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IEEE Instrumentation and measurement technology Conference

作者： Nour Ammar Cherif Ouni Ahmed Yahia Kallel Ahmed Fakhfakh Nabil Derbel Olfa Kanoun Measurement and Sensor Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany Control and Energy Management Laboratory National Engineering School of Sfax University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia Laboratory of Signals Systems Artificial Intelligence and Networks Digital Research Centre of Sfax National School of Electronics and Telecommunications of Sfax Sfax Tunisia

ISBN: (数字)9798350380903

ISBN: (纸本)9798350380910

Wearable bioimpedance devices are becoming increasingly popular due to their portability and non-invasiveness. However, these devices consume a lot of energy during measurement time, limiting the operating time. The number of frequencies must be reduced to reduce the measurement time and energy. In this paper, we propose using three frequencies and investigating their optimal values for accurate measurement. The remaining two frequencies at high frequencies are chosen by eliminating the high frequencies that have a high deviation. Lastly, a third frequency is optimally chosen based on a combination of the frequencies whose non-linear least-squares fitting parameters results lead to the smallest deviations. First, a simulation is used to validate the results, where a Cole-Cole model is used with different noise levels. Two high frequencies in combination with a frequency close to the characteristic frequency yielded the best results, regardless of the presence of noise. Second, the measurement was experimentally validated in STM32 with a physical Cole-Cole model, which confirmed the results, where 7.94 kHz, close to the characteristic frequency, had mean deviations of 2.43% in $R_{l}$ , 3.7% in $R_{E}$ , and 2.55% in C. Using three points reduces the measurement time from 9.7 ms to 0.41 ms.

关键词： Time-frequency analysis Accuracy Biological system modeling Fitting Energy measurement Time measurement Frequency estimation

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Development of a 2–4 Double Arbiter PUF Design on FPGA with Enhanced Performance

Development of a 2–4 Double Arbiter PUF Design on FPGA with...

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IEEE sensorS

作者： Sinan Yavuz Edwin Naroska Kai Daniel Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Siegen Siegen Germany Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences Krefeld Germany Institute of Measurement and Sensor Technology University of Applied Sciences Ruhr West Mülheim Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350363517

ISBN: (纸本)9798350363524

Implementation of delay-based Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) on FPGAs poses significant challenges due to high requirements, such as the generation of unique and reliable keys. These requirements must be fulfilled, especially when using PUFs in security applications, otherwise security cannot be guaranteed. In addition, it must be ensured that physical disturbances such as fluctuations in the ambient temperature do not have a major impact on the performance of the PUF and therefore on security. In this paper, the implementation and evaluation of a novel 56-bit 2–4 Double Arbiter PUF (DAPUF) is presented. For performance analysis, the proposed 2–4 DAPUF is investigated with 20 Digilent Nexys-3 (AMD-Xilinx Spartan-6 FPGA) boards and a large data set of 30 million challenges under varying ambient temperature in the range from 0°C to 50°C. Our experimental results show that the proposed 2–4 DAPUF is resistant to temperature fluctuations. Here, the maximum change in reliability amounts to 1.18 %. For randomness and uniqueness, the changes are less than 0.50 %. Furthermore, our results show that performance can be significantly improved by combining PUFs with XOR operations.

关键词： Resistance Temperature distribution Fluctuations Physical unclonable function sensors Performance analysis Security Field programmable gate arrays

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Inductive sensor for Magnetic Property Evaluation in Hot Rolling Mill Wire Production

Inductive Sensor for Magnetic Property Evaluation in Hot Rol...

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Impedance Spectroscopy (IWIS), International Workshop on

作者： Jonas Brodmann Marc Simoneit Stephan Schulze Andreas Hennig Jörg Himmel Institute for Measurement Engineering and Sensor Technology Ruhr West University of Applied Sciences Mülheim a. d. Ruhr Germany Senior Expert Research & Development SMS Group GmbH Düsseldorf Germany

This paper presents the results of a preliminary investigation for the development of an inductive sensor system for in-situ measurements in hot rolling mill steel wire production. The developed system should monitor the surface layer of the wire concerning changes in the microstructural composition using magnetic property evaluation. The sensor consists of two surrounding coils and evaluates a measure related to the slope of the commutation curve around the origin of the coordinate system This presented preliminary investigation discussed, whether the evaluation of the AC commutation curve under nonnegligible eddy currents is suitable to distinguish between two different microstructures. In addition, it was investigated, whether the measurement concept remains valid under plant conditions with high temperatures up to 600 °C. Within this work, two samples of 17 mm diameter and 175 mm length with different microstructural compositions could be distinguished under laboratory conditions at room temperature and in high-temperature experiments. The results could be plausibilized using the virgin magnetization curve in COMSOL Multiphysics, which was modified to model the magnetic behavior of the material for higher temperatures.

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An Empirical Model for State of Charge Estimation Based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

An Empirical Model for State of Charge Estimation Based on E...

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International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles & International Transportation Electrification Conference (ESARS-ITEC)

作者： Khaled Ibrahim Silvester Sabathiel Farhan Farooq Günter Hofer Alexander Bergmann Rudolf Heer Electronic Sensors Silicon Austria Labs Graz University of Technology Graz Austria Collaborative Perception and Learning Silicon Austria Labs Graz Austria Electronic Sensors Silicon Austria Labs Graz Austria Infineon Technologies Graz Austria Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Graz Austria

ISBN: (数字)9798350373905

ISBN: (纸本)9798350373912

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is an accurate method used to study the internal properties of lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cells. It is important to accurately estimate the State of Charge (SoC) of Li-ion battery cells for safety and longevity considerations. There are several methods to estimate the SoC; however, accurate methods require a lot of computational resources and increase the system complexity. This paper proposes an EIS-based experimental method for SoC estimation based on calculating the area under the EIS magnitude vs. frequency curve and correlating the result with SoC. The results demonstrate a relationship between the EIS magnitude and the SoCs within a certain range and under specific conditions. Furthermore, the suggested method reduces the errors and eliminates the need for fitting the EIS impedance spectrum for SoC estimation.

关键词： Temperature measurement Lithium-ion batteries Accuracy Impedance measurement Fitting Estimation Frequency measurement State of charge Impedance Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

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A Portable Dynamic Path-Length Optical sensor for Phenol Detection

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Zhang, Junru Chen, Ying Liu, Junfei Li, Wanwen Zhu, Dandan Niu, Liyong Zhu, Qiguang Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Test/Measurement Technology and Instrument School of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University Hebei Qinhuangdao066004 China Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Special Fiber and Fiber Sensor School of Information Science and Engineering Yanshan University Hebei Qinhuangdao066004 China

A current challenge faced by portable phenol sensors is their susceptibility to environmental factors, which affects their robustness under low-cost constraints. This study develops a low-cost optical sensor for phenol detection. The system utilizes a UV-sensitive photodetector paired with specific wavelength filters for wavelength selection. It further optimizes detection accuracy and robustness through a specially designed dynamic optical path quartz cuvette. Additionally, the use of a dual detection unit and standardized methodology minimizes the interference of external environmental factors on the sensor. Experimental results demonstrate that the detection system exhibits linearity within the range of 0.1 to 5 mg/L, with an average absolute error of 0.1604 in real-world environmental testing. This provides an efficient and economical solution for on-site rapid detection of phenolic wastewater. The sensor has a detection limit of 0.038 mg/L and a total cost of $251.01. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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Full-Waveform Modeling for Time-of-Flight measurements based on Arrival Time of Photons

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Fink, Maximilian Schardt, Michael Baier, Valentin Wang, Kun Jakobi, Martin Koch, Alexander W. Technical University of Munich Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute for Measurement Systems and Sensor Technology Munich80333 Germany Blickfeld GmbH Munich80339 Germany

Modern LiDAR sensors find increasing use in safety-critical applications. Therefore, highly accurate modeling of the system’s behavior under demanding environmental conditions is necessary. In this paper, we present a modular structure to accurately simulate the amplified raw detector signal of a direct time-of-flight LiDAR system for coaxial transmitter-receiver optics. Our model describes, a measurement system based on standard optical components and a detector able of converting single photons to an electrical signal. To verify the model’s predictions, single-point measurements for targets of different reflectivity at defined distances were performed. Statistical analysis shows an R-squared value greater than 0.990 for simulated and measured signal amplitude levels. Noise modeling shows good accordance with the performed measurements for different target irradiance levels. The presented results have a guiding significance in the modeling of the complex signal processing chain of LiDAR systems, as it enables the prediction of key parameters of the system early in the development process. Hence, unnecessary costs by design flaws can be mitigated. The modular structure allows easy adaption for arbitrary LiDAR systems. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optical radar

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A wrapper framework for feature selection and ELM weights optimization for FMG-based sign recognition

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Computers in Biology and Medicine 2024年 179卷 108817-108817页

作者： Al-Hammouri, S. Barioul, R. Lweesy, K. Ibbini, M. Kanoun, O. Biomedical Engineering Department College of Engineering Jordan University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 3030 Irbid22110 Jordan Professorship of Measurement and Sensor Technology Technische Universitaet Chemnitz Chemnitz09126 Germany Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Department College of Engineering Abu Dhabi University P.O. Box 59911 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

Force myography (FMG) is increasingly gaining importance in gesture recognition because of it's ability to achieve high classification accuracy without having a direct contact with the skin. In this study, we investigate the performance of a bracelet with only six commercial force sensitive resistors (FSR) sensors for classifying many hand gestures representing all letters and numbers from 0 to 10 in the American sign language. For this, we introduce an optimized feature selection in combination with the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) as a classifier by investigating three swarm intelligence algorithms, which are the binary grey wolf optimizer (BGWO), binary grasshopper optimizer (BGOA), and binary hybrid grey wolf particle swarm optimizer (BGWOPSO), which is used as an optimization method for ELM for the first time in this study. The findings reveal that the BGWOPSO, in which PSO supports the GWO optimizer by controlling its exploration and exploitation using inertia constant to improve the convergence speed to reach the best global optima, outperformed the other investigated algorithms. In addition, the results show that optimizing ELM with BGWOPSO for feature selection can efficiently improve the performance of ELM to enhance the classification accuracy from 32% to 69.84% for classifying 37 gestures collected from multiple volunteers and using only a band with 6 FSR sensors. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Swarm intelligence

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Characterization and Operation of Graphene-Oxide-Semiconductor Emitters at Atmospheric Pressure Levels

Characterization and Operation of Graphene-Oxide-Semiconduct...

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International Conference on Vacuum Nanoelectronics (IVNC)

作者： Florian Herdl Maximillian J. Kueddelsmann Andreas Schels Michael Bachmann Simon Edler Dominik Wohlfartsstätter Felix Düsberg Alexander Prugger Michael Dillig Florian Dams Rupert Schreiner Cormac Ó Coileáin Stefan Zimmermann Andreas Pahlke Georg S. Duesberg Center for Integrated Sensor Systems University of the Bundeswehr Munich Institute of Physics Germany Leibniz University Hannover Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology Germany KETEK GmbH Munich Germany Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg Germany

In recent years Graphene-Oxide-Semiconductor (GOS) electron emitters have attracted a lot of interest due to their outstanding durability in modest vacuum conditions. However, the performance at ambient pressure remains largely unexplored. In this study GOS-emitters are characterized in nitrogen and air at atmospheric pressure, and compared with their vacuum characteristics. For this purpose, lifetime and IV-characteristics measurements are shown. Furthermore, the GOS-emitter was operated as an ionization source for ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) at ambient conditions.

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A Methodology for Verifying and Validating the Functional Performance Evaluation of High-Fidelity RADAR sensor Models at Raw Data and Detection Levels

A Methodology for Verifying and Validating the Functional Pe...

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International Conference on Vision, Image and Signal Processing (ICVISP)

作者： Arsalan Haider Lukas Haas Abduelkadir Eryildirim Thomas Zeh Shotaro Koyama Nils Henning Müllner Martin Jakobi Alexander W. Koch IFM-Institute for Driving Assistance and Connected Mobility Kempten University of Applied Sciences Germany Institute for Measurement Systems and Sensor Technology Technical University of Munich Germany Infineon Technologies Austria AG Advanced Vehicle Research Institute Kanagawa Institute of Technology Japan Institute of Transportation Systems German Aerospace Center DLR Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798331541460

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541477

This paper outlines a comprehensive methodology for verifying and validating the functional performance evaluation of high-fidelity radio detection and ranging (RADAR) sensor models at both the raw data level, specifically the range map (RM) and range-Doppler map (RDM), and the detection level. Three key performance parameters (KPPs) are defined at the raw data level: the target's received power, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and twoway beam pattern. Four KPPs are identified at the detection level: distance, relative radial velocity, azimuth angle, and elevation angle. This study also introduces three dynamic test scenarios directly applicable to the functional evaluation assessment of RADAR sensor models. Furthermore, a toolchain is presented to integrate real-world test scenarios into the virtual environment, allowing for frame-by-frame validation of the RADAR sensor models' functional evaluation. Quantitative analysis successfully assesses differences between simulations and real measurements, employing the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) metric. This methodology has been successfully applied to a high-fidelity RADAR sensor model featuring a multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) 2D linear spacing virtual antenna and a complete signal processing toolchain that mimics real RADAR sensors. Results show a strong correlation between the simulation and real measurements, with MAPE values below 7 % for all defined KPPs at raw data and detection levels. Using this methodology, developers can assess whether virtual RADAR sensors are ready for environmental perception during scenario-based automated driving system (ADS) testing.

关键词： Performance evaluation Correlation Radar detection Radar Radar antennas Data models Radar signal processing Distance measurement Signal to noise ratio Testing

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Precise Resonance Frequency Tracking Based on a DSP-Implemented Virtual Vector Voltmeter

Precise Resonance Frequency Tracking Based on a DSP-Implemen...

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IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (ISAF)

作者： Jan Helge Dörsam Sven Suppelt Tobias Bossert Alexander A. Altmann Claas Hartmann Christoph Haugwitz Yannick Schroedel Tino Lang Anne Harth Christoph Heyl Mario Kupnik Measurement and Sensor Technology Group Technical University of Darmstadt Germany Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg Germany Helmholtz Institute Jena Jena Germany GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Darmstadt Germany Center of Optical Technologies Aalen University Aalen Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350371901

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371918

Maintaining the resonance frequency of high-power ultrasound transducers is essential for applications such as sonochemistry, acoustic levitation and acousto-optic manipulation. This work presents a method to achieve resonance frequency tracking using a digital signal processor (DSP) implemented virtual vector voltmeter (VVV) for accurate phase detection. The system integrates three subsystems: a DSP for signal generation and phase detection, a microcontroller for control algorithms, and a custom PCB for signal amplification and measurement. Phase detection accuracy was evaluated over target phases from -5° to +5° using two bolt-clamped Langevin transducers with resonant frequencies of 28 kHz and 40 kHz, respectively. A 50-minute long-term performance test with the 40 kHz transducer showed phase tracking errors within ±0.35°, with maximum phase measurement uncertainties of ±0.0229° at 28 kHz and ±0.0213° at 40 kHz. These results demonstrate the DSP-implemented VVV’s ability to maintain precise phase tracking and resonance frequency adjustment, ensuring optimal performance in various ultrasound applications.

关键词： Transducers Ultrasonic imaging Accuracy Target tracking Voltmeters Resonant frequency Resonance Vectors Acoustics Frequency control

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