It was an object of the presented study to develop an infrared sensor for on-line analysis of the deterioration stage of industrial lubricants. The sensor employs the effect of infrared absorption and Attenuated Total...
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It was an object of the presented study to develop an infrared sensor for on-line analysis of the deterioration stage of industrial lubricants. The sensor employs the effect of infrared absorption and Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR). The ATR technique provides the separation of sensitive sensor optics from the hazardous environment. A novel method of signal modulation permits measurements of absorptions at sample and reference wavelength, within one measurement cycle, using a simple one-element pyroelectric detector and Fourier Transform of the detected signal.
This paper presents thermal analysis simulation and verification of a 50-nanoliter-reactor PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) well for application in silicon arrays, allowing 5×5 chamber matrix to befitted on a 1cm2...
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This paper presents thermal analysis simulation and verification of a 50-nanoliter-reactor PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) well for application in silicon arrays, allowing 5×5 chamber matrix to befitted on a 1cm2square. Every reactor cell is equipped with an integrated heater, temperature sensor and a photo detector. Each well forms a separate unit independently controlled and thermally insulated from the rest. Through micromachining the thermal capacity of each chamber is minimized, enabling rapid (8-10 cycles per minute) PCR cycling. To characterize the thermal behavior, an equivalent lumped element electrical circuit was defined and the results were compared to those obtained by Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis with CoventorWare™. The proposed structure was implemented on a silicon substrate using a standard CMOS process and post-processing. Experiments were performed for verification of the model. Analysis shows that a temperature of about 95°C can be reached (starting from 55°C) by applying 1.5 W of electrical power in the integrated heater over a period of less than 2.5 seconds. The cooling (not active - self cooling) of the device is done in about 1.5 second.
This paper presents thermal analysis simulation and verification of a 50-nanoliter-reactor PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) well for application in silicon arrays, allowing 5/spl times/5 chamber matrix to be fitted on ...
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This paper presents thermal analysis simulation and verification of a 50-nanoliter-reactor PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) well for application in silicon arrays, allowing 5/spl times/5 chamber matrix to be fitted on a 1cm/sup 2/ square. Every reactor cell is equipped with an integrated heater, temperature sensor and a photodetector. Each well forms a separate unit independently controlled and thermally insulated from the rest. Through micromachining the thermal capacity of each chamber is minimized, enabling rapid (8 - 10 cycles per minute) PCR cycling. To characterize the thermal behavior, an equivalent lumped element electrical circuit was defined and the results were compared to those obtained by Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis with CoventorWare/spl trade/. The proposed structure was implemented on a silicon substrate using a standard CMOS process and post-processing. Experiments were performed for verification of the model. Analysis shows that a temperature of about 95/spl deg/C can be reached (starting from 55/spl deg/C) by applying 1.5 W of electrical power in the integrated heater over a period of less than 2.5 seconds. The cooling (not active - self cooling) of the device is done in about 1.5 second.
Low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology allows to create 3-D ceramic devices from tapes with different electrical and magnetic properties. Recently ferrimagnetic materials became available as LTCC tapes. To...
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NiZn-ferrite materials are commonly used soft ferrites in all sorts of devices utilizing ferrimagnetic properties in a frequency range up to several tens of megahertz. Manufacturer data sheets of material properties u...
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Storing energy is one of the most important challenges of our time. Energy storage systems are not only essential for switching to renewable energy sources, but also for all mobile applications. Electro-mechanical fly...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783658353421
ISBN:
(纸本)9783658353414
Storing energy is one of the most important challenges of our time. Energy storage systems are not only essential for switching to renewable energy sources, but also for all mobile applications. Electro-mechanical flywheel energy storage systems (FESS) can be used in hybrid vehicles as an alternative to chemical batteries or capacitors and have enormous development potential. In the first part of the book, the Supersystem Analysis, FESS is placed in a global context using a holistic approach. External influences such as the vehicle, driver and operating strategy, including socio-psychological aspects, are analyzed with regard to their interaction with the memory. From this, optimal application scenarios are derived and the development goals relevant for market success are defined. In the second part, the consideration of the subsystem, those critical components in the FESS are identified which are responsible for the achievement of the technical target properties. From the point of view of maximum cost reduction, specific solutions for the design of the key components are presented and their suitability is validated through empirical studies on the housing, bearing and rotor as well as through overall prototypes.;This book is a translation of the original German 1st edition Schwungradspeicher in der Fahrzeugtechnik by Armin Buchroithner published by Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature in 2019.
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