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IEEE Instrumentation and measurement technology Conference

作者： Christian Schuss Kari Remes Kimmo Leppänen Juha Saarela Tapio Fabritius Bernd Eichberger Timo Rahkonen Circuits and Systems (CAS) University of Oulu Finland Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Laboratory University of Oulu Finland Oy G.W. Berg & Co Ab Finland Institute of Electronic Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781509035977

This paper investigates defects in photovoltaic (PV) panels, more precisely, the location of defects in PV panels. With the help of electrical verification, it is possible to verify the impact of defects on output performances. However, it is not possible to determine the location of defects in order to address problems, for example in the manufacturing process of PV panels. In this paper, the focus lies on finding similarities in the location of defect areas in PV panels. Samples were characterised with the help of synchronized thermography (ST) in order to obtain infrared (IR) images of PV panels. IR-images are helpful to get a visual image on the health of PV panels and identify the position of defects. This information can be useful, for example to improve the fabrication process of PV panels.

关键词： Temperature measurement Synchronization Photovoltaic systems Heating systems Electronic mail

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Spectral bandwidth limitations of static common-path and single-mirror Fourier transform infrared spectrometers

Spectral bandwidth limitations of static common-path and sin...

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Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, FTS 2016

作者： Tremme, Anton J. Schardt, Michael Rauscher, Markus S. Murr, Patrik J. Koch, Alexander W. Institute for Measurement Systems and Sensor Technology Technical University of Munich Theresienstraße 90/N5 Munich80333 Germany

Microbolometer arrays allow spectral analysis of infrared light using static Fourier transform spectrometers (sFTS). Here we evaluate limitations of common-path and single-mirror sFTS regarding their spectral bandwidt... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9780960038046

关键词： Mirrors

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Extended Spectral Unmixing for the Classification of Fluorescently Labeled Plastic Waste

Extended Spectral Unmixing for the Classification of Fluores...

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IEEE Region 10 Conference

作者： Siegfried Brunner Christian Kargel Divison of Measurement Systems and Sensor Technology Bundeswehr University Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781509025985

Plastics are indispensable materials in modern life and their worldwide production has been steadily increasing in the last 20 years. Unfortunately, only about one quarter of the produced plastics is recycled into new products. Given the enormous (global) challenges associated with plastic waste, the recycling rate must be increased. We present the results of a hyperspectral imaging prototype system developed for the realtime identification (classification) and sorting of a mixture of small plastic flakes delivered on a conveyor belt The spectra emitted from fluorescent tracers incorporated into the different plastics at the ppm level according to a binary coding scheme serve as unique optical fingerprints for classification purposes. An extended form of hyperspectral unmixing provides highly appropriate features for the maximum-a-posteriori (MAP) classifier used, and additionally suppresses the adverse effects from inherent (auto-)fluorescence emitted from the hosting plastics. Results derived from 160,000 plastic flakes (4 bit binary coding with 16 different plastic classes) analyzed with the prototype system prove the excellent performance of this approach. Very high values for the overall sensitivity TPR=99.867% and precision PPV=99.8725% were achieved, which are essential in practice for automated sorting with high reliability at the required purity of the sorted material.

关键词： Plastics indispensable sorted material

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Dermal Tattoo Biosensors for Colorimetric Metabolite Detection

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Angewandte Chemie 2019年第31期131卷

作者： Ali K. Yetisen Rosalia Moreddu Sarah Seifi Nan Jiang Katia Vega Xingchen Dong Jie Dong Haider Butt Martin Jakobi Martin Elsner Alexander W. Koch Institute for Measurement Systems and Sensor Technology Technical University of Munich 80333 Munich Germany School of Chemical Engineering University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA Department of Design University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Khalifa University Abu Dhabi 127788 United Arab Emirates Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry Technical University of Munich 81377 Munich Germany

Tattooing is a ubiquitous body modification involving the injection of ink and/or dye pigments into the dermis. Biosensors in the form of tattoos can be used to monitor metabolites in interstitial fluid. Here, minimally invasive, injectable dermal biosensors were developed for measuring pH, glucose, and albumin concentrations. The dermal pH sensor was based on methyl red, bromothymol blue, and phenolphthalein, which responded to a pH range from 5.0 to 9.0. The dermal glucose sensor consisted of glucose oxidase, 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine, and peroxidase that detected concentrations up to 50.0 mmol L −1 . The dermal albumin sensor consisted of 3′,3′′,5′,5′′‐tetrachlorophenol‐3,4,5,6‐tetrabromosulfophthalein to measure concentrations up to 5.0 g L −1 . The sensors were multiplexed in ex vivo skin tissue and quantitative readouts were obtained using a smartphone camera. These sensors can be used to manage of acid–base homeostasis, diabetes, and liver failure in point‐of‐care settings.

关键词： Dermatologie Kolorimetrische sensoren Photomedizin Tätowierungen Tinten

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Robust integration of optical fiber sensors for aerospace applications in composite material structures 8

Robust integration of optical fiber sensors for aerospace ap...

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8th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, EWSHM 2016

作者： Frovel, Malte Millán, Javier San Carrión, Gabriel Pintado, José María Cabrerizo, Fernando Terroba, Felix Reutlinger, Arnd Buck, Thorbjoern Crta. De ajalvir pk 4 Torrejón de Ardoz28850 Spain KayserThrede GmbH Munich Germany Technical University of Munich Institute for Measurement Systems and Sensor Technology Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781510827936

Fiber optic sensors are robust sensors that stand very harsh aeronautic and space environment, when being embedded in composite material with polymeric matrix (CFRP) and when the ingress/egress (i/e) point of the optical fiber is well protected. The embedded fibers normally only break, when the CFRP structures breaks or when an impact on the host material happens very close to the fiber location. The situation is much more complicated in the i/e point of the fiber from the host structure. The stiffness jump in the i/e makes the optical fiber very vulnerable. An adequate protection must be insured using for this frequently embedded polymeric tubes and acrylic rubbers. The following paper gives examples of different embedded fiber optic Bragg grating sensors (FBGS) in composite samples and structures for aeronautic and launcher applications. Fatigue and vibration tests with different load spectrums for aeronautic and space applications have been performed to demonstrate the robustness of the embedded sensors and the i/e point. The performance of the embedded fibers have been validated during vibrations tests simulating the launch condition of the Ariane 5 launcher within the scope of an ESA-funded project and during fatigue cycles of ultimate load of aeronautic CFRP materials within an EDA funded project. In all the tested conditions, the optical sensors were operative during and after the performed tests.

关键词： Vibration analysis

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Influence of surface morphology on fatigue behavior of metastable austenitic stainless steel AISI 347 at ambient temperature and 300°C

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Procedia Structural Integrity 2017年 5卷 989-996页

作者： Marek Smaga Robert Skorupski Patrick Mayer Benjamin Kirsch Jan C. Aurich Indek Raid Jörg Seewig Jiří Man Dietmar Eifler Tilmann Beck Institute of Materials Science and Engineering University of Kaiserslautern P.O. Box 3049 67653 Kaiserslautern Germany Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Production Systems University of Kaiserslautern P.O. Box 3049 67653 Kaiserslautern Germany Institute for Measurement and Sensor-Technology University of Kaiserslautern P.O. Box 3049 67653 Kaiserslautern Germany Institute of Physics of Materials ASCR Žižkova 22 616 62 Brno Czech Republic

The effect of surface modification by cryogenic turning on fatigue behavior of metastable austenitic stainless steel AISI 347 was investigated in stress-controlled fatigue tests at ambient temperature (AT) and 300 °C in air. Five different surface morphologies were manufactured by the variation of turning parameters – with and without cryogenic CO 2 snow cooling and feed velocity as well as by the application of polishing for reference surfaces with a very small surface roughness. For a comprehensive characterization of the surface and near surface morphology, X-ray diffraction investigations were performed. Three phases (γ-austenite, α-martensite and ε-martensite) were detected in the near-surface microstructure after cryogenic turning while after turning without cryogenic cooling the only microstructural constituent was γ-austenite. Moreover, residual stress state, micro hardness and surface roughness play an important role in surface morphology. The experimental data on the cyclic deformation behavior and stress-strain response of all surface morphologies are reported. Reference specimens with purely austenitic surface microstructure show the highest plastic strain amplitude during cyclic loading at both AT and 300°C. At elevated temperature these specimens achieved the shortest fatigue life. Martensitic surface layers induced by cryogenic turning result in the reduction of plastic strain amplitude during cyclic loading and significantly enhance fatigue life at both tested temperatures.

关键词： metastable austenitic stainless steels martensite surface morphology cryogenic turning fatigue

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Design and Verification of Geometric Roughness Standards by Reverse Engineering

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Procedia CIRP 2016年 45卷 259-262页

作者： Jörg Seewig Matthias Eifler Frank Schneider Jan C. Aurich Institute for Measurement and Sensor-Technology University of Kaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler Str. 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Production Systems University of Kaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler Str. 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany

In order to ensure a reliable calibration of surface topography measuring instruments the use of practical calibration strategies is required. This requirement can be fulfilled when measurement standards with a defined surface structure in accordance to the later obsessed application are used. Different examples for the design and manufacturing of accordant measurement standards have been investigated by the authors. Within this publication a generic reverse engineering approach for the design of geometrical measurement standards is deducted from these results. The physical effects that occur because of the manufacturing with an ultraprecision turning machine and the sampling of the measurement standards are mathematically inversed and considered. The practical abilities of the approach are illustrated exemplarily. These theoretical considerations for the design can be verified experimentally by the manufacturing of the samples with an ultra-precision turning process. In doing so, the high precision of the new design approach can be validated. The examinations confirm the universality of the reverse engineering approach for the design of measurement standards.

关键词： roughness standards calibration traceability

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Photoacoustic CO2-sensor for Automotive Applications

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Procedia Engineering 2016年 168卷 3-6页

作者： J. Huber C. Weber A. Eberhardt J. Wöllenstein Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM Department of Gas and Process Technology Group of Integrated Sensor Systems 79110 Freiburg Germany Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK University of Freiburg Germany

We present a field-tested miniaturized spectroscopic CO 2 sensor which is based on the photoacoustic effect. The sensor is developed for automotive applications and considers the requirements for the usage in vehicles. The sensor measures two measurement ranges simultaneously: The monitoring of the indoor air quality and the detection of possible leakages of the coolant in CO 2 air-conditioning systems. The sensor consists of a miniaturized innovative photoacoustic sensor unit with integrated electronics. The sensor was characterized in detail in laboratory and the capability for automotive applications was proven in field measurements in a test car. Furthermore the potential for market entry is discussed.

关键词： gas sensor photoacoustic carbon dioxide spectroscopy automotive

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Contamination of roughness artefacts - Impact on the measurement results 15

Contamination of roughness artefacts - Impact on the measure...

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15th International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2015

作者： Eifler, Matthias Schneider, Frank Bohley, Martin Aurich, Jan C. Seewig, Jörg University of Kaiserslautern Institute for Measurement and Sensor-Technology Germany University of Kaiserslautern Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Production Systems Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780956679079

When roughness artefacts are used in the production environment, a contamination with operational residues is possible. There are many methods for the cleaning of technical surfaces, but no specific strategy regarding roughness artefacts is proven suitable. A study on the impact of contamination on the measurement results of roughness artefacts was carried out. Defined, production-related contaminations were applied and the samplings were cleaned with an ultrasonic cleaning system, compressed air, and CO2 snow blasting to examine the impact of dirt on the roughness parameters. Experimentally it can be shown that certain contaminations like metal swarf and cutting oil can be cleaned easily with different methods, while penetrating oil is hard to remove from the surface. It is possible to evaluate the quality of the cleaning methods and to give recommendations for cleaning.

关键词： Contamination

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Sensing Movable Receiving Coils by Detection of AC Current Changes on the Primary Side of a Multi-Coil System

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Procedia Engineering 2016年 168卷 991-994页

作者： B. Kallel O. Kanoun H. Trabelsi M. Roes Chair for Measurement and Sensor Technology Technische Universität Chemnitz Reichenhainer Straße 70 09126 Chemnitz Germany Computer Electronic & Smart Engineering systems design National Engineering School of Sfax Road of Soukra km 3 3038 Sfax Tunisia Electromechanics and Power Electronics Eindhoven University of Technology Postbus 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands

Position detection is very important for inductive power transfer systems with movable receivers, in order to switch off inactive coils and to reach a high efficiency. The solution presented in this paper is based on the measurement of the current amplitudes in sending coils, which show a significant difference between no targets, metallic targets and receiving coils. A galvanically separated circuit is designed to implement the new method by transforming the current of the sending coils to a DC voltage and then comparing it to the detection threshold. Finite element simulations were carried out to predict the value of the detection threshold. Both simulation and experimental results show that the circuit fulfils the detection requirements with high precision and high detection height. The proposed method represents a smart, efficient and low cost detection technique for inductive systems with a movable receiver, independently on position and speed.

关键词： Inductive power transmission Multi-coil system Movable receiver Position detection

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