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arXiv 2020年

作者： Tuckman, Philip J. VanderWerf, Kyle Yuan, Ye Zhang, Shiyun Zhang, Jerry Shattuck, Mark D. O’Hern, Corey S. Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department City College of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Physics Yale University Department of Applied New HavenCT06520 United States Graduate Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States

We investigate the mechanical response of packings of purely repulsive, frictionless disks to quasistatic deformations. The deformations include simple shear strain at constant packing fraction and at constant pressure, "polydispersity" strain (in which we change the particle size distribution) at constant packing fraction and at constant pressure, and isotropic compression. For each deformation, we show that there are two classes of changes in the interparticle contact networks: jump changes and point changes. Jump changes occur when a contact network becomes mechanically unstable, particles "rearrange", and the potential energy (when the strain is applied at constant packing fraction) or enthalpy (when the strain is applied at constant pressure) and all derivatives are discontinuous. During point changes, a single contact is either added to or removed from the contact network. For repulsive linear spring interactions, second- and higher-order derivatives of the potential energy/enthalpy are discontinuous at a point change, while for Hertzian interactions, third- and higher-order derivatives of the potential energy/enthalpy are discontinuous. We illustrate the importance of point changes by studying the transition from a hexagonal crystal to a disordered crystal induced by applying polydispersity strain. During this transition, the system only undergoes point changes, with no jump changes. We emphasize that one must understand point changes, as well as jump changes, to predict the mechanical properties of jammed packings. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Potential energy

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Effects of TiO 2 waste on the formation of clinker phases and mechanical performance and hydration of Portand cement

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CEMENT 2022年 9卷

作者： José S. Andrade Neto Bruna B. Mariani Nilson S. Amorim Júnior Daniel V. Ribeiro Laboratory of Testing on Materials Durability (LEDMa) / Federal University of Bahia Rua Aristides Novis 02. Federação. 40210-630. Salvador/BA Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Civil Engineering (PPEC) / Federal University of Bahia Aristides Novis 02. Federação. 40210-630. Salvador/BA Brazil Department of Materials Science and Technology / Federal University of Bahia Aristides Novis 02. Federação. 40210-630. Salvador/BA Brazil

The incorporation of different levels of UOW into Portland clinker raw meals and its effects on the clinker and cement properties were evaluated. Clinkers were produced and characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and optical microscopy; the cements were produced and physically characterized. Finally, pastes were produced and analyzed using isothermal calorimetry, thermogravimetry, XRD, and compressive strength tests. UOW, when added up to 1.29% in Portland clinker raw meal, acts as a mineralizer, increasing the content of alite by 6.44%. The incorporation of UOW reduces the hydration rate in the first days owing to the increase in the size of the alite crystals and delays the point of sulfate depletion due to the increase in the SO 3 content of the clinkers. Owing to the higher content of alite formed, the cement produced from the raw meal with 1.29% of UOW presents the highest early mechanical strength (up to 7 days).

关键词： Portland clinker Unreacted ore waste (UOW) Mineralizer Hydration

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Observation of anti-parity-time-symmetry, phase transitions and exceptional points in an optical fibre

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Bergman, Arik Duggan, Robert Sharma, Kavita Tur, Moshe Zadok, Avi Alù, Andrea Faculty of Engineering Institute for Nano-Technology and Advanced Materials Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan5290002 Israel Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States School of Electrical Engineering Tel-Aviv University Tel-Aviv6997801 Israel Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY10026 United States

The exotic physics emerging in non-Hermitian systems with balanced distributions of gain and loss has drawn a great deal of attention in recent years. These systems exhibit phase transitions and exceptional point singularities in their spectra, at which eigen-values and eigen-modes coalesce and the overall dimensionality is reduced. Among several peculiar phenomena observed at exceptional points, an especially intriguing property, with relevant practical potential, consists in the inherently enhanced sensitivity to small-scale perturbations. So far, however, these principles have been implemented at the expenses of precise fabrication and tuning requirements, involving tailored nano-structured devices with controlled distributions of optical gain and loss. In this work, anti-parity-time symmetric phase transitions and exceptional point singularities are demonstrated in a single strand of standard single-mode telecommunication fibre, using a setup consisting of entirely of off-the-shelf components. Two propagating signals are amplified and coupled through stimulated Brillouin scattering, which makes the process non-Hermitian and enables exquisite control over gain and loss. Singular response to small variations around the exceptional point and topological features arising around this singularity are experimentally demonstrated with large precision, enabling robustly enhanced spectral response to small-scale changes in the Brillouin frequency shift. Our findings open exciting opportunities for the exploration of non-Hermitian phenomena over a table-top setup, with straightforward extensions to higher-order Hamiltonians and applications in quantum optics, nanophotonics and sensing. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optical fibers

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Non-reciprocal interactions induced by water in confinement

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Jiménez-Ángeles, Felipe Harmon, Katherine Nguyen, Trung Dac Fenter, Paul de la Cruz, Monica Olvera Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Chemistry Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States

Water mediates electrostatic interactions via the orientation of its dipoles around ions, molecules, and interfaces. This induced water polarization consequently influences multiple phenomena. In particular, water polarization modulated by nanoconfinement affects ion adsorption and transport, biomolecular self-assembly, and surface chemical reactions. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to understand how water-mediated interactions change at the nanoscale. Here we show that near the graphene surface anion-cation interactions do not obey the translational and isotropic symmetries of Coulomb’s law. We identify a new property, referred to as non-reciprocity, which describes the non-equivalent and directional interaction between two oppositely charged ions near the confining surface when their positions with respect to the interface are exchanged. Specifically, upon exchange of the two ions’ positions along the surface normal direction the interaction energy changes by about 5kBT. In both cases, confinement enhances the attraction between two oppositely charged ions near the graphene surface, while intercalation of one ion into the graphene layers shifts the interaction to repulsive. While the water permittivity in confinement is different from that in bulk, the effects observed here via molecular dynamics simulations and X-ray reflectivity experiments cannot be accounted for by current permittivity models. Our work shows that the water structure is not enough to infer electrostatic interactions near interfaces. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ions

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Correction to: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Recruiting Nanofiber Bandages Promote Multifunctional Skin Regeneration via Improved Angiogenesis and Immunomodulation

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Advanced Fiber materials 2022年第2期5卷 694-694页

作者： Chen, Yi Yuan, Zhengchao Sun, Weiyan Shafiq, Muhammad Zhu, Jun Chen, Jiafei Tang, Hai Hu, Ling Lin, Weikang Zeng, Yanxi Wang, Long Zhang, Lei She, Yunlang Zheng, Hui Zhao, Guofang Xie, Dong Mo, Xiumei Chen, Chang Department of Thoracic Surgery Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Tongji University Shanghai China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation Shanghai China State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Graduate School Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Central Punjab (UCP) Lahore Pakistan Center for Life Science Tsinghua University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science Institutes of Brain Science Fudan University Shanghai China Department of Cardiology Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital School of Medicine Tongji University Shanghai China Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Hwa Mei Hospital University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China

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Terahertz chiral photonic-crystal cavities for Dirac gap engineering in graphene

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Nature Communications 2025年第1期16卷 1-11页

作者： Tay, Fuyang Sanders, Stephen Baydin, Andrey Song, Zhigang Welakuh, Davis M. Alabastri, Alessandro Rokaj, Vasil Dag, Ceren B. Kono, Junichiro Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley–Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX United States Smalley–Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX United States Rice Advanced Materials Institute Rice University Houston TX United States John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA United States Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter Hamburg Germany Department of Physics Harvard University Cambridge MA United States ITAMP Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Cambridge MA United States Department of Physics Villanova University Villanova PA United States Department of Physics Indiana University Bloomington IN United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston TX United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston TX United States

Strong coupling between matter and vacuum electromagnetic fields in a cavity can induce novel quantum phases in thermal equilibrium via symmetry breaking. Particularly intriguing is the coupling with circularly polarized cavity fields, which can break time-reversal symmetry (TRS) and lead to topological bands. This has spurred significant interest in developing chiral cavities that feature broken TRS, especially in the terahertz (THz) frequency range, where various large-oscillator-strength resonances exist. Here, we present a design for high-quality-factor THz chiral photonic-crystal cavities (PCCs) that achieve broken TRS using a magnetoplasma in a lightly doped semiconductor. We incorporate ab initio density functional theory calculations into the derived microscopic model, allowing a realistic estimate of the vacuum-induced gap in graphene when coupled to our chiral cavity. Our calculations show an enhancement in the light–matter interaction due to Dirac nodes and predict an energy gap on the order of 1 meV. The THz chiral PCCs offer a promising platform for exploring cavity-dressed condensed matter with broken TRS. © The Author(s) 2025.

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Phase transitions in the frustrated Ising ladder with stoquastic and nonstoquastic catalysts

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Physical Review Research 2021年第4期3卷 043013-043013页

作者： Kabuki Takada Shigetoshi Sota Seiji Yunoki Bibek Pokharel Hidetoshi Nishimori Daniel A. Lidar Department of Physics Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan Computational Materials Science Research Team RIKEN Center for Computational Science (R-CCS) Kobe Hyogo 650-0047 Japan Computational Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan Computational Quantum Matter Research Team RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan Department of Physics University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA Center for Quantum Information Science & Technology University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan Graduate School of Information Sciences Tohoku University Sendai Miyagi 980-8579 Japan RIKEN Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program (iTHEMS) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA

The role of nonstoquasticity in the field of quantum annealing and adiabatic quantum computing is an actively debated topic. We study a strongly-frustrated quasi-one-dimensional quantum Ising model on a two-leg ladder to elucidate how a first-order phase transition with a topological origin is affected by interactions of the ±XX-type. Such interactions are sometimes known as stoquastic (negative sign) and nonstoquastic (positive sign) “catalysts”. Carrying out a symmetry-preserving real-space renormalization group analysis and extensive density-matrix renormalization group computations, we show that the phase diagrams obtained by these two methods are in qualitative agreement with each other and reveal that the first-order quantum phase transition of a topological nature remains stable against the introduction of both XX-type catalysts. This is the first study of the effects of nonstoquasticity on a first-order phase transition between topologically distinct phases. Our results indicate that nonstoquastic catalysts are generally insufficient for removing topological obstacles in quantum annealing and adiabatic quantum computing.

关键词： Adiabatic quantum optimization Phase transitions by order Quantum spin models Density matrix renormalization group Renormalization group

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Tunneling spectroscopy of c-axis epitaxial cuprate junctions

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Physical Review B 2020年第22期101卷 224512-224512页

作者： Panpan Zhou Liyang Chen Ilya Sochnikov Tsz Chun Wu Matthew S. Foster Anthony T. Bollinger Xi He Ivan Božović Douglas Natelson Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Department of Physics University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut 06269 USA Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973–5000 USA Department of Chemistry Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA

Atomically precise epitaxial structures are unique systems for tunneling spectroscopy that minimize extrinsic effects of disorder. We present a systematic tunneling spectroscopy study, over a broad doping, temperature, and bias range, in epitaxial c-axis La2−xSrxCuO4/La2CuO4/La2−xSrxCuO4 heterostructures. The behavior of these superconductor/insulator/superconductor (SIS) devices is unusual. Down to 20 mK there is complete suppression of c-axis Josephson critical current with a barrier of only 2 nm of La2CuO4, and the zero-bias conductance remains at 20–30% of the normal-state conductance, implying a substantial population of in-gap states. Tunneling spectra show greatly suppressed coherence peaks. As the temperature is raised, the superconducting gap fills in rather than closing at Tc. For all doping levels, the spectra show an inelastic tunneling feature at ∼80 meV, suppressed as T exceeds Tc. These nominally simple epitaxial cuprate junctions deviate markedly from expectations based on the standard Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory.

关键词： Coherence length Impurities in superconductors Josephson effect Quasiparticles & collective excitations Superconducting gap Superconducting phase transition d-wave Cuprates Heterostructures High-temperature superconductors Multilayer thin films Scanning tunneling spectroscopy

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A Dual-Responsive Liquid Crystal Elastomer for Multi-Level Encryption and Transient Information Display

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第48期135卷

作者： Hong-Qin Wang Yuqi Tang Zi-Yang Huang Fang-Zhou Wang Peng-Fei Qiu Xinfang Zhang Prof. Cheng-Hui Li Prof. Quan Li State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University 210023 Nanjing China Contribution: Investigation (lead) Writing - original draft (lead) Writing - review & editing (supporting) Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University 211189 Nanjing China Contribution: Investigation (supporting) Writing - original draft (supporting) Writing - review & editing (supporting) Materials Science Graduate Program Kent State University 44242 Kent Ohio USA Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Funding acquisition (equal) Investigation (supporting) Project administration (lead) Writing - original draft (supporting) Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Funding acquisition (equal) Investigation (supporting) Supervision (lead) Writing - original draft (supporting) Writing - review & editing (equal)

Information security has gained increasing attention in the past decade, leading to the development of advanced materials for anti-counterfeiting, encryption and instantaneous information display. However, it remains challenging to achieve high information security with simple encryption procedures and low-energy stimuli. Herein, a series of strain/temperature-responsive liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are developed to achieve dual-modal, multi-level information encryption and real-time, rewritable transient information display. The as-prepared polydomain LCEs can change from an opaque state to a transparent state under strain or temperature stimuli, with the transition strains or temperatures highly dependent on the concentration of long-chain flexible spacers. Information encrypted by different LCE inks can be decrypted under specific strains or temperatures, leading to multi-level protection of information security. Furthermore, with the combination of the phase transition of polydomain LCEs and the photothermal effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), we achieved a repeatable transient information display by using near-infrared (NIR) light as a pen for writing. This study provides new insight into the development of advanced encryption materials with versatility and high security for broad applications.

关键词： Dual-Responsive Information Display Liquid Crystal Elastomer Multi-Level Encryption Transparency Transition

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EMPRESS. IX. Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies are Very Gas-Rich Dispersion-Dominated Systems: Will JWST Witness Gaseous Turbulent High-z Primordial Galaxies?

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Isobe, Yuki Ouchi, Masami Nakajima, Kimihiko Ozaki, Shinobu Bouché, Nicolas F. Wise, John H. Xu, Yi Emsellem, Eric Kusakabe, Haruka Hattori, Takashi Nagao, Tohru Chiaki, Gen Fukushima, Hajime Harikane, Yuichi Hayashi, Kohei Hirai, Yutaka Kim, Ji Hoon Maseda, Michael V. Nagamine, Kentaro Shibuya, Takatoshi Sugahara, Yuma Yajima, Hidenobu Aoyama, Shohei Fujimoto, Seiji Fukushima, Keita Hatano, Shun Inoue, Akio K. Ishigaki, Tsuyoshi Kawasaki, Masahiro Kojima, Takashi Komiyama, Yutaka Koyama, Shuhei Koyama, Yusei Lee, Chien-Hsiu Matsumoto, Akinori Mawatari, Ken Moriya, Takashi J. Motohara, Kentaro Murai, Kai Nishigaki, Moka Onodera, Masato Ono, Yoshiaki Rauch, Michael Saito, Tomoki Sasaki, Rin Suzuki, Akihiro Takeuchi, Tsutomu T. Umeda, Hiroya Umemura, Masayuki Watanabe, Kuria Yabe, Kiyoto Zhang, Yechi Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Department of Physics Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8583 Japan Univ Lyon Univ Lyon1 ENS de Lyon CNRS Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574 Saint-Genis-LavalF-69230 France Center for Relativistic Astrophysics School of Physics Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan European Southern Observatory Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2 Garching85748 Germany Observatoire de Genéve Université de Genéve 51 Ch. des Maillettes Versoix1290 Switzerland 650 North A'ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States Research Center for Space and Cosmic Evolution Ehime University Bunkyo-cho 2-5 Ehime Matsuyama790-8577 Japan Center for Computational Sciences University of Tsukuba Ten-nodai 1-1-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8577 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London Gower Street LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom National Institute of Technology Ichinoseki College Hagisho Ichinoseki021-8511 Japan Astronomical Institute Tohoku University 6-3 Aoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Miyagi Sendai980-8578 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Notre Dame 225 Nieuwland Science Hall Notre DameIN46556 United States Astronomy Program Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of SNU Astronomy Research Center Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Astronomy University of Wisconsin-Madison 475 N. Charter Street MadisonWI53706 United States Theoretical Astrophysics Department of Earth & Space S

We present kinematics of 6 local extremely metal-poor galaxies (EMPGs) with low metallicities (0.016 − 0.098 Z☉) and low stellar masses (104.7 − 107.6M☉). Taking deep medium-high resolution (R ∼ 7500) integral-field spectra with 8.2-m Subaru, we resolve the small inner velocity gradients and dispersions of the EMPGs with Hα emission. Carefully masking out sub-structures originated by inflow and/or outflow, we fit 3-dimensional disk models to the observed Hα flux, velocity, and velocity-dispersion maps. All the EMPGs show rotational velocities (vrot) of 5-23 km s−1 smaller than the velocity dispersions (σ0) of 17-31 km s−1, indicating dispersion-dominated (vrot/σ0 = 0.29−0.80 gas 0.9 − 1.0. Comparing our results with other Hα kinematics studies, we find that vrot/σ0 decreases and fgas increases with decreasing metallicity, decreasing stellar mass, and increasing specific star-formation rate. We also find that simulated high-z (z ∼ 7) forming galaxies have gas fractions and dynamics similar to the observed EMPGs. Our EMPG observations and the simulations suggest that primordial galaxies are gas-rich dispersion-dominated systems, which would be identified by the forthcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations at z ∼ 7. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Galaxies

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