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arXiv 2022年

作者： Albantakis, Larissa Barbosa, Leonardo Findlay, Graham Grasso, Matteo Haun, Andrew M. Marshall, William Mayner, William G.P. Zaeemzadeh, Alireza Boly, Melanie Juel, Bjørn E. Sasai, Shuntaro Fujii, Keiko David, Isaac Hendren, Jeremiah Lang, Jonathan P. Tononi, Giulio Department of Psychiatry University of Wisconsin MadisonWI53719 United States Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC Virginia Tech RoanokeVA24016 United States Neuroscience Training Program University of Wisconsin MadisonWI53705 United States Department of Mathematics and Statistics Brock University St. CatharinesONL2S 3A1 Canada Department of Neurology University of Wisconsin MadisonWI53719 United States Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo0372 Norway Araya Inc. Tokyo107-0052 Japan Graduate School Language & Literature Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Munich80799 Germany

This paper presents Integrated Information Theory (IIT) 4.0. IIT aims to account for the properties of experience in physical (operational) terms. It identifies the essential properties of experience (axioms), infers the necessary and sufficient properties that its substrate must satisfy (postulates), and expresses them in mathematical terms. In principle, the postulates can be applied to any system of units in a state to determine whether it is conscious, to what degree, and in what way. IIT offers a parsimonious explanation of empirical evidence, makes testable predictions, and permits inferences and extrapolations. IIT 4.0 incorporates several developments of the past ten years, including a more accurate translation of axioms into postulates and mathematical expressions, the introduction of a unique measure of intrinsic information that is consistent with the postulates, and an explicit assessment of causal relations. By fully unfolding a system’s irreducible cause–effect power, the distinctions and relations specified by a substrate can account for the quality of experience. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Information theory

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Instance-based vision transformer for subtyping of papillary renal cell carcinoma in histopathological image

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Gao, Zeyu Hong, Bangyang Zhang, Xianli Li, Yang Jia, Chang Wu, Jialun Wang, Chunbao Meng, Deyu Li, Chen School of Computer Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi710049 China National Engineering Lab for Big Data Analytics Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi710049 China Department of Pathology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710061 China School of Mathematics and Statistics Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi710049 China

Histological subtype of papillary (p) renal cell carcinoma (RCC), type 1 vs. type 2, is an essential prognostic factor. The two subtypes of pRCC have a similar pattern, i.e., the papillary architecture, yet some subtle differences, including cellular and cell-layer level patterns. However, the cellular and cell-layer level patterns almost cannot be captured by existing CNN-based models in large-size histopathological images, which brings obstacles to directly applying these models to such a fine-grained classification task. This paper proposes a novel instance-based Vision Transformer (i-ViT) to learn robust representations of histopathological images for the pRCC subtyping task by extracting finer features from instance patches (by cropping around segmented nuclei and assigning predicted grades). The proposed i-ViT takes top-K instances as input and aggregates them for capturing both the cellular and cell-layer level patterns by a position-embedding layer, a gradeembedding layer, and a multi-head multi-layer self-attention module. To evaluate the performance of the proposed framework, experienced pathologists are invited to selected 1162 regions of interest from 171 whole slide images of type 1 and type 2 pRCC. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better performance than existing CNN-based models with a significant margin. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Formal languages

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Evaluation of river water quality by using hierarchical clustering analysis

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021年第1期896卷

作者： B Warsito S Sumiyati H Yasin H Faridah Department of Statistics Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Doctoral Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Assessment of water pollution is a critical study because it can affect humans directly. Likewise, river water is widely used for various daily needs. It is important to group rivers according to their classes so that further analysis and action can be carried out. This article discusses the clustering of rivers in several areas in the southeast part of Central Java Province consisting of 14 sampling stations based on several water quality parameters. The pollutant parameters include TSS, electrical conductivity, pH, BOD, COD, and DO. The method used is Hierarchical clustering in which the object grouping begins with grouping two objects with the closest distance being combined into one cluster, and then continues until one cluster is formed consisting of all objects. The results show that five clusters are the ideal choice. Except for electrical conductivity, the parameters observed are dominantly the difference between clusters. Through the formation of river clusters based on their water quality, the characteristics of each cluster and cluster members with high similarity can be identified.

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EXISTENCE AND CONTROLLABILITY FOR NONLINEAR FRACTIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS WITH DAMPING IN HILBERT SPACES

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2019年第1期39卷 229-242页

作者： Xiuwen LI Zhenhai LIU Jing LI Chris TISDELL School of Science Nanjing University of Sciences and Technology Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Complex System Optimization and Big Data Processing Yulin Normal University Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Mathematical Modelling and Analysis in Engineering Department of Mathematics and Statistics Changsha University of Science and Technology Faculty of Science The University of New South Wales UNSW

In this paper, we are concerned with the existence of mild solution and controllability for a class of nonlinear fractional control systems with damping in Hilbert *** first step is to give the representation of mild solution for this control system by utilizing the general method of Laplace transform and the theory of(α, γ)-regularized families of operators. Next, we study the solvability and controllability of nonlinear fractional control systems with damping under some suitable sufficient conditions. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the theory.

关键词： existence controllability fractional control systems damping regularized resolvent family

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Study of complexity factor and stability of dynamical systems in f(G) gravity

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The European Physical Journal C 2025年第5期85卷 595-595页

作者： M. Zeeshan Gul W. Ahmad M. M. M. Nasir Faisal Javed Orhan Donmez Bander Almutairi College of Transportation Tongji University 201804 Shanghai China Research Center of Astrophysics and Cosmology Khazar University 41 Mehseti Street AZ1096 Baku Azerbaijan Department of Mathematics and Statistics The University of Lahore 1-KM Defence Road 54000 Lahore Pakistan Hajvery University Gulberg 3 Lahore Pakistan Department of Physics Zhejiang Normal University 321004 Jinhua People’s Republic of China College of Engineering and Technology American University of the Middle East 54200 Egaila Kuwait Department of Mathematics College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 11451 Riyadh Saudi Arabia

In this paper, we evaluate the complexity of the non static cylindrical geometry with anisotropic matter configuration in the framework of modified Gauss–Bonnet theory. In this perspective, we calculate modified field equations, the C energy formula and the mass function that help to understand the astrophysical structures in this modified gravity. Furthermore, we use the Weyl tensor and obtain different structure scalars by orthogonally splitting the Riemann tensor. One of these scalars, YTF is referred to as the complexity factor. This parameter measures the system’s complexity due to non-uniform energy density and non-isotropic pressure. We select the identical complexity factor for the structure as used in the non-static scenario, while considering the analogous criterion for the most elementary pattern of development. This technique involves formulating structural scalars that illustrate the fundamental features of the system. A fluid distribution that satisfies the vanishing complexity requirement and evolves homologously is characterized as isotropic, geodesic, homogeneous, and shear-free. In the dissipative scenario, the fluid remains geodesic while exhibiting shear, resulting in an extensive array of solutions.

关键词： Geometry

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Sparse grid discontinuous Galerkin methods for the Vlasov-Maxwell system

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Journal of Computational Physics: X 2019年 3卷

作者： Tao, Zhanjing Guo, Wei Cheng, Yingda Department of Mathematics Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States Department of Mathematics and Statistics Texas Tech University LubbockTX70409 United States Department of Mathematics Department of Computational Mathematics Science and Engineering Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States

In this paper, we develop sparse grid discontinuous Galerkin (DG) schemes for the Vlasov-Maxwell (VM) equations. The VM system is a fundamental kinetic model in plasma physics, and its numerical computations are quite demanding, due to its intrinsic high-dimensionality and the need to retain many properties of the physical solutions. To break the curse of dimensionality, we consider the sparse grid DG methods that were recently developed in [20,21] for transport equations. Such methods are based on multiwavelets on tensorized nested grids and can significantly reduce the numbers of degrees of freedom. We formulate two versions of the schemes: sparse grid DG and adaptive sparse grid DG methods for the VM system. Their key properties and implementation details are discussed. Accuracy and robustness are demonstrated by numerical tests, with emphasis on comparison of the performance of the two methods, as well as with their full grid counterparts. © 2019 The Author(s)

关键词： Degrees of freedom (mechanics)

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Early warning system for drivers’ phone usage with deep learning network

Research Square

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Research Square 2021年

作者： Hou, Jixu Xie, Xiaofeng Cai, Qian Deng, Zhengjie Yang, Houqun Huang, Hongnian Wang, Xun Feng, Lei Wang, Yizhen Coll. of Physics & Electr. Eng. Hainan Normal University Haikou China Coll. of Mech. & Electr. Eng. Hainan University Haikou China Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of New Mexico AlbuquerqueNM United States Hainan Blue Dot Computer Network Engineering Co. Ltd Haikou China

Dangerous driving, e.g., using mobile phone while driving, can result in serious traffic problem and threaten to safety. To efficiently alleviate such problem, in this paper, we design an intelligent monitoring system to detect the dangerous behavior while driving. The monitoring system is combined by a designed target detection algorithm, camera, terminal server and voice reminder. An efficiently deep learning model, namely Mobilenet combined with single shot multi-box detector (Mobilenet-SSD), was applied to identify the behavior of driver. To evaluate the performance of proposed system, a dangerous driving dataset,consisting of 6796 images, was constructed. The experimental results show that the proposed system can achieve the accuracy of 99% in 100 testing images, and could be used for real-time monitoring of the driver’s status. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Computer vision

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A Fast Approach for the Log-Cumulants Method Applied to Intensity Sar Image Processing

A Fast Approach for the Log-Cumulants Method Applied to Inte...

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2020 IEEE Latin American GRSS and ISPRS Remote Sensing Conference, LAGIRS 2020

作者： Rodrigues, F.A.A. Nobre, J.S. Vigaelis, R. Liesenberg, V. Marques, R.C.P. Medeiros, F.N.S. Federal University of Cariri Juazeiro do Norte Brazil Federal University of Ceara Department of Statistics and Applied Mathematics Fortaleza Brazil Federal University of Ceara Sobral Brazil Santa Catarina State University Santa Catarina Brazil Federal Institute of Education Science and Tecnology of Ceara Fortaleza Brazil DETI-Centro de Tecnologia Cx. Postal Teleinformatics Engineering Department Campus do Pici s/n Fortaleza CE6007 Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781728143507

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image processing and analysis rely on statistical modeling and parameter estimation of the probability density functions that characterize data. The method of log-cumulants (MoLC) is a reliable alternative for parameter estimation of SAR data models and image processing. However, numerical methods are usually applied to estimate parameters using MoLC, and it may lead to a high computational cost. Thus, MoLC may be unsuitable for real-time SAR imagery applications such as change detection and marine search and rescue, for example. Our paper introduces a fast approach to overcome this limitation of MoLC, focusing on parameter estimation of single-channel SAR data modeled by the GI0 distribution. Experiments with simulated and real SAR data demonstrate that our approach performs faster than MoLC, while the precision of the estimation is comparable with that of the original MoLC. We tested the fast approach with multitemporal data and applied the arithmetic-geometric distance to real SAR images for change detection on the ocean. The experiments showed that the fast MoLC outperformed the original estimation method with regard to the computational time. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Parameter estimation

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Comparison of Various Kinds of Vegetative Indices for Chlorophyll Contents Using Low-Resolution Camera

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Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology 2020年第1期23卷 73-79页

作者： Kim, Dong-Wook Silva, Renato Rodrigues Kim, Ju-Sung Kim, Yoonha Kim, Hak-Jin Chung, Yong Suk Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Seoul National University Seoul 08826 South Korea Institute of Mathematics and Statistics Federal University of Goias Goiania Brazil Department of Plant Resources and Environment Jeju National University Jeju 63243 South Korea Faculty of Bioscience and Industry College of Applied Life Science SARI Jeju National University Jeju 63243 South Korea Plant Bioscience School of Applied Biosciences Kyungpook National University Daegu 41566 South Korea

Nitrogen management is crucial for high yield potential of crops as well as reducing environmental pollution. However, the heterogeneity of nitrogen condition. Thus, there have been attempts to estimate nitrogen contents via chlorophyll contents in leaves. Among them, vegetative indices have been proved to be useful. However, there are many kinds of them and each of them reflects different properties. Here, we compared with various indices using one data set to show they are different each other so that researchers who want to use vegetative indices can be aware of this. By doing so, they can develop their own models with the proper indices. © 2020, Korean Society of Crop Science and Springer.

关键词： multi-spectral camera nitrogen content remote sensing sustainable agriculture unmanned aerial vehicle

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Emergent Dimer-Model Topological Order and Quasiparticle Excitations in Liquid Crystals: Combinatorial Vortex Lattices

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Physical Review X 2025年第2期15卷 021084-021084页

作者： Cuiling Meng Jin-Sheng Wu Žiga Kos Jörn Dunkel Cristiano Nisoli Ivan I. Smalyukh Department of Physics and Chemical Physics Program University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM) Hiroshima University Higashihiroshima Hiroshima Japan Department of Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Faculty of Mathematics and Physics University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia Department of Condensed Matter Physics Jožef Stefan Institute Ljubljana Slovenia Theoretical Division Physics of Condensed Matter and Complex Systems and Center For Nonlinear Studies Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA

Liquid crystals have proven to provide a versatile experimental and theoretical platform for studying topological objects such as vortices, skyrmions, and hopfions. In parallel, in hard condensed matter physics, the concept of topological phases and topological order has been introduced in the context of spin liquids to investigate emergent phenomena like quantum Hall effects and high-temperature superconductivity. Here, we bridge these two seemingly disparate perspectives on topology in physics. Combining experiments and simulations, we show how topological defects in liquid crystals can be used as versatile building blocks to create complex, highly degenerate topological phases, which we refer to as “combinatorial vortex lattices” (CVLs). CVLs exhibit extensive residual entropy and support locally stable quasiparticle excitations in the form of charge-conserving topological monopoles, which can act as mobile information carriers and be linked via Dirac strings. CVLs can be rewritten and reconfigured on demand, endowed with various symmetries, and modified through laser-induced topological surgery—an essential capability for information storage and retrieval. We demonstrate experimentally the realization, stability, and precise optical manipulation of CVLs, thus opening new avenues for understanding and technologically exploiting higher-hierarchy topology in liquid crystals and other ordered media.

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