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arXiv 2021年

作者： Dodig-Crnknovic, Gordana Holstein, Tobias Pelliccione, Patrizio Interaction Design Unit Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers | University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden Division of Computer Science and Software Engineering School of Innovation Design and Engineering Mälardalen University Västerås Sweden Software Engineering Division Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers | University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden Department of Information Engineering Computer Science and Mathematics University of L'Aquila L'Aquila Italy

Development of the intelligent autonomous robot technology presupposes its anticipated beneficial effect on the individuals and societies. In the case of such disruptive emergent technology, not only questions of how to build, but also why to build and with what consequences are important. Thus, questions of values, good and bad, right and wrong, must be addressed in the context of the development, implementation, testing, use and disposal of technology. The field of ethics of intelligent autonomous robotic cars is a good example of research with actionable practical value, where a variety of stakeholders, including the legal system and other societal and governmental actors, as well as companies and businesses, collaborate bringing about shared view of ethics and societal aspects of technology. It could be used as a starting platform for the approaches to intelligent autonomous robot development considering human-machine interfaces in different phases of the life cycle of technology. Drawing from our work on ethics of autonomous intelligent robocars, and the existing literature on ethics of robotics, our contribution consists of a set of values and ethical principles with identified challenges and proposed approaches for meeting them. This may help stakeholders in the field of intelligent autonomous robotics to connect ethical principles with their applications. Our recommendations of ethical requirements for autonomous cars can be used for other types of intelligent autonomous robots, with the caveat for social robots that require more research regarding interactions with the users. We emphasize that existing ethical frameworks need to be applied in a context-sensitive way, by assessments in interdisciplinary, multi-competent teams through multi-criteria analysis. Furthermore, we argue for the need of a continuous development of ethical principles, guidelines, and regulations, informed by the progress of technologies and involving relevant stakeholders. Copyright

关键词： Intelligent robots

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A virtual reality methodology for cardiopulmonary resuscitation training with and without a physical mannequin

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Journal of Biomedical Informatics 2020年 111卷 103590-103590页

作者： Buttussi, Fabio Chittaro, Luca Valent, Francesca Human-Computer Interaction Lab Department of Mathematics Computer Science and Physics University of Udine Udine Italy SOC Istituto di Igiene ed Epidemiologia Clinica Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale Udine Italy

Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure that can increase survival after a cardiac arrest. Performing CPR effectively requires both procedural knowledge and manual skills. Traditional CPR training methodology includes lessons led by instructors and supervised practice on mannequins, thus requiring considerable resources. Objective: This paper proposes a new methodology for low-cost CPR training based on virtual reality (VR) with and without the addition of a physical mannequin. Moreover, it describes an experimental evaluation of the methodology that assessed gain in manual skills during training, transfer of procedural knowledge and manual skills in a final assessment, and changes in self-efficacy with three measurements over time (pre-training, post-training, and post-assessment). Methods: We implemented a VR application that supports the proposed methodology, and can thus be used with or without a mannequin. The experimental evaluation involved 30 participants who tried CPR in VR twice, performing two repetitions of 30 chest compressions per trial. Half participants tried the VR application with the mannequin and half without it. Final assessment required all participants to perform CPR on the mannequin without the assistance of VR. To assess self-efficacy, participants filled in a questionnaire at the three times of measurement. Results: Mixed-design ANOVAs showed effects of repetition, effects of group, or interaction between the two variables on manual skills assessed during training. In the final assessment, participants in both groups correctly remembered most of the steps of the procedure. ANOVAs revealed differences between the two groups only in pressure-related skills (better with mannequin) and in the number of wrong steps added to the procedure (better without mannequin). Mixed-design ANOVA showed a self-efficacy increase in both groups after training, which was maintained after final assessment. Conclusions: The propo

关键词： Resuscitation

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Image-guided Breast Biopsy of MRI-visible Lesions with a Hand-mounted Motorised Needle Steering Tool

Image-guided Breast Biopsy of MRI-visible Lesions with a Han...

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International Symposium on Medical Robotics (ISMR)

作者： Marta Lagomarsino Vincent Groenhuis Maura Casadio Marcel K. Welleweerd Françoise J. Siepel Stefano Stramigioli Robotics and Mechatronics (RAM) Laboratory Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science University of Twente Enschede The Netherlands University of Genoa Genoa Italy Human-Robot Interfaces and Physical Interaction (HRII) Laboratory Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genoa Italy Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781665406239

A biopsy is the only diagnostic procedure for accurate histological confirmation of breast cancer. When sonographic placement is not feasible, a Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)-guided biopsy is often preferred. The lack of real-time imaging information and the deformations of the breast make it challenging to bring the needle precisely towards the tumour detected in pre-interventional Magnetic Resonance (MR) images. The current manual MRI-guided biopsy workflow is inaccurate and would benefit from a technique that allows real-time tracking and localisation of the tumour lesion during needle insertion. This paper proposes a robotic setup and software architecture to assist the radiologist in targeting MR-detected suspicious tumours. The approach benefits from image fusion of preoperative images with intraoperative optical tracking of markers attached to the patient’s skin. A hand-mounted biopsy device has been constructed with an actuated needle base to drive the tip toward the desired direction. The steering commands may be provided both by user input and by computer guidance. The workflow is validated through phantom experiments. On average, the suspicious breast lesion is targeted with a radius down to 2.3 mm. The results suggest that robotic systems taking into account breast deformations have the potentials to tackle this clinical challenge.

关键词： Target tracking Biopsy Phantoms Breast Needles Real-time systems Skin

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Clustering with dynamic bipartite graph learning

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Neurocomputing 2025年

作者： Yun Liang Wang Gao Qimin Liang Cankun Zhong Feiping Nie South China Agricultural University College of Mathematics and Informatics Guangzhou 510642 Guangdong China Northwestern Polytechnical University School of Artificial Intelligence Optics and Electronics (iOPEN) and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology) Xi’an 710072 Shaanxi China Northwestern Polytechnical University School of Computer Science Xi’an 710072 Shaanxi China

Anchor-based bipartite graph clustering algorithms greatly enhance data analysis by accelerating computations without sacrificing performance. However, these methods face two limitations: reliance on fixed bipartite graphs and lack of interaction between the bipartite graph and anchor labels, which reduces adaptability to dynamic data and clustering performance. To overcome these, a novel method, called Clustering with Dynamic Bipartite Graph Learning (DBGL) is proposed. The DBGL objective function is composed of two parts: construct the bipartite graph and learn the anchor labels. The bipartite graph and anchor labels are updated iteratively, resulting in a dynamic bipartite graph that evolves throughout the clustering process. Our dynamic technique is more flexible and performs better on large, complicated datasets than fixed bipartite graph methods. Additionally, we introduce label transmission into DBGL, enabling autonomous interaction between bipartite graph and anchor labels, which mutually guide each other toward optimal clustering results. We design an alternating optimization algorithm where the bipartite graph is updated using an Iteratively Re-Weighted (IRW) algorithm, while the anchor labels are optimized through an improved Coordinate Descent (CD) algorithm. Comprehensive experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate that DBGL outperforms leading methods in clustering accuracy, efficiency, and robustness, with theoretical analysis confirming its convergence and stability.

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Engaging with emotions - The role of emotion in HCI 20

Engaging with emotions - The role of emotion in HCI

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20th British computer Society Conference on Human-computer interaction: Engage, HCI 2006

作者： Peter, Christian Crane, Elizabeth Axelrod, Lesley Beale, Russell Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Joachim Jungius Str. 11 Rostock18059 Germany University of Michigan 401 Washtenaw Ave Ann ArborMI48108 United States School of Information Systems Computing and Mathematics Brunel University Uxbridge MiddlesexUB8 3PH United Kingdom Advanced Interaction Group School of Computer Science University of Birmingham BirminghamB15 2TT United Kingdom

Emotions are of increasing interest to the HCI community and there is an enthusiastic spirit of adventure amongst researchers exploring this area. Much technical research has been done focussing on development of various proof-of-possibility studies and prototypical emotion components, but work done to date has been fragmented and lacks coherence. The goal of this workshop is to share information among researchers and practitioners working in this field through organized discussion and thematic working groups. This workshop will continue bringing people together, forming a community, supporting networking and collaboration to advocate coordinated work in this fascinating field of research. © BCS HCI Group Conference: Engage, HCI *** right reserved.

关键词： Human computer interaction

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Do I enjoy my friends? Friendship and enjoyment during recess in autistic and non-autistic children

Research in Autism

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Research in Autism 2025年 124卷

作者： Jiayin Zhao Boya Li Yung-Ting Tsou Mitra Baratchi Els Blijd-Hoogewys Özgür Gülen Carolien Rieffe Unit of Developmental and Educational Psychology Institute of Psychology Leiden University Leiden the Netherlands Department of Computer Science Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science (LIACS) Leiden University Leiden the Netherlands Developmental Psychology Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences. University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands Psychiatrie Noord Groningen the Netherlands Department of Psychology Faculty of Economics Administrative and Social Sciences Bahçeşehir University İstanbul Turkey Department of Human Media Interaction Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science University of Twente Enschede the Netherlands Department of Psychology and Human Development Institute of Education University College London London UK

Friendships play a crucial role in children’s well-being and school experiences. This study aimed to gain a better understanding of how autistic and non-autistic children's friendships are related to their enjoyment of the school time spent with peers, i.e. at recess time (school break time). A multi-method approach, including self-reports, peer nominations, and objective measures based on sensor data was used. Forty-five autistic children and 45 non-autistic children from two special education schools participated, aged between 8 to 14 years. Outcomes showed that autistic and non-autistic children did not differ regarding the number of reciprocal and non-reciprocated friends. Yet, autistic children spent less time in contact with their reciprocal friends during recess at the schoolyard compared to their non-autistic peers. Also, while non-autistic pupils spent more time with reciprocal friends than with non-reciprocated ones, this difference was not found among autistic pupils. Notably, spending more time with non-reciprocated friends during recess was related to lower levels of enjoyment in both autistic and non-autistic children. Our findings suggest that autistic children may approach friendships with different priorities. Furthermore, this study underscores the need to consider broader factors beyond reciprocity when assessing children’s social experience at school.

关键词： Peer contact Social Functioning School environment RFID data Schoolyard

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Global guidance network for breast lesion segmentation in ultrasound images

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Xue, Cheng Zhu, Lei Fu, Huazhu Hu, Xiaowei Li, Xiaomeng Zhang, Hai Heng, Pheng-Ann Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of Cambridge Inception Institute of Artificial Intelligence Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Shenzhen People's Hospital Second Clinical College of Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality and Human Interaction Technology Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China

Automatic breast lesion segmentation in ultrasound helps to diagnose breast cancer, which is one of the dreadful diseases that affect women globally. Segmenting breast regions accurately from ultrasound image is a challenging task due to the inherent speckle artifacts, blurry breast lesion boundaries, and inhomogeneous intensity distributions inside the breast lesion regions. Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated remarkable results in medical image segmentation tasks. However, the convolutional operations in a CNN often focus on local regions, which suffer from limited capabilities in capturing long-range dependencies of the input ultrasound image, resulting in degraded breast lesion segmentation accuracy. In this paper, we develop a deep convolutional neural network equipped with a global guidance block (GGB) and breast lesion boundary detection (BD) modules for boosting the breast ultrasound lesion segmentation. The GGB utilizes the multi-layer integrated feature map as a guidance information to learn the long-range non-local dependencies from both spatial and channel domains. The BD modules learn additional breast lesion boundary map to enhance the boundary quality of a segmentation result refinement. Experimental results on a public dataset and a collected dataset show that our network outperforms other medical image segmentation methods and the recent semantic segmentation methods on breast ultrasound lesion segmentation. Moreover, we also show the application of our network on the ultrasound prostate segmentation, in which our method better identifies prostate regions than state-of-the-art networks. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Testing the usability and accessibility of smart TV applications using an automated model-based approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Bures, Miroslav Macik, Miroslav Ahmed, Bestoun S. Rechtberger, Vaclav Slavik, Pavel Department of Computer Science Faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University Karlovo nam. 13 Prague Czech Republic Department of Computer Graphics and Interaction FEE Czech Technical University in Prague Karlovo nam. 13 Prague Czech Republic Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Karlstad University Sweden Department of Computer Science Czech Technical University Karlovo nam. 13 Prague Czech Republic

As the popularity of Smart Televisions (TVs) and interactive Smart TV applications (apps) has recently grown, the usability of these apps has become an important quality characteristic. Previous studies examined Smart TV apps from a usability perspective. However, these methods are mainly manual, and the potential of automated model-based testing methods for usability testing purposes has not yet been fully explored. In this paper, we propose an approach to test the usability of Smart TV apps based on the automated generation of a Smart TV user interaction model from an existing app by a specialized automated crawler. By means of this model, defined user tasks in the Smart TV app can be evaluated automatically in terms of their feasibility and estimated user effort, which reflects the usability of the analyzed app. This analysis can be applied in the context of regular users and users with various specific needs. The findings from this model-based automated analysis approach can be used to optimize the user interface of a Smart TV app to increase its usability, accessibility, and quality. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Model checking

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Application of FPGA to Real‐Time Machine Learning 1st ed. 2018

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丛书名： Springer Theses

2018年

作者： Piotr Antonik

ISBN: (数字)9783319910536

ISBN: (纸本)9783319910529

This book lies at the interface of machine learning a subfield of computer science that develops algorithms for challenging tasks such as shape or image recognition, where traditional algorithms fail and photonics the physical science of light, which underlies many of the optical communications technologies used in our information society. It provides a thorough introduction to reservoir computing and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Recently, photonic implementations of reservoir computing (a machine learning algorithm based on artificial neural networks) have made a breakthrough in optical computing possible. In this book, the author pushes the performance of these systems significantly beyond what was achieved before. By interfacing a photonic reservoir computer with a high-speed electronic device (an FPGA), the author successfully interacts with the reservoir computer in real time, allowing him to considerably expand its capabilities and range of possible applications. Furthermore, the author draws on his expertise in machine learning and FPGA programming to make progress on a very different problem, namely the real-time image analysis of optical coherence tomography for atherosclerotic arteries.

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A grid cell inspired model of cortical column function 10th

A grid cell inspired model of cortical column function

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10th International Joint Conference on Computational Intelligence, IJCCI 2018

作者： Kerdels, Jochen Peters, Gabriele FernUniversitt in Hagen University of Hagen Human-Computer Interaction Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Universitätsstrasse 1 HagenD-58097 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9789897583278

The cortex of mammals has a distinct, low-level structure consisting of six horizontal layers that are vertically connected by local groups of about 80 to 100 neurons forming so-called minicolumns. A well-known and widely discussed hypothesis suggests that this regular structure may indicate that there could be a common computational principle that governs the diverse functions performed by the cortex. However, no generally accepted theory regarding such a common principle has been presented so far. In this position paper we provide a novel perspective on a possible function of cortical columns. Based on our previous efforts to model the behaviour of entorhinal grid cells we argue that a single cortical column can function as an independent, autoassociative memory cell (AMC) that utilizes a sparse distributed encoding. We demonstrate the basic operation of this AMC by a first set of preliminary simulation results. Copyright © 2018 by SCITEPRESS – science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mammals

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