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The Brain Tumor Sequence Registration (BraTS-Reg) Challenge: Establishing Correspondence Between Pre-Operative and Follow-up MRI Scans of Diffuse Glioma Patients

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Baheti, Bhakti Chakrabarty, Satrajit Akbari, Hamed Bilello, Michel Wiestler, Benedikt Schwarting, Julian Calabrese, Evan Rudie, Jeffrey Abidi, Syed Mousa, Mina Villanueva-Meyer, Javier Fields, Brandon K.K. Kofler, Florian Shinohara, Russell Takeshi Iglesias, Juan Eugenio Mok, Tony C.W. Chung, Albert C.S. Wodzinski, Marek Jurgas, Artur Marini, Niccolò Atzori, Manfredo Müller, Henning Grosbröhmer, Christoph Siebert, Hanna Hansen, Lasse Heinrich, Mattias P. Canalini, Luca Klein, Jan Gerken, Annika Heldmann, Stefan Hering, Alessa Hahn, Horst K. Meng, Mingyuan Bi, Lei Feng, Dagan Kim, Jinman Zeineldinal, Ramy A. Karar, Mohamed E. Mathis-Ullrich, Franziska Burgert, Oliver Abderezaei, Javid Pionteck, Aymeric Chopra, Agamdeep Kurt, Mehmet Yan, Kewei Yan, Yonghong Tang, Zhe Ma, Jianqiang Nasser, Sahar Almahfouz Kurian, Nikhil Cherian Meena, Mohit Shamsi, Saqib Sethi, Amit Tustison, Nicholas J. Avants, Brian B. Cook, Philip Gee, James C. Tian, Lin Greer, Hastings Niethammer, Marc Hoopesar, Andrew Hoffmannas, Malte Dalcaar, Adrian V. Christodoulidis, Stergios Estiene, Théo Vakalopoulou, Maria Paragios, Nikos Marcus, Daniel S. Davatzikos, Christos Sotiras, Aristeidis Menze, Bjoern Bakas, Spyridon Waldmannstetter, Diana Division of Computational Pathology Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisIN United States Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. LouisMO United States GE HealthCare San RamonCA United States University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Department of Radiology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine St. LouisMO United States Institute for Informatics Data Science & Biostatistics Washington University School of Medicine St. LouisMO United States Department of Bioengineering Santa Clara University Santa ClaraCA United States Department of Quantitative Biomedicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland Department of Computer Science TUM School of Computation Information and Technology Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology School of Medicine Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital Regensburg Regensburg Germany University Hospital Regensburg Regensburg Germany Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging University of California San FranciscoCA United States Department of Radiology Duke University Medical Center DurhamNC United States Department of Radiology University of California San DiegoCA United States Helmholtz AI Helmholtz Munich Neuherberg Germany Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center Department of Biostatistics Epidemiology and Informatics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia United States Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School United States Centre for Medical Imaging Computing University College London United Kingdom The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong University of Applied Sciences West

Registration of longitudinal brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans containing pathologies is challenging due to dramatic changes in tissue appearance. Although there has been considerable progress in developing general-purpose medical image registration techniques, they have not yet attained the requisite precision and reliability for this task, highlighting its inherent complexity. Here we describe the Brain Tumor Sequence Registration (BraTS-Reg) challenge, as the first public benchmark environment for deformable registration algorithms focusing on estimating correspondences between pre-operative and follow-up scans of the same patient diagnosed with a diffuse brain glioma. The challenge was conducted in conjunction with both the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) 2022 and the International Conference on Medical Image Computing and computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) 2022. The BraTS-Reg data comprise de-identified multi-institutional multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) scans, curated for size and resolution according to a canonical anatomical template, and divided into training, validation, and testing sets. Clinical experts annotated ground truth (GT) landmark points of anatomical locations distinct across the temporal domain. The training data with their GT annotations, were publicly released to enable the development of registration algorithms. The validation data, without their GT annotations, were also released to allow for algorithmic evaluation prior to the testing phase, which only allowed submission of containerized algorithms for evaluation on hidden hold-out testing data. Quantitative evaluation and ranking was based on the Median Euclidean Error (MEE), Robustness, and the determinant of the Jacobian of the displacement field. The top-ranked methodologies yielded similar performance across all evaluation metrics and shared several methodological commonalities, including pre-alignment, deep neural networks, inverse consistency

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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Streaming data analysis framework for cyber-physical system of metal machining processes 1

Streaming data analysis framework for cyber-physical system ...

引用

1st IEEE International Conference on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems, ICPS 2018

作者： Yang, Chao-Lung Sutrisno, Hendri Lo, Nai-Wei Chen, Zhi-Xuan Wei, Ching-Chih Zhang, Han-Wei Lin, Chin-Teng Wei, Chen-Lung Hsieh, Shang-Heng Department of Industrial Management National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Information Management National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Institute of Electrical Control Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Precision Machinery Research and Development Center Taichung City Taiwan CIMFORCE International Limited New Taipei City Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781538665312

Online monitoring and offline batch analyzing the data stream obtained from computer numeric control (CNC) machines and sensors deployed on manufacturing site are the core technology of Cyber-Physical System (CPS). In order to analyze data stream collected continually, in this research, the data analysis framework consist of supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), edge computing and cloud computing is proposed. By integrating signal smoothing and anomaly pattern detection techniques, the significant unique patterns of data stream can be discovered and stored for further usage in CPS application. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Cyber Physical System

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Resource allocation for device-to-device communications in multi-cell multi-band heterogeneous cellular networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Chen, Yali Ai, Bo Niu, Yong He, Ruisi Zhong, Zhangdui Han, Zhu State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway Broadband Mobile Communications School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China University of Houston HoustonTX77004 United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kyung Hee University Seoul446-701 Korea Republic of

Heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs) with millimeter wave (mm-wave) communications are considered as a promising technology for the fifth generation mobile networks. Mm-wave has the potential to provide multiple gigabit data rate due to the broad spectrum. Unfortunately, additional free space path loss is also caused by the high carrier frequency. On the other hand, mm-wave signals are sensitive to obstacles and more vulnerable to blocking effects. To address this issue, highly directional narrow beams are utilized in mm-wave networks. Additionally, device-to-device (D2D) users make full use of their proximity and share uplink spectrum resources in HCNs to increase the spectrum efficiency and network capacity. Towards the caused complex interferences, the combination of D2Denabled HCNs with small cells densely deployed and mm-wave communications poses a big challenge to the resource allocation problems. In this paper, we formulate the optimization problem of D2D communication spectrum resource allocation among multiple micro-wave bands and multiple mm-wave bands in HCNs. Then, considering the totally different propagation conditions on the two bands, a heuristic algorithm is proposed to maximize the system transmission rate and approximate the solutions with sufficient accuracies. Compared with other practical schemes, we carry out extensive simulations with different system parameters, and demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed scheme. In addition, the optimality and complexity are simulated to further verify effectiveness and efficiency. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heterogeneous networks

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Robust medical instrument segmentation challenge 2019

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Roβ, Tobias Reinke, Annika Full, Peter M. Wagner, Martin Kenngott, Hannes Apitz, Martin Hempe, Hellena Filimon, Diana Mindroc Scholz, Patrick Tran, Thuy Nuong Bruno, Pierangela Arbelaéz, Pablo Bian, Gui-Bin Bodenstedt, Sebastian Bolmgren, Jon Lindström Bravo-Sánchez, Laura Chen, Hua-Bin González, Cristina Guo, Dong Halvorsen, Pål Heng, Pheng-Ann Hosgor, Enes Hou, Zeng-Guang Isensee, Fabian Jha, Debesh Jiang, Tingting Kirtac, Kadir Jin, Yueming Kletz, Sabrina Leger, Stefan Li, Zhixuan Maier-Hein, Klaus H. Ni, Zhen-Liang Riegler, Michael A. Schoeffmann, Klaus Shi, Ruohua Speidel, Stefanie Stenze, Michael Twick, Isabell Wang, Gutai Wang, Jiacheng Wang, Liansheng Wang, Lu Zhang, Yujie Zhou, Yan-Jie Zhu, Lei Wiesenfarth, Manuel Kopp-Schneider, Annette Müller-Stich, Beat P. Maier-Hein, Lena Heidelberg Germany University of Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Germany Department of General Heidelberg University Hospital Visceral and Transplant Surgery Heidelberg Germany caresyntax Berlin Germany University of Chinese Academy Sciences Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China SimulaMet Oslo Norway Tromsø Norway Oslo Norway School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China Partner Site Dresden Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany Dresden Germany Universidad de Los Andes Bogotá Colombia Peking University Peking China Department of Computer Science School of Informatics Xiamen University Xiamen China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong German Cancer Research Center Division of Biostatistics Heidelberg Germany Institute of Information Technology Klagenfurt University Austria

Intraoperative tracking of laparoscopic instruments is often a prerequisite for computer and roboticassisted interventions. While numerous methods for detecting, segmenting and tracking of medical instruments based on endoscopic video images have been proposed in the literature, key limitations remain to be addressed: Firstly, robustness, that is, the reliable performance of state-of-the-art methods when run on challenging images (e.g. in the presence of blood, smoke or motion artifacts). Secondly, generalization;algorithms trained for a specific intervention in a specific hospital should generalize to other interventions or institutions. In an effort to promote solutions for these limitations, we organized the Robust Medical Instrument Segmentation (ROBUST-MIS) challenge as an international benchmarking competition with a specific focus on the robustness and generalization capabilities of algorithms. For the first time in the field of endoscopic image processing, our challenge included a task on binary segmentation and also addressed multi-instance detection and segmentation. The challenge was based on a surgical data set comprising 10,040 annotated images acquired from a total of 30 surgical procedures from three different types of surgery. The validation of the competing methods for the three tasks (binary segmentation, multi-instance detection and multi-instance segmentation) was performed in three different stages with an increasing domain gap between the training and the test data. The results confirm the initial hypothesis, namely that algorithm performance degrades with an increasing domain gap. While the average detection and segmentation quality of the best-performing algorithms is high, future research should concentrate on detection and segmentation of small, crossing, moving and transparent instrument(s) (parts). Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Endoscopy

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Correction to Topological Surface State Annihilation and Creation in SnTe/Crx(BiSb)2–xTe3Heterostructures

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Nano Letters 2022年第20期22卷 8394页

作者： Peng Deng Alexander Grutter Yulei Han Megan E. Holtz Peng Zhang Patrick Quarterman Shuaihang Pan Shifei Qi Zhenhua Qiao Kang L. Wang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Los Angeles California 90095 United States Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing 100193 China NIST Center for Neutron Research National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland 20899-6102 United States ICQD Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics and Department of Physics University of Science and Technology of China Anhui 230026 China Materials Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland 20899-6102 United States Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California Los Angeles California 90095 United States College of Physics and Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory Hebei Normal University Hebei 050024 China Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Los Angeles California 90095 United States

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Experimental Demonstration of Quantum Fully Homomorphic Encryption with Application in a Two-Party Secure Protocol

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Physical Review X 2020年第1期10卷 011038-011038页

作者： W. K. Tham Hugo Ferretti Kent Bonsma-Fisher Aharon Brodutch Barry C. Sanders Aephraim M. Steinberg Stacey Jeffery Department of Physics and Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control University of Toronto 60 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 1A7 Canada The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto 10 Kings College Road Toronto Ontario M5S 3G4 Canada Institute for Quantum Science and Technology University of Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada Institute for Quantum Information and Matter California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Toronto Ontario M5G 1M1 Canada QuSoft and CWI Amsterdam 1098 XG Netherlands

A fully homomorphic encryption system hides data from unauthorized parties while still allowing them to perform computations on the encrypted data. Aside from the straightforward benefit of allowing users to delegate computations to a more powerful server without revealing their inputs, a fully homomorphic cryptosystem can be used as a building block in the construction of a number of cryptographic functionalities. Designing such a scheme remained an open problem until 2009, decades after the idea was first conceived, and the past few years have seen the generalization of this functionality to the world of quantum machines. Quantum schemes prior to the one implemented here were able to replicate some features in particular use cases often associated with homomorphic encryption but lacked other crucial properties, for example, relying on continual interaction to perform a computation or leaking information about the encrypted data. We present the first experimental realization of a quantum fully homomorphic encryption scheme. To demonstrate the versatility of a a quantum fully homomorphic encryption scheme, we further present a toy two-party secure computation task enabled by our scheme.

关键词： Photon pairs & parametric down-conversion Quantum cryptography Quantum gates Quantum information with atoms & light

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Wastewater sequencing reveals early cryptic SARS-CoV-2 variant transmission

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四川生理科学杂志 2022年第6期44卷 1118-1118页

作者： Smruthi Karthikeyan Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Department of Biomedical Informatics University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Department of Bioengineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Department of Immunology and Microbiology The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla CA USA Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA COVID-19 Detection Investigation Surveillance Clinical and Outbreak Response California Department of Public Health Richmond CA USA Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Student Health and Well-Being University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Institute for Genomic Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Operational Strategic Initiatives University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Return to Learn University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Student Affairs University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Academic Affairs University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Department of Pathology University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Scripps Health San Diego La Jolla CA USA Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine San Diego CA USA Sharp Healthcare San Diego CA USA Helix San Mateo CA USA County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency San Diego CA USA Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science Univers

As SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread and evolve,detecting emerging variants early is critical for public health *** lineage prevalence by clinical testing is infeasible at scale,especially in areas with limited resources,participation,or testing/sequencing capacity,which can also introduce ***-CoV-2 RNA concentration in wastewater successfully tracks regional infection dynamics and provides less biased abundance estimates than clinical testing4,*** virus genomic sequences in wastewater would improve community prevalence estimates and detect emerging variants.

关键词： wastewater Wastewater testing

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Authors’ Response to Peer Reviews of “Emergence of the First Strains of SARS-CoV-2 Lineage B.1.1.7 in Romania: Genomic Analysis”

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JMIRx Med 2021年第3期2卷

作者： Andrei Lobiuc Mihai Dimian Olga Sturdza Roxana Filip Mihai Covasa Department of Human Health and Development College of Physical Exercise and Sport Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava Suceava Romania Department of Computers Electronics and Automation College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava Suceava Romania Integrated Center for Research Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials Nanotechnologies and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava Suceava Romania Suceava County Emergency Hospital Suceava Romania

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Ultrahigh-pressure form of SiO2 glass with dense pyrite-type crystalline homology

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Physical Review B 2019年第4期99卷 045153-045153页

作者： M. Murakami S. Kohara N. Kitamura J. Akola H. Inoue A. Hirata Y. Hiraoka Y. Onodera I. Obayashi J. Kalikka N. Hirao T. Musso A. S. Foster Y. Idemoto O. Sakata Y. Ohishi Department of Earth Sciences ETH Zürich Zürich 8092 Switzerland Department of Earth and Planetary Materials Science Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Hyogo 679-5148 Japan Center for Materials research by Information Integration (CMI2) Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS) NIMS Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan Research and Utilization Division Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute Hyogo 679-5198 Japan School of Materials Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Ishikawa 923-1211 Japan PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency Tokyo 102-0076 Japan Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Tokyo University of Science Chiba 278-8510 Japan Department of Physics Tampere University of Technology FI-33101 Tampere Finland Department of Physics Norwegian University of Science and Technology NO-7481 Trondheim Norway Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo 153-8505 Japan Graduate School of Fundamental Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology Waseda University Tokyo 169-0051 Japan Mathematics for Advanced Materials-OIL AIST Sendai 980-8577 Japan WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Sendai 980-8577 Japan Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan Center for Advanced Intelligence Project RIKEN Tokyo 103-0027 Japan Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science Kyoto University Osaka 590-0494 Japan Department of Applied Physics Aalto University FI-00076 Aalto Finland Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan

High-pressure synthesis of denser glass has been a longstanding interest in condensed-matter physics and materials science because of its potentially broad industrial application. Nevertheless, understanding its nature under extreme pressures has yet to be clarified due to experimental and theoretical challenges. Here we reveal the formation of OSi4 tetraclusters associated with that of SiO7 polyhedra in SiO2 glass under ultrahigh pressures to 200 gigapascal confirmed both experimentally and theoretically. Persistent homology analyses with molecular dynamics simulations found increased packing fraction of atoms whose topological diagram at ultrahigh pressures is similar to a pyrite-type crystalline phase, although the formation of tetraclusters is prohibited in the crystalline phase. This critical difference would be caused by the potential structural tolerance in the glass for distortion of oxygen clusters. Furthermore, an expanded electronic band gap demonstrates that chemical bonds survive at ultrahigh pressure. This opens up the synthesis of topologically disordered dense oxide glasses.

关键词： Chemical bonding Density of states Electronic structure Phase transitions Pressure effects Specific phase transitions Structural properties Topological phase transition Topological phases of matter Density functional theory Molecular dynamics Wannier function methods X-ray diffraction X-ray powder diffraction

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Population of Merging Compact Binaries Inferred Using Gravitational Waves through GWTC-3

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Physical Review X 2023年第1期13卷 011048-011048页

作者： R. Abbott T. D. Abbott F. Acernese K. Ackley C. Adams N. Adhikari R. X. Adhikari V. B. Adya C. Affeldt D. Agarwal M. Agathos K. Agatsuma N. Aggarwal O. D. Aguiar L. Aiello A. Ain P. Ajith T. Akutsu P. F. de Alarcón S. Akcay S. Albanesi A. Allocca P. A. Altin A. Amato C. Anand S. Anand A. Ananyeva S. B. Anderson W. G. Anderson M. Ando T. Andrade N. Andres T. Andrić S. V. Angelova S. Ansoldi J. M. Antelis S. Antier F. Antonini S. Appert Koji Arai Koya Arai Y. Arai S. Araki A. Araya M. C. Araya J. S. Areeda M. Arène N. Aritomi N. Arnaud M. Arogeti S. M. Aronson K. G. Arun H. Asada Y. Asali G. Ashton Y. Aso M. Assiduo S. M. Aston P. Astone F. Aubin C. Austin S. Babak F. Badaracco M. K. M. Bader C. Badger S. Bae Y. Bae A. M. Baer S. Bagnasco Y. Bai L. Baiotti J. Baird R. Bajpai M. Ball G. Ballardin S. W. Ballmer A. Balsamo G. Baltus S. Banagiri D. Bankar J. C. Barayoga C. Barbieri B. C. Barish D. Barker P. Barneo F. Barone B. Barr L. Barsotti M. Barsuglia D. Barta J. Bartlett M. A. Barton I. Bartos R. Bassiri A. Basti M. Bawaj J. C. Bayley A. C. Baylor M. Bazzan B. Bécsy V. M. Bedakihale M. Bejger I. Belahcene V. Benedetto D. Beniwal T. F. Bennett J. D. Bentley M. BenYaala F. Bergamin B. K. Berger S. Bernuzzi C. P. L. Berry D. Bersanetti A. Bertolini J. Betzwieser D. Beveridge R. Bhandare U. Bhardwaj D. Bhattacharjee S. Bhaumik I. A. Bilenko G. Billingsley S. Bini R. Birney O. Birnholtz S. Biscans M. Bischi S. Biscoveanu A. Bisht B. Biswas M. Bitossi M.-A. Bizouard J. K. Blackburn C. D. Blair D. G. Blair R. M. Blair F. Bobba N. Bode M. Boer G. Bogaert M. Boldrini L. D. Bonavena F. Bondu E. Bonilla R. Bonnand P. Booker B. A. Boom R. Bork V. Boschi N. Bose S. Bose V. Bossilkov V. Boudart Y. Bouffanais A. Bozzi C. Bradaschia P. R. Brady A. Bramley A. Branch M. Branchesi J. Brandt J. E. Brau M. Breschi T. Briant J. H. Briggs A. Brillet M. Brinkmann P. Brockill A. F. Brooks J. Brooks D. D. Brown S. Brunett G. Bruno R. Bruntz J. Bryant T. Bulik H. J. Bulten A. Buonanno R. Buscicchio D. Buskulic C. Buy R. L. Byer L. Cadonati LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno I-84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy OzGrav School of Physics & Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia LIGO Livingston Observatory Livingston Louisiana 70754 USA University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin 53201 USA OzGrav Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) D-30167 Hannover Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover D-30167 Hannover Germany Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena D-07743 Jena Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration & Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 12227-010 São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil Gravity Exploration Institute Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom INFN Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Universitat de les Illes Balears IAC3–IEEC E-07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland INFN Sezione di Torino I-10125 Torino Italy Università di Napoli “Federico II” Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli

We report on the population properties of compact binary mergers inferred from gravitational-wave observations of these systems during the first three LIGO-Virgo observing runs. The Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog 3 (GWTC-3) contains signals consistent with three classes of binary mergers: binary black hole, binary neutron star, and neutron star–black hole mergers. We infer the binary neutron star merger rate to be between 10 and 1700 Gpc−3 yr−1 and the neutron star–black hole merger rate to be between 7.8 and 140 Gpc−3 yr−1, assuming a constant rate density in the comoving frame and taking the union of 90% credible intervals for methods used in this work. We infer the binary black hole merger rate, allowing for evolution with redshift, to be between 17.9 and 44 Gpc−3 yr−1 at a fiducial redshift (z=0.2). The rate of binary black hole mergers is observed to increase with redshift at a rate proportional to (1+z)κ with κ=2.9−1.8+1.7 for z≲1. Using both binary neutron star and neutron star–black hole binaries, we obtain a broad, relatively flat neutron star mass distribution extending from 1.2−0.2+0.1 to 2.0−0.3+0.3M⊙. We confidently determine that the merger rate as a function of mass sharply declines after the expected maximum neutron star mass, but cannot yet confirm or rule out the existence of a lower mass gap between neutron stars and black holes. We also find the binary black hole mass distribution has localized over- and underdensities relative to a power-law distribution, with peaks emerging at chirp masses of 8.3−0.5+0.3 and 27.9−1.8+1.9M⊙. While we continue to find that the mass distribution of a binary’s more massive component strongly decreases as a function of primary mass, we observe no evidence of a strongly suppressed merger rate above approximately 60M⊙, which would indicate the presence of a upper mass gap. Observed black hole spins are small, with half of spin magnitudes below χi≈0.25. While the majority of spins are preferentially aligned wi

关键词： Gravitational wave sources Gravitational waves Gravitational wave detection

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