide derived Au concentrated sunlight selec tive products III V photoelectrode pec devices CO reduction solar fuel efficiency

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Solid solution dependence of the deformation behavior in Mg-xZn(x=0,1,2 wt%)alloys:In-situ neutron diffraction and crystal plasticity modeling

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2025年第2期13卷 823-838页

作者： Huai Wang Soo Yeol Lee You Sub Kim Huamiao Wang Wanchuck Woo Ke An School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao 266520China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics School of Mechanics and Engineering ScienceShanghai UniversityShanghai 200072China Neutron Science Division Korea Atomic Energy Research InstituteDaejeon 34057Republic of Korea Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge 37831United States

The effects of solid solution on the deformation behavior of binary Mg-xZn(x=0,1,2 wt%)alloys featuring a designated texture that enables extension twinning under tension parallel to the basal pole in most grains,were investigated using in-situ neutron diffraction and the EVPSC-TDT *** diffraction was used to quantitatively track grain-level lattice strains and diffraction intensity changes(related to mechanical twinning)in differently oriented grains of each alloy during cyclic tensile/compressive *** measurements were accurately captured by the *** stress-strain curves of Mg-1 wt%Zn and Mg-2 wt%Zn alloys show as-expected solid solution strengthening from the addition of Zn compared to pure *** macroscopic yielding and hardening behaviors are explained by alternating slip and twinning modes as calculated by the *** solid solution's influence on individual deformation modes,including basal〈a〉slip,prismatic〈a〉slip,and extension twinning,was then quantitatively assessed in terms of activity,yielding behavior,and hardening response by combining neutron diffraction results with crystal plasticity *** Mg-1 wt%Zn alloy displays distinct yielding and hardening behavior due to solid solution softening of prismatic〈a〉***,the dependence of extension twinning,in terms of the twinning volume fraction,on Zn content exhibits opposite trends under tensile and compressive loadings.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Deformation behavior Solid solution Crystal plasticity modeling Neutron diffraction

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Impact of Roughness Spanwise Wavelength on Secondary Flow Rearrangement

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Journal of Fluids engineering 2025年第8期147卷 081302页

作者： Yang, Jianzhi Yang, Xiang Liu, Luoqin Zhu, Jian Zhu, Xiaowei Department of Built Environment Hefei University of Technology Hefei ANHUI230009 China Department of Mechanical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Department of Modern Mechanics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei ANHUI230027 China Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Portland State University PortlandOR97207 United States

Spanwise heterogeneity in surface roughness generates secondary mean flows in a rough-wall turbulent boundary layer. This study investigates the influence of roughness spanwise wavelength on the arrangement of these secondary flows using direct numerical simulation (DNS). We systematically vary the spanwise wavelength, S/δ, from π/16 to 2π, while maintaining constant roughness height and surface coverage density. Here, S represents the roughness spanwise wavelength, and δdenotes the outer length scale, which in this case is the half-channel height. Secondary flows are observed in all DNS cases, but their configurations depend on the spanwise wavelength. Specifically, small wavelengths result in low-momentum pathways (LMPs) above the roughness elements, whereas large wavelengths lead to high-momentum pathways (HMPs) at these locations. To elucidate the mechanisms behind this rearrangement, we analyze the mean streamwise vorticity transport equation. The findings indicate that shear stress anisotropy induces another pair of secondary vortices above the roughness elements as the spanwise wavelength increases. Given that secondary flows are features of the mean flow, we further examine the budgets of the dispersive kinetic energy (DKE). The analyses reveal that at small spanwise wavelengths, shear production primarily generates DKE, while at large wavelengths, wake production becomes the dominant energy source. Building on these insights, we propose a refined classification for surfaces with spanwise heterogeneity. Copyright © 2025 by ASME.

关键词： Kinetic energy

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Ultra-precision surface treatment of beta-titanium alloy printed using laser and electron beam melting sources

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CIRP Journal of Manufacturing science and Technology 2025年 58卷 1-19页

作者： Boban, Jibin Ahmed, Afzaal Gokcekaya, Ozkan Nakano, Takayoshi Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Kerala 678623 India Mikrotools Private Limited Jalan Bukit Merah 159456 Singapore Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Osaka565-0871 Japan

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a near net shape fabrication technology offering exceptional design freedom for complex part production. However, the inadequate surface quality and poorly generated micro-features adversely affect the functional performance of metal AM parts thereby restricting the direct adoption in biomedical implantation applications. Ultra-precision diamond turning (UPDT) can be regarded as a possible solution to overcome the aforementioned challenges in metal AM. However, the machinability of metal AM parts at ultra-precision level is highly sensitive to the material specific attributes and microstructure generated by the thermal characteristics of the process. In light of this, the present study follows a novel direction by investigating the dependence of distinct material characteristics imparted by two different AM powder melting sources on the ultra-precision post-treatment performance. Experiments were conducted on laser and electron beam printed beta-Ti alloy (Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al) which has potential importance in biomedical applications. The results demonstrate that the microstructural variations in respective samples affect the process performance and final surface integrity. The samples printed using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) achieved a final surface finish (Sa) of ∼66.3 nm after UPDT relative to the electron beam powder bed fusion (EPBF) samples (∼104.3 nm). The cutting forces tends to exhibit sharp dip in forces in case of LPBF samples when micro-cutting was done perpendicular to the beam scanning direction. The chip morphology analysis corresponding to the LPBF and EPBF samples substantiates the generation of chips with segmentation/serrations on the free chip surface and parent material adhesion on the tool-chip contact surface. Further, precise microfeature generation was successfully accomplished on both the samples with minimal dimensional deviations on LPBF sample. Thus, the outcomes of the study establish the potential of UPDT

关键词： Titanium alloys

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Microstructural Evolution of Cu-Al-Ni Shape Memory Alloys Fabricated by Powder Injection Molding

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Funtai Oyobi Fummatsu Yakin/Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 2025年 72卷 S613-S616页

作者： Rashidi, Kambiz Sulong, Abu Bakar Muhamad, Norhamidi Fayyaz, Abdolali Mohd Foudzi, Farhana Basir, Al Advanced Manufacturing Research Group Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Department of Materials Engineering Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran

In this study, powder injection molding method was employed to produce Cu-12Al-4Ni (wt%) shape memory alloys, and the microstructural evolution of the samples was studied. The binder system used in this investigation included paraffin wax (65 wt%), high density polyethylene (30 wt%) and stearic acid (5 wt%). Feedstocks containing 63 and 64 vol% powder mixtures were produced with the selected mixing parameters, then their rheological behaviour was studied. After producing the green parts using the certain injection parameters, they were subjected to debinding and sintering processes to produce the final parts. Finally, the sintered parts were characterized for their microstructure by SEM. ©2025 Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy.

关键词： Sintering

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Multi-objective Optimization of the Process Design in HSLA Steels Using Physically Based Mean Field Modeling

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Metallurgical and materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and materials science 2025年第5期56卷 1887-1901页

作者： Tzini, M.I.T. Haidemenopoulos, G.N. Thøgersen, A. Diplas, S. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Thessaly Volos38334 Greece SINTEF Industry P.O. Box 124 Blindern Oslo0314 Norway

A multi-objective optimization approach is presented for the process design of an X70 HSLA steel plate using a physically based mean field (PBMF) model. The PBFM model incorporates an integrated precipitation and recrystallization model to describe the microstructural evolution due to the interaction of strain-induced precipitation of niobium and titanium carbonitrides and static recrystallization of austenite. An integer multi-objective optimization problem is formulated, and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is applied on the PBMF model to determine a list of optimal processing routes that satisfy specific process design constraints. Aiming in increasing the strengthening and fracture toughness of the material, a trade-off between the microstructural objectives is considered;average ferrite grain size after accelerated cooling, niobium content in solution and residual strain at the end of multipass hot rolling. Higher residual strains and lower niobium in solution due to higher degree of strain-induced precipitation result in smaller average ferrite grain sizes. An optimal processing route was selected, and the microstructure and precipitation state of the processed material were characterized experimentally revealing a good agreement with model predictions. The proposed approach can contribute to the process design of HSLA and microalloyed steels. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Multiobjective optimization

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Self SOC Estimation for Second-Life Lithium-Ion Batteries

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 75033-75042页

作者： Gotz, Joelton Deonei Viana, Emilson Ribeiro Galvão, José Rodolfo Corrêa, Fernanda Cristina Borsato, Milton Badin, Alceu André Paraná Curitiba81280-340 Brazil Department of Computer Science Paraná Curitiba80215-901 Brazil Department of Physics Paraná Curitiba81280-340 Brazil Paraná Ponta Grossa80230-901 Brazil Postgraduate Program in Mechanical and Materials Engineering Paraná Curitiba81280-340 Brazil

Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are the mainstream technology for energy storage in several industrial segments, such as mobility and stationary systems for solar, wind, or other alternative energy source. This technology has a long lifetime, low self-discharge, high capacity and density, and can store energy longer. Despite that, LIB is suitable to supply power for electric mobility if its state of health (SOH) is higher than 80%. Then, an alternative for batteries with SOH below that is recycling or second-life batteries (SLB). The first is expensive and complex;only some companies retain the technology. Still, the SLB can be an excellent solution to maintaining LIBs in operation for slow vehicles or stationary systems. However, SLB requires intelligent battery management systems (BMS) because the packs are composed of cells with different characteristics, which makes the operation more difficult. This work presents a system consisting of two Machine Learning (ML) layers to automatically estimate the state of charge (SOC) of SLB independent of the battery’s capacity or age. In the first phase, a Random Forest (RF) model was built and trained to discover the curve capacity of different SLB characteristics and capacities. After the capacity curve selection, in the second phase, a new RF model was built and trained for each capacity curve to make SOC inferences of the batteries. The discharge data curve of one hundred batteries was used for the development, whereas eighteen were used for the training and eighty-two for tests. The results indicated a root square mean error (RSME) below 45 mAh for the capacity estimation (phase 1), and an RSME below 0.87% was found in the second phase for the SOC estimation. Finally, the capacity and SOC models have been inserted in a Raspberry system to measure the main parameters of SLB (voltage and current) and make inferences in real time independent of the cell’s age. The results showed an RSME below 100 mAh for the first layer and be

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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Insights into high electric-field-induced strain in BiAlO_(3)modified Bi_(1/2)Na_(1/2)TiO_(3)films

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2025年第3期14卷 29-38页

作者： Muhammad Sheeraz Sung Sik Won Jong Pil Kim Sabir Ali Fazli Akram Hyoung-Su Han Bong Chan Park Tae Heon Kim Ill Won Kim Aman Ullah Chang Won Ahn Department of Physics and Energy Harvest Storage Research Center(EHSRC) University of UlsanUlsan 44610Republic of Korea Research Center Kairos Co.Ltd.Suwon 16229Republic of Korea Busan Center Korea Basic Science InstituteBusan 46742Republic of Korea Department of Physics University of Science and TechnologyBannu 28100Pakistan Center for High Technology Materials and the Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of New MexicoAlbuquerque 87131USA School of Materials Science and Engineering University of UlsanUlsan 44776Republic of Korea Electronic Materials Research Center Korea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul 02792Republic of Korea

The development of high-strain piezoelectric materials has presented a longstanding challenge,particularly in the development of high-strain polycrystalline lead-free piezoelectric thin *** this work,we present a strategy for customizing the electrostrain in lead-free thin films through phase transition *** this study,we achieved a high recoverable electrostrain in a Bi_(1/2)Na_(1/2)TiO_(3)–BiAlO_(3)(BNT–BA)*** accomplish this,ferroelectric BNT and BNT–BA films with identical thicknesses of 500 nm were fabricated on Pt(111)/TiO_(2)/SiO_(2)/Si(100)substrates via a sol-gel *** with the BNT film,the BNT–BA film exhibited a greater polarization response and superior field strength endurance,maintaining the energy storage density beyond the breakdown field strength of the *** BNT–BA film demonstrated a large unipolar strain of S=0.43%with a normalized strain(maximum strain/maximum applied electric field(S_(max)/E_(max)))of 203 pm/V,followed by an effective transverse piezoelectric coefficient(e∗31,f)of~2.48 C/m^(2),which was more than two times greater than the value obtained for BNT(i.e.,maximum strain/maximum applied electric field(S_(max)/E_(max))=72 pm/V and e^(∗)_(31,f)of~1.09 C/m^(2)).This high strain response in the BNT–BA film can be attributed to the electric-field-induced phase transition of the mixed(i.e.,cubic and rhombohedral)phases into rhombohedral and tetragonal phases(mainly the rhombohedral structure),which recover back to the original state when the electric field is *** findings suggest new pathways for achieving significant strain levels via alternative mechanisms,potentially enhancing the effectiveness and expanding the applications of piezoelectric materials.

关键词： electrostrain piezoelectrics Bi_(1/2)Na_(1/2)TiO_(3)(BNT) BiAlO_(3)(BA) thin films phase transition

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Solar Convective Furnace: System Dynamics and Operations Strategy

Solar Convective Furnace: System Dynamics and Operations Str...

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Energy Technologies and CO2 Management symposium, 2025, held as part of the TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition, TMS 2025

作者： Kumar, Vishwa Deepak Chandra, Laltu Shekhar, Rajiv Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Jheepasani India Department of Sustainable Energy Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur India Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur India

ISBN: (纸本)9783031806872

Heat treatment of aluminum is an energyEnergy-intensive process using fossil fuels, either directly or indirectly as electricity. To reduce the resulting greenhouse gas emissions and their detrimental effect on the environment, a novel open volumetric air receiver-based solar convective furnaceSolar convective furnace (SCF) system has been developed. Extensive experiments and computations have demonstrated the feasibility of a SCF equipped with thermal energyEnergy storage. The overall system efficiency of ~24% is higher than that of a PV panel with batteries as storage. Preliminary investigations have been reported on the different modes of operating a solar convective furnaceSolar convective furnace system. Subsequently, there is a need to develop a detailed strategy for daily operations. Considering these observations, this paper reports two important aspects of this system. One, the overall system dynamicsSystem dynamics in terms of the utilization of heat, and two, the strategy to operate the solar convective furnaceSolar convective furnace in industry. © The Minerals, Metals & materials Society 2025.

关键词： Strategic planning

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Three-dimensional surface topography analysis of die-sinking electrical discharge machined eco-friendly beryllium-free copper alloys

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International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 2025年第7期138卷 2911-2953页

作者： Vijayan, Vipin Saju, Kaiprappady Kunchu Sundaresan, Jithin Division of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering Cochin University of Science and Technology Thrikkakkara Kerala Kochi682022 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Muthoot Institute of Technology and Science Varikoli Kerala Ernakulam682308 India Business Information Systems Program Information Systems Department School of Computing and Creative Arts Bina Nusantara University Senayan DKI Jakarta Jakarta10270 Indonesia

Beryllium-copper alloys, the most widely used copper alloys, are utilised extensively in diverse sectors, including the electrical, electronics, instrumentation, metallurgy, aerospace, automotive, petrochemical, machinery manufacturing, and die and mould-making industries. The main drawback of these alloys is that they produce the toxic component, beryllium oxide, which can lead to a chronic lung disease known as berylliosis. Beryllium-free copper alloys, such as copper-nickel-silicon-chromium, are eco-friendly, less costly, and possess properties similar to those of beryllium-copper alloys. Hence, they are now replacing beryllium-copper alloys in the applications mentioned earlier. Due to their high strength and hardness, these alloys are often fabricated into components using unconventional machining techniques, such as electrical discharge machining. Electrical discharge machining is particularly advantageous in industrial applications where precisely controlled random surface textures on these alloys are required. However, despite the industrial significance, research on the electrical discharge machining process of copper-nickel-silicon-chromium alloys is scarce. Therefore, the current work aims to address this research gap by conducting an experimental investigation of the random surfaces generated on copper-nickel-silicon-chromium alloy components after the die-sinking electrical discharge machining process through a comprehensive three-dimensional surface topography analysis. Three-dimensional surface topography parameters overcome the drawbacks of two-dimensional roughness parameters by considering the majority of surface points. This work investigates the effects of input factors, including electrode material, dielectric fluid material, flushing condition, and current on nearly all relevant areal texture (3D) parameters. ANOVA is performed to study the level of significance of each input parameter. The regression analyses reveal that current is the most si

关键词： Beryllium powder metallurgy

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