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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Anton Buchberger Jozef Pulko Deborah Morecroft Omar Basso Jochen Kraft Alexander Bergmann ams AG Premstaetten Austria Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Graz Austria

measurements of the width-dependent propagation loss of 250 nm thick silicon nitride strip waveguides at 850 nm wavelength indicate good agreement with the theoretical model. The waveguides were fabricated by plasma-e... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781943580910

关键词： Strips Wavelength measurement Waveguide lasers Silicon nitride Waveguide theory Lasers and electrooptics Propagation losses

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Collinear Photothermal Gas Sensing with a Custom-Made Dichroic and Fiber-Coupled Fabry-Pérot Etalon

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IEEE sensors Journal 2025年

作者： Tanzer, Manuel Lang, Benjamin Bergmann, Alexander Graz University of Technology Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Inffeldgasse 33I Graz8010 Austria

Here, we present the implementation of a compact, collinear photothermal interferometry configuration for gas sensing based on a custom-made dichroic and fiber-coupled Fabry-Ṕerot etalon. By overcoming the design obstacles imposed by such a configuration, advantage of the strong signal enhancement due to the larger overlap of the pump and probe beam volumes was taken. A competitive NNEA of (Formula presented) and a limit of detection of 38.8 ppmv were achieved. Additionally, the more compact architecture of the sensing unit allows for further miniaturization of photothermal gas sensors. The proposed solution has been fabricated and tested, showing great promise for highly sensitive, selective and miniaturized gas sensors. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Fabry-Perot interferometers

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Mapping the optical dielectric response of isolated monolayer MoS2by push-broom microspectroscopy 2

Mapping the optical dielectric response of isolated monolaye...

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Unconventional Optical Imaging II 2020

作者： Dong, Xingchen Köhler, Michael H. Wang, Kun Jakobi, Martin Koch, Alexander W. Institute for Measurement Systems and Sensor Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technical University of Munich Arcisstraße 21 Munich80333 Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781510634756

ISBN: (纸本)9781510634749

Two-dimensional van der Waals materials are attractive for photonics and optoelectronics due to distinctive layerdependent optical properties. Optical properties based on light-matter interactions have been revealed by modern imaging and spectroscopy techniques. Hyperspectral imaging microscopy working in line-scan mode (push-broom microspectroscopy) can provide abundant spectral information covering a large area compared to conventional spectroscopy techniques, with a higher acquisition speed than point-scan techniques such as atomic force microscopy and Raman imaging microscopy. This contribution studies in-depth the reconstruction of 3D datacubes and the extraction of optical responses of the sample. Monolayer MoS2, a subclass of semiconducting two-dimensional materials, is fabricated by the mechanical exfoliation method on the SiO2/Si substrate with an oxide thickness of 285 nm. The isolated monolayer MoS2 is observed and identified by a conventional optical microscope. The custom-built push-broom microspectroscope is utilized to scan the region of interest, with the whole spectrum of every line recorded at each frame. The spectral information of every point is collected and 3D spectral data sets are reconstructed for feature extraction and property analysis. To realize the thickness mapping of flakes, linear unmixing is employed to calculate the abundance of isolated monolayer MoS2 on the SiO2/Si substrate, improving flake identification performances. The characteristic spectrum of monolayer MoS2 is acquired by averaging the spectrum from the monolayer MoS2 flake. Furthermore, the optical dielectric response is further analyzed by Kramers-Kronig constrained analysis and Fresnel-law-based analysis. The optical dielectric function is calculated and compared based on the refractive index and medium thickness. This detailed analysis of optical dielectric responses highlights the feasibility of push-broom microspectroscopy for two-dimensional materials characterizat

关键词： Refractive index

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Optimizing Frequency Selection for Cole-Cole Model Parameter Extraction in Bioimpedance Spectroscopy Using CPE

Optimizing Frequency Selection for Cole-Cole Model Parameter...

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Impedance Spectroscopy (IWIS), International Workshop on

作者： Cherif Ouni Nour Ammar Ahmed Yahia Kallel John Horstmann Nabil Derbel Ahmed Fakhfakh Olfa Kanoun Measurement and Sensor Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany Laboratory of Signals Systems Artificial Intelligence and Networks Digital Research Centre of Sfax National School of Electronics and Telecommunications of Sfax Sfax Tunisia Control and Energy Management Laboratory National Engineering School of Sfax University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany Electronic Devices of Micro and Nano Technique Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798331507626

ISBN: (纸本)9798331507633

Wearable bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) devices are becoming increasingly popular due to their portability and low power consumption. However, improving power efficiency remains a significant challenge. One proposed solution is to reduce the number of excitation frequencies in the stimulation signal. This study investigates how reducing the number of used frequencies affects bioimpedance spectroscopy performance through simulations using synthetic data derived from a Cole-Cole model incorporating a Constant Phase Element (CPE). Simulations were conducted at various noise levels to evaluate how noise impacts the relationship between frequency and impedance. The results indicate a correlation between the number of frequencies used in BIS and the accuracy of CPE parameter extraction. This is particularly evident for $\alpha$ parameters of 0.8 and higher. Conversely, lowering the $\alpha$ value increases errors, even when a higher number of frequencies is used.

关键词： Spectroscopy Accuracy Biological system modeling Noise Bioimpedance Frequency estimation Data models Impedance Parameter extraction Synthetic data

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Advances in wearable and implantable devices for wireless electrical stimulation therapy

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Discover Electronics 2025年第1期2卷 1-18页

作者： Zhang, Yue Wang, Yijing Zhao, Kun Yang, Minye Ye, Zhilu Zhang, Xiaohui State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Electronic Materials Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Spin Quantum Sensor Chips Universities of Shaanxi Province School of Electronic Science and Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine School of Life Science and Technology International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology Xi’an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-End Equipment Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China

Wireless electrical stimulation devices have gained considerable attention due to their potential to offer therapeutic benefits in various medical applications, including pain management, neurological rehabilitation, and tissue regeneration. Traditionally, electrical stimulation is delivered through large, hospital-based equipment, limiting patient accessibility and convenience. Recent advancements in wearable and implantable devices, however, have paved the way for in-home electrical stimulation therapies. These devices, designed to be wireless and battery-free, offer greater flexibility, but their development hinges on effective methods of wireless power transfer. This review explores key approaches for wirelessly powering these devices, such as inductive coupling, mechanical energy harvesting, magnetic field induction, and optical power transfer. Each method presents unique advantages and limitations in terms of efficiency, range, and practicality for wearable or implantable use. Additionally, we discuss emerging materials that enhance device performance, including bioabsorbable materials that degrade naturally after use, stretchable materials that improve stretchability, and self-adhesive materials that enhance secure attachment. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the key strategies and materials that are driving the development of more effective and accessible electrical stimulation technologies. These advancements hold great promise for improving patient outcomes and expanding the use of electrical stimulation in both clinical and at-home therapies.

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A Double Node Thin-Film Thermocouples for In-Situ measurement

A Double Node Thin-Film Thermocouples for In-Situ Measuremen...

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Automation, Robotics and Computer Engineering (ICARCE), International Conference on

作者： Rong Ma Meiju Zhang Zhongkai Zhang Manguo Huang Xiaobo Liang Jiangjiang Liu Zhaojun Liu Bian Tian State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China Beijing Changcheng Aeronautic Measurement and Control Technology Research Institute Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Special Condition Monitoring Sensor Technology Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665475495

The design, fabrication, testing and implementation of a new high-performance tungsten-rhenium thin film thermocouple are introduced. In this paper, tungsten-rhenium TFTCs are taken as the research object, after simulation analysis in COMSOL software and design, it is made by screen-printing technology and magnetron sputtering. This kind of thin film thermocouple primarily utilizes two kinds of electrode materials with varying composition combination, mainly tungsten with 5% rhenium and tungsten with 26% rhenium. Furthermore, high-temperature annealing is performed to maintain the mechanical properties and thus improve thermoelectric performance. The results demonstrate that the performance is reliable in the temperature range of 150-600 C° with a repeatability of 2.02%, providing application value for high-temperature in-situ sensing.

关键词： Temperature measurement Temperature distribution Thermocouples Tungsten Robot sensing systems Software sensors

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Cole-Cole Bio-Impedance Parameters Estimation From Sinewave Excitation Signal with a Minimum Number of Frequencies

Cole-Cole Bio-Impedance Parameters Estimation From Sinewave ...

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Impedance Spectroscopy (IWIS), International Workshop on

作者： Nour Ammar Cherif Ouni Ahmed Yahia Kallel Hanen Nouri Bilel Ben Atitallah Nabil Derbel Olfa Kanoun Measurement and Sensor Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany Control and Energy Management Laboratory National Engineering School of Sfax University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia Laboratory of Signals Systems Artificial Intelligence and Networks Digital Research Centre of Sfax National School of Electronics and Telecommunications of Sfax Technopole of Sfax Ons City Tunisia

Cole-Cole impedance model is widely used in electrical bioimpedance measurements to characterize biological tissues. Accurate estimation of the Cole-Cole impedance parameters is crucial in bioimpedance measurements to obtain reliable results. Many studies have proposed approaches to estimate the Cole-Cole impedance parameters with high accuracy and minimal error. However, there is still a need to investigate the minimum number and positions of frequencies required to accurately estimate the Cole-Cole impedance parameters and, thus, efficiently reconstruct the impedance spectrum. This paper proposes a novel approach to reconstruct Cole-Cole bioimpedance parameters using a minimum number of frequencies. The study utilizes an IV method-based system implemented on an STM32 platform to perform impedance measurements. The results obtained from this system are compared with those obtained from a commercial impedance analyzer, Agilent 4294A, in the frequency range of 1 kHz to 1 MHz. After applying nonlinear least squares fitting, the results of two and three impedance measurement frequencies showed that selecting certain positions significantly affects the accuracy. Using three frequencies, including the extreme points and an additional point in the high-frequency range, gave better results with 0.56%. The results described here may be useful in other implementations of impedance spectroscopy.

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Study for the Minimization of the Number of Frequencies for Cole-Cole Model for Bioimpedance Spectroscopy

Study for the Minimization of the Number of Frequencies for ...

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Impedance Spectroscopy (IWIS), International Workshop on

作者： Cherif Ouni Nour Ammar Ahmed Yahia Kallel Hanen Nouri Bilel Ben Atitallah Ahmed Fakhfakh Olfa Kanoun Measurement and Sensor Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany Laboratory of Signals Systems Artificial Intelligence and Networks Digital Research Centre of Sfax National School of Electronics and Telecommunications of Sfax Technopole of Sfax Ons City Tunisia Control and Energy Management Laboratory National Engineering School of Sfax University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia

Wearable bioimpedance devices are a growing trend toward low-power and portable devices. These devices offer many advantages, including portability, convenience, and integration into daily life. However, wearable BIS devices face power consumption issues. Reducing the frequencies in the stimulation signal has been proposed to address this issue. This study investigates the effect of minimizing the number of excitation signals on BIS performance using synthetic data from a Cole-Cole model. In the absence of noise, the simulation indicates that two frequencies are sufficient to reconstruct the impedance of a dispersion. When simulating noise variance levels of 10%, 5%, and 1%, the accuracy of component values and their relationship to frequency is affected. It should be noted that beyond a certain threshold, the results or component values are not significantly improved in the presence of noise by increasing the number of frequencies. However, when dealing with noise levels up to about 1%, it is critical to use at least three frequencies to accurately reconstruct the impedance spectrum. This approach reduces power consumption while maintaining the accuracy of the BIS measurements.

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Accurate high-temperature profile sensing with dense multipoint arrays of regenerated fiber Bragg gratings

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Results in Physics 2024年 65卷

作者： Stadler, Andrea Zeisberger, Andreas Buchfellner, Fabian Roehrl, Alexander Koch, Alexander W. Roths, Johannes Munich University of Applied Sciences Photonics Laboratory Lothstr. 34 Munich 80335 Germany MTU Aero Engines AG Dachauer Str. 665 Munich 80995 Germany Technical University of Munich Institute for Measurement Systems and Sensor Technology Theresienstr. 90 Munich 80333 Germany

A spectrally and spatially dense sensor array consisting of 15 regenerated fiber Bragg gratings (RFBGs) over a length of 30 mm is presented for precise and fast multipoint temperature sensing up to 700°C. For the first time, it could be shown that with a dense fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based sensor array the accuracy requirements of Class 1 thermocouples could be achieved and even exceeded. This also represents the highest spatial density of FBG-based high-temperature multipoint sensing reported so far. The mitigation of broadband losses during the regeneration process was studied, revealing the advantages of the low broadband loss characteristics of the RFBGs, especially when larger numbers of measuring points are required. Low measurement uncertainties were achieved by a new, improved calibration methodology and by an analysis of interferences of an FBG with the side lobes of spectrally neighboring FBGs as well as their suppression by a suitable arrangement of the Bragg wavelengths within the array and corresponding data processing. The capabilities of this multipoint sensor technique were demonstrated by resolving the temperature profile within the calibration volume of a calibration furnace and by resolving the temporal and spatial temperature gradients within the flame of a Bunsen burner. The results are of great importance for fiber-optic sensing of high-temperature profiles in real-world applications. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： High spatial resolution High-temperature sensing Multipoint Regenerated fiber Bragg gratings

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Highly Disaggregated Particulate and Gaseous Vehicle Emission Factors and Ambient Concentration Apportionment Using a Plume Regression Technique

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Environmental Science and technology 2025年第23期59卷 11698-11707页

作者： Farren, Naomi J. Knoll, Markus Bergmann, Alexander Wagner, Rebecca L. Shaw, Marvin D. Wilson, Samuel Bernard, Yoann Carslaw, David C. Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories University of York York YO10 5DD United Kingdom Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Inffeldgasse 33/I Graz 8010 Austria Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation School of Biosciences University of Sheffield Sheffield S10 2TN United Kingdom The International Council on Clean Transportation Fasanenstr. 85 Berlin 10623 Germany

In this study, vehicle plume measurements from over 27,500 vehicles were made using continuous fast-response instruments located at the curbside for nitrogen oxides (NOx), particle number (PN), and black carbon (BC) in the city of Milan, Italy. A recently developed plume regression technique is further enhanced to calculate highly disaggregated emission factors for a wide range of vehicle classes. The data reveal a strong improvement in the emissions performance for NOx from passenger cars on going from laboratory to on-road testing. However, for emissions of PN and BC, disaggregation by vehicle manufacturers for diesel passenger cars highlights anomalously high emissions from some manufacturers. Emissions from one manufacturer, which predate on-road testing, are up to a factor of 4 higher than the average of other manufacturers and are among those being scrutinized in several European countries through enhanced periodic technical inspections (PTI) that for the first time considered PN. Near-road concentration source apportionment reveals a broader range of vehicle types contributing to PN and BC compared to NOx. The top three contributors to NOx concentrations account for 57% of total NOx but only 28-29% of total PN and BC. These findings have implications for policies such as low-emission zones of the type adopted in Milan and elsewhere in the world. The combination of curbside measurements and plume regression allows for both high-resolution emission measurements and ambient concentration source apportionment. © 2025 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.

关键词： particulates plume sampling source apportionment vehicle emissions

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