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Challenges in coverage of future hepatitis C vaccines: Review and potential solutions

Vaccine 2025年 59卷 127256-127256页

作者： Gandhi, Keshav Vijay, Yash Page, Kimberly Dahari, Harel Gutfraind, Alexander Department of Mathematics Statistics Computer Science University of Illinois at Chicago 851 S. Morgan St. Chicago 60607 IL United States The Program for Experimental & Theoretical Modeling Division of Hepatology Department of Medicine Stritch School of Medicine Loyola University Chicago 2160 S. First Ave. Maywood 60153 IL United States Department of Internal Medicine The University of New Mexico School of Medicine University of New Mexico MSC10 5550 Albuquerque 87131 NM United States Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health University of Illinois at Chicago 1603 W. Taylor St. Chicago 60612 IL United States

Background: Motivated by the high mortality burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the unprecedented rapid development of the COVID-19 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines, we note that a prompt HCV vaccine rollout may streamline the World Health Organization's goal to eliminate HCV before 2030. While progress in the development of HCV vaccine candidates has rapidly flourished, vaccine hesitancy and HCV incidence are both particularly prevalent in people who inject drugs (PWID). The aim of this paper is to document several potential challenges in HCV vaccine uptake and provide a set of preliminary recommendations for public and community health professionals to improve acceptance. Methods: We conducted a forward-looking integrative narrative review and identified relevant articles from PubMed. We survey literature discussing barriers to vaccine acceptance in past rollouts (e.g., COVID-19, hepatitis B) and barriers to HCV management, particularly in PWID. Results: Six key challenges were identified: (1) structural and social barriers affecting PWID, (2) vaccine safety, efficacy, and relevance concerns, (3) multiple-dose attrition and vaccine fatigue, (4) media presentation and misinformation, (5) awareness and attitude towards infection, and (6) information framing and primary care linkage. Four possible recommendations were also identified: (1) vaccine promotion in targeted educational and outreach campaigns, (2) community-level support programs integrated with vaccine rollout, (3) rollout of a pan-genotypic, multivalent, or combination vaccine, and (4) cost-benefit analysis supporting the vaccine. Conclusion: This forward-looking paper offers several recommendations to address potential gaps in HCV vaccination—from linkage with syringe exchange programs to economic analysis of vaccination program costs. © 2024

关键词： Hepatitis C People who inject drugs Vaccination Vaccination campaign Vaccine hesitancy

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Advising big data transfer over dedicated connections based on profiling optimization

Advising big data transfer over dedicated connections based ...

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作者： Yun, Daqing Wu, Chase Q. Rao, Nageswara S. V. Kettimuthu, Rajkumar Computer and Information Sciences Program Harrisburg University HarrisburgPA17101 United States Department of Computer Science New Jersey Institute of Technology NewarkNJ07102 United States Computer Science and Mathematics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Data Science and Learning Division Argonne National Laboratory ArgonneIL60439 United States

Big data transfer in next-generation scientific applications is now commonly carried out over dedicated channels in high-performance networks (HPNs), where transport protocols play a critical role in maximizing application-level throughput. Optimizing the performance of these protocols is challenging: i) transport protocols perform differently in various network environments, and the protocol choice is not straightforward;ii) even for a given protocol in a given environment, different parameter settings of the protocol may lead to significantly different performance and oftentimes the default setting does not yield the best performance. However, it is prohibitively time-consuming to conduct exhaustive transport profiling due to the large parameter space. In this paper, we propose a PRofiling Optimization Based DAta Transfer Advisor (ProbData) to help end users determine the most effective transport method with the most appropriate parameter settings to achieve satisfactory performance for big data transfer over dedicated connections in HPNs. ProbData employs a fast profiling scheme based on the Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation algorithm, namely, FastProf, to accelerate the exploration of the optimal operational zones of various transport methods to improve profiling efficiency. We first present a theoretical background of the optimized profiling approach in ProbData and then detail its design and implementation. The advising procedure and performance benefits of FastProf and ProbData are illustrated and evaluated by both extensive emulations based on real-life performance measurements and experiments over various physical connections in existing production HPNs. © 1993-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Data transfer

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TAROGE-M: Antarctic High-Mountain Radio Antenna Array for Detecting Ultra-High Energy ANITA Anomalous Events 38

TAROGE-M: Antarctic High-Mountain Radio Antenna Array for De...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Wang, Shih-Hao Chen, Pisin Chen, Yaocheng Chen, Ying-Chih Choi, Taejin Ham, Young-Bae Hsu, Shih-Ying Huang, Jian-Jung Huang, MingHuey A. Jee, Geonhwa Jung, Jongil Kim, Jieun Kuo, Chung-Yun Kwon, Hyuck-Jin Lee, Changsup Leung, Chung-Hei Liu, Tsung-Che Nam, Jiwoo Shiao, Yu-Shao J. Shin, Bok-Kyun Su, Shih-Chieh Wang, Min-Zu Wang, Shih-Hao Wang, Yu-Hsin Anker, Astrid Barwick, Steven W. Besson, Dave Z. Bouma, Sjoerd Cataldo, Maddalena Gaswint, Geoffrey Glaser, Christian Hallmann, Steffen Hanson, Jordan C. Henrichs, Jakob Kleinfelder, Stuart A. Lahmann, Robert Meyers, Zachary S. Nelles, Anna Novikov, Alexander Paul, Manuel P. Pyras, Lilly Persichilli, Christopher Plaisier, Ilse Rice-Smith, Ryan Seikh, Mohammad F. H. Tatar, Joulien Welling, Christoph Zhao, Leshan Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Division of Atmospheric Sciences Korea Polar Research Institute Incheon Korea Republic of Department of Polar Science Korea University of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea Republic of Department of Energy Engineering National United University Miaoli Taiwan Department of Astronomy Space Science and Geology Chungnam National University Daejeon34134 Korea Republic of Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Delaware NewarkDE19716 United States Department of Electrophysics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300 Taiwan Department of applied physics National Pingtung university Pingtung900 Taiwan Chung Cheng Institute of Technology National Defense University Taoyuan335 Taiwan Undergraduate Degree Program of Systems Engineering and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300 Taiwan National Nano Device Laboratories Hsinchu300 Taiwan Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan44919 Korea Republic of Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica Astronomy-Mathematics Building No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd. Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Kansas LawrenceKS66045 United States DESY Zeuthen15738 Germany ECAP Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen91058 Germany Uppsala University Department of Physics and Astronomy UppsalaSE-752 37 Sweden Whittier College Department of Physics WhittierCA90602 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Resea

TAROGE-M is a radio antenna array atop ∼ 2.7 km-high Mt. Melbourne in Antarctica for detecting ultra-high energy (UHE, E > 1017 eV) air showers in near-horizontal directions. Besides the detection of cosmic rays and Earth-skimming tau neutrinos, its primary goal is to reproduce the discovery and verify the origin of so-called ANITA anomalous events, having feature of upward-going UHE air showers but cannot be explained by tau neutrinos. The detection concept takes advantages of a high altitude for a broad view toward the horizon;strong and near-vertical geomagnetic field for enhancing the radio signal;and quiet radio environment in Antarctica. Its relatively simple design and high duty cycle make it easily to be extended and thus to achieve an exposure competitive with ANITA experiments within a few years. The first TAROGE-M station operating at 180-450 MHz frequencies deployed in 2020 detected seven UHE cosmic ray events within 25.3-day livetime. The events have a mean energy of ∼ 1 EeV and an estimated flux consistent with other experiments, and validate the station as an UHE particle detector. In 2022-2023 season, the system was upgraded for a robust long-term operation, with a more detailed calibration with a drone-borne pulser. We also discuss the planned upgrade, including the implementation of interferometric trigger, which is expected to increase the cosmic ray and tau neutrino acceptances by a factor of 10 at 0.1 EeV, corresponding to a lower energy threshold by a factor of 3. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmic rays

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THE SPECTRAL UNDERPINNING OF WORD2VEC

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Jaffe, Ariel Kluger, Yuval Lindenbaum, Ofir Patsenker, Jonathan Peterfreund, Erez Steinerberger, Stefan Program in Applied Mathematics Yale University New Haven United States Department of Pathology Yale School of Medicine New Haven United States School of Computer Science and Engineering Hebrew University Jerusalem Israel Department of Mathematics Yale University New Haven United States

Word2vec due to Mikolov et al. (2013) is a word embedding method that is widely used in natural language processing. Despite its great success and frequent use, theoretical justification is still lacking. The main contribution of our paper is to propose a rigorous analysis of the highly nonlinear functional of word2vec. Our results suggest that word2vec may be primarily driven by an underlying spectral method. This insight may open the door to obtaining provable guarantees for word2vec. We support these findings by numerical simulations. One fascinating open question is whether the nonlinear properties of word2vec that are not captured by the spectral method are beneficial and, if so, by what mechanism. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Spectroscopy

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Worldsheet computation of heavy-light correlators

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Bufalini, Davide Iguri, Sergio Kovensky, Nicolas Turton, David Mathematical Sciences and STAG Research Centre University of Southampton SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom CONICET Universidad de Buenos Aires C. C. 67 Suc. 28 Buenos Aires1428 Argentina Mathematics with Computer Science Program Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Guangdong Shantou515063 China Institut de Physique Théorique Université Paris Saclay CEA CNRS Orme des Merisiers Gif-sur-YvetteCEDEX 91191 France

We compute a large collection of string worldsheet correlators describing light probes interacting with heavy black hole microstates. The heavy states consist of NS5 branes carrying momentum and/or fundamental string charge. In the fivebrane decoupling limit, worldsheet string theory on a family of such backgrounds is given by exactly solvable null-gauged WZW models. We construct physical vertex operators in these cosets, including all massless fluctuations. We first compute a large class of novel heavy-light-light-heavy correlators in the AdS3 limit, where the light operators include those dual to chiral primaries of the holographically dual CFT. We compare a subset of these correlators to the holographic CFT at the symmetric product orbifold point, and find precise agreement in all cases, including for light operators in twisted sectors of the orbifold CFT. The agreement is highly non-trivial, and includes amplitudes that describe the analogue of Hawking radiation for these microstates. We further derive a formula for worldsheet correlators consisting of n light insertions on these backgrounds, and discuss which subset of these correlators are likely to be protected. As a test, we compute a heavy-light five-point function, obtaining precisely the same result both from the worldsheet and the symmetric orbifold CFT. This paper is a companion to and extension of [1]. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Correlators

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A proof for string three-point functions in AdS3

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Bufalini, Davide Iguri, Sergio Kovensky, Nicolas Mathematical Sciences and STAG Research Centre University of Southampton SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires Ciudad Universitaria Buenos Aires1428 Argentina Mathematics with Computer Science Program Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Guangdong Shantou515063 China Institut de Physique Théorique Université Paris Saclay CEA CNRS Orme des Merisiers Gif-sur-Yvette91191 Cedex France

Correlation functions of the SL(2,R)-WZW model involving spectrally flowed vertex operators are notoriously difficult to compute. An explicit integral expression for the corresponding three-point functions was recently conjectured in [1]. In this paper, we provide a proof for this conjecture. For this, we extend the methods of [2] based on the so-called SL(2,R) series identifications, which relate vertex operators belonging to different spectral flow sectors. We also highlight the role of holomorphic covering maps in this context. Our results constitute an important milestone for proving this instance of the AdS3/CFT2 holographic duality at finite't Hooft coupling. © 2022, CC BY.

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Biodiversity of fish resources in Sungsang Estuaries of South Sumatra 3

Biodiversity of fish resources in Sungsang Estuaries of Sout...

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3rd EMBRIO International Workshop on Marine Biodiversity: Understanding, Utilization, Conservation, EIW 2018

作者： Fauziyah Nurhayati Bernas, S.M. Putera, A. Suteja, Y. Agustiani, F. Marine Science Study Program Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Sriwijaya University Indonesia Environmental Management Study Program Faculty of Agriculture Sriwijaya University Indonesia Faculty of Agriculture Sriwijaya University Indonesia Information System Department Faculty of Computer Science Sriwijaya University Indonesia Marine Science Department Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries Udayana University Indonesia

The purpose of this study was to assess the fish biodiversity of Sungsang estuaries in South Sumatra. The species diversity, evenness, dominance, degree of similarity, and composition of fish communities as well as some physicochemical conditions were analyzed in order to establish the baseline data inventory of Sungsang estuaries. The results show that all of the physico-chemical parameters were in good condition for fish sustainability. Forty-eight (48) species of fish belonging to 29 families of freshwater, brackish water and marine sources were encountered in the water bodies. Johnius belangerii, Johnius amblycephalus and Setipinna taty were species with a relatively high abundance, but the appearance frequency of these species was high, medium and low, respectively. The value of the Shannon's diversity index for fish resources was classified as moderate (H'=1.477-2.708). The index value of evenness was classified as high (J'= 0.616 - 0.876), while the index value of dominance was classified as low (D = 0.097 - 0.382). This result indicate that the species diversity was good enough, the species spread was evenly distributed, that there was a stable community structure and no domination. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Estuaries

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TEAM: TRIANGULAR-MESH ADAPTIVE AND MULTISCALE PROTON SPOT GENERATION METHOD

International Journal of Particle Therapy

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International Journal of Particle Therapy 2024年 12卷

作者： Chao Wang Bowen Lin Yuting Lin Suzanne M. Shontz Weizhang Huang Ronald Chen Hao Gao Department Of Radiation Oncology University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City United States of America Department Of Intervention Medicine The Second Hospital of Shandong University Jinan China Department Of Electrical Engineering And Computer Science Institute For Information Sciences Bioengineering Program University of Kansas Lawrence United States of America Department Of Mathematics University of Kansas Lawrence United States of America

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Application of XGBoost algorithm in classification of 28 types of cancer based on ctDNA mutations

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期2970卷

作者： Favorisen R. Lumbanraja Rachelia Dita Anggraini Yohana Tri Utami Rosma Hasibuan Computer Science Study Program Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Lampung Jl. Prof. Dr. Sumantri Brojonegoro No. 1 Bandar Lampung 35145 Indonesia Department of Agrotechnology Faculty of Agriculture University of Lampung Jl. Prof. Dr. Sumantri Brojonegoro No. 1 Bandar Lampung 35145 Indonesia

Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) in blood samples of cancer patients contains components for the diagnosis of cancer. These components when combined with bioinformatics using machine learning algorithms can facilitate the classification of cancer. Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) is an ensemble learning method that works by combining basic models to produce an optimal predictive model. This study aims to determine the results of the XGBoost algorithm classification using somatic mutations and copy number changes that occur in ctDNA. This study performs a classification using XGBoost with two types of cross-validation, 10-fold and holdout cross-validation, using data from Soh et al., 2017 [1]. For holdout cross-validation, training and testing data will be divided into 60:40, 70:30, 75:25, 80:20, and 90:10. Each classification experiment conducted in this study was tested using two types of data, namely data with overall features and data with the top 900 features as a result of feature selection. The highest accuracy result was obtained by XGBoost holdout cross-validation 90:10 using 900 features with an accuracy value of 89.91%, while the lowest accuracy value was obtained by XGBoost 10-fold cross-validation 900 features, which was 70.01%. The accuracy value tends to be higher in the 900-feature experiment compared to the overall feature. The holdout cross-validation experiment gets a better accuracy value than the 10-fold cross-validation experiment. For holdout cross-validation, the greater the percentage of training data, the higher the accuracy obtained.

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Experimental implementation of an efficient test of quantumness

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Lewis, Laura Zhu, Daiwei Gheorghiu, Alexandru Noel, Crystal Katz, Or Harraz, Bahaa Wang, Qingfeng Risinger, Andrew Feng, Lei Biswas, Debopriyo Egan, Laird Vidick, Thomas Cetina, Marko Monroe, Christopher Institute for Quantum Information and Matter Department of Computing and Mathematical Sciences California Institute of Technology CA91125 United States Division of Physics Mathematics and Astronomy California Institute of Technology CA91125 United States Joint Quantum Institute Departments of Physics and Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science NIST University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States IonQ Inc. College ParkMD20740 United States Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Institute for Theoretical Studies ETH Zürich CH 8001 Switzerland Duke Quantum Center Department of Physics Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States Chemical Physics Program Institute for Physical Science and Technology University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States

A test of quantumness is a protocol where a classical user issues challenges to a quantum device to determine if it exhibits non-classical behavior, under certain cryptographic assumptions. Recent attempts to implement such tests on current quantum computers rely on either interactive challenges with efficient verification, or non-interactive challenges with inefficient (exponential time) verification. In this paper, we execute an efficient non-interactive test of quantumness on an ion-trap quantum computer. Our results significantly exceed the bound for a classical device’s success. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Qubits

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