Inspired by the“run-and-tumble”behaviours of Escherichia coli(***)cells,we develop opto-thermoelectric *** microswimmers are based on dielectric-Au Janus particles driven by a self-sustained electrical field that ar...
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Inspired by the“run-and-tumble”behaviours of Escherichia coli(***)cells,we develop opto-thermoelectric *** microswimmers are based on dielectric-Au Janus particles driven by a self-sustained electrical field that arises from the asymmetric optothermal response of the *** illumination by a defocused laser beam,the Janus particles exhibit an optically generated temperature gradient along the particle surfaces,leading to an opto-thermoelectrical field that propels the *** further discover that the swimming direction is determined by the particle *** enable navigation of the swimmers,we propose a new optomechanical approach to drive the in-plane rotation of Janus particles under a temperature-gradient-induced electrical field using a focused laser *** the rotation laser beam allows us to position the particles at any desired orientation and thus to actively control the swimming direction with high *** incorporating dark-field optical imaging and a feedback control algorithm,we achieve automated propelling and navigation of the *** optothermoelectric microswimmers could find applications in the study of opto-thermoelectrical coupling in dynamic colloidal systems,active matter,biomedical sensing,and targeted drug delivery.
The inter-site distance effect (ISDE) has gained significant attention in heterogeneous catalysis, challenging classical models that treat adjacent nonbonded sites as isolated. Recent studies demonstrate that these si...
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The inter-site distance effect (ISDE) has gained significant attention in heterogeneous catalysis, challenging classical models that treat adjacent nonbonded sites as isolated. Recent studies demonstrate that these sites can exhibit long-range cooperative interactions, enhancing reaction efficiencies. Fully leveraging the ISDE to overcome limitations in site reactivity requires a multidisciplinary approach and advanced techniques. This review provides a comprehensive overview of ISDE in electrocatalysis, starting with strategies for synthesizing materials with tunable inter-site distances. It examines ISDE across various catalyst models, including monometallic and heteronuclear atomic sites, active sites within clusters, and the lattice of nanocatalysts, focusing on their electronic structures, spatial geometries, and synergistic interactions. Advanced characterization and computational methods are highlighted as essential for identifying inter-site structures and distances, providing a systematic framework for understanding ISDE's role in electrocatalysis. The review also proposes best practices for studying ISDE, addressing current challenges and offering future perspectives. These insights aim to inform the design of highly efficient catalysts, enhance the understanding of catalytic mechanisms, and contribute to the development of more efficient energy conversion technologies, providing a foundation for further research into optimizing electrocatalysts.
A surface-strained and geometry-optimized TiO2 nanoreactor enhances the performance of electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation. The nanotubular confinement allows spatial regulation of the mass transport of nitrogen during...
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Thermal fatigue during processing of microelectronic devices is a general reliability issue of concern in the microelectronic industry. In particular, as devices continue to be downscaled, the relaxation mechanisms op...
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Redox polymers are a class of high-capacity, low-cost electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage, butthe mechanisms governing their cycling stability are not well understood. Here we investigate the effect...
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Redox polymers are a class of high-capacity, low-cost electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage, butthe mechanisms governing their cycling stability are not well understood. Here we investigate the effect of anionson the longevity of a p-dopable polymer through comparing two aqueous zinc-based electrolytes. Galvanostaticcycling studies reveal the polymer has better capacity retention in the presence of triflate anions than that withsulfate anions. Based on electrode microstructural analysis and evolution profiles of the cell stacking pressure, theorigin of capacity decay is ascribed to mechanical fractures induced by volume change of the polymer activematerials during repeated cycling. The volume change of the polymer with the triflate anion is 61% less than thatwith the sulfate anion, resulting in fewer cracks in the electrodes. The difference is related to the different anionsolvation structures—the triflate anion has fewer solvated water molecules compared with the sulfate anion,leading to smaller volume expansion. This work highlights that anions with low solvation degree are preferablefor long-term cycling.
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