Understanding the mechanical behavior of nanoparticles has become a key factor for the success of many engineering applications. Classically, for polycrystalline materials one would expect an increase in the yield str...
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Ultrathin nanofilm coatings are proposed as novel dual-purpose materials for sensor applications. Flux-based biosensors, such as those employing enzymes, require incorporation of a diffusion-limiting coating to balanc...
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Cu interconnects have decreased in width and arc at around 100 nm. A decrease in interconnect width have led to a predominately bamboo structured Cu lines. In Cu interconnects, void formation during high temperature i...
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For the past two decades, there has been a tremendous amount of research focused on smart coatings for structural applications;coatings that can sense certain conditions and then respond. These are coatings that typic...
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We present an experimental approach to systematically produce nanostructures with various grain sizes and twin densities in the Ni-Co binary system. Using electrodeposition with various applied current densities and o...
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We present an experimental approach to systematically produce nanostructures with various grain sizes and twin densities in the Ni-Co binary system. Using electrodeposition with various applied current densities and organic additive contents in the deposition bath, we synthesize nanostructured fee and hcp solid solutions with a range of compositions. Due to the low stacking fault energy (SFE) of these alloys, growth twins are readily formed during deposition, and by adjusting the deposition conditions, a range of twin boundary densities is possible. The resulting nanostructured alloys cannot be described by a single characteristic length scale, but instead must be characterized in terms of (1) a true grain size pertaining to general high-angle grain boundaries and (2) an effective grain size that incorporates twin boundaries. Analysis of Hall-Petch strength scaling for these materials is complicated by their dual length scales, but the hardness trends found in Ni-80Co are found to be roughly in line with those seen in pure nanocrystalline nickel.
When epoxy coated reinforcement (ECR) was introduced into widespread use in the 1980s, there was tremendous excitement that this type of reinforcement would solve many of the corrosion issues associated with salt-cont...
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Optomechanics arises from the photon momentum and its exchange with low-dimensional *** is well known that optical radiation exerts pressure on objects,pushing them along the light ***,optical pulling of an object aga...
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Optomechanics arises from the photon momentum and its exchange with low-dimensional *** is well known that optical radiation exerts pressure on objects,pushing them along the light ***,optical pulling of an object against the light path is still a counter-intuitive ***,we present a general concept of optical pulling-opto-thermoelectric pulling(OTEP)—where the optical heating of a light-absorbing particle using a simple plane wave can pull the particle itself against the light *** irradiation orientation-directed pulling force imparts self-restoring behaviour to the particles,and three-dimensional(3D)trapping of single particles is achieved at an extremely low optical intensity of 10^(−2)mWμm^(−2).Moreover,the OTEP force can overcome the short trapping range of conventional optical tweezers and optically drive the particle flow up to a macroscopic *** concept of selfinduced opto-thermomechanical coupling is paving the way towards freeform optofluidic technology and lab-on-achip devices.
In the United States,more than 94%highways are paved with asphalt materials and placing crack sealant materials has been a common pavement maintenance for *** sealing treatment includes the use of a router to create a...
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In the United States,more than 94%highways are paved with asphalt materials and placing crack sealant materials has been a common pavement maintenance for *** sealing treatment includes the use of a router to create a reservoir on the intended cracks whereas crack filling is given without doing any modification to the crack *** the initial cost of crack sealing is higher,it is expected to have a longer service period compared to crack *** is little research on comparison of short and long term cost effectiveness between these two treatments using the real field cost data *** this study four test sites in texas were treated with crack filling and sealing using the same sealant material and finishing *** effectiveness of both treatments was measured in terms of initial,annual average and life cycle cost based on the cost inputs during *** general,the results of this study indicated that(1)on an average approximately 45%initial cost increase was estimated with the two routing configurations of crack sealing;(2)material and labor cost is found to have the most significant effect on the higher initial cost of crack sealing compared to other associated costs;(3)annual average and life cycle costs have shown that crack sealing is more cost effective pavement maintenance compared to crack filling over a long period of time;(4)agency cost is observed to be reduced by approximately 24%with crack sealing treatment based on the35 year analysis period.
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