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IEEE sensorS

作者： Maximilian L. Amberg Sven Suppelt Alexander A. Altmann Florian G. Freidinger Felix Herbst Bastian Latsch Mario Kupnik Measurement and Sensor Technology Group Technical University of Darmstadt Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350363517

ISBN: (纸本)9798350363524

Electromyography (EMG) is a crucial technique for measuring muscle activity and is regularly used in motion detection and diagnostics. When applied to small muscles and integrated into devices such as prostheses or force measurement systems, conventional electrodes often fail to meet space and usability requirements. While conductive filaments have been successfully used to additively manufacture electrodes in previous work, these are typically large and not integrated into complex geometries. This work introduces a process employing additive manufacturing with both conductive and non-conductive materials to create integrated, customizable medical sensors with embedded EMG electrodes placed on flexible beams to assess otherwise inaccessible muscles. The process involves a disruption during 3D printing to insert a PCB with a preamplifier, which is then connected by the conductive filament, forming a functional EMG electrode. These EMG electrodes are exemplarily integrated into a mandibular brace for simultaneous measurement of human jaw opening forces and the respective suprahyoid muscle activity. After filtering, an EMG activity with an SNR of 11.6 dB and a correlation coefficient with the jaw opening force of 0.93 was found, validating the working principle of the sensors. This technology holds the potential for application in more complex devices, streamlining their production and eliminating the requirement for manual electrode placement on the patient for each use.

关键词： Electrodes Force measurement Production Muscles Three-dimensional printing Electromyography Preamplifiers sensors Usability Signal to noise ratio

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DECOUPLING AND PREPARATION OF FLEXIBLE HAPTIC THREE-DIMENSIONAL FORCE sensor 10

DECOUPLING AND PREPARATION OF FLEXIBLE HAPTIC THREE-DIMENSIO...

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10th International Symposium on Test Automation and Instrumentation, ISTAI 2024

作者： Fu, Minghui Gao, Guowei Wang, Chao Li, Yansheng Hu, Jingfang Beijing Key Laboratory of Sensor Beijing Information Science and Technology University Beijing100101 China Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement and Control Technology Ministry of Education Beijing Information Science and Technology University Beijing100192 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781837242672

An asymmetric capacitive haptic sensor structure with three-dimensional force detection capability has been designed. The sensor unit comprises a upper public electrode, three under electrode plates and fork finger electrodes. Developed a visualization interface for this system by PyQt5. A series of tests were conducted on the sensor, including tensile and flex fatigue tests, single and dynamic pressure performance tests, tangential force performance tests and three-dimensional force tests. The response time of the sensor was found to be 3.5 seconds, while the recovery time was 5.5 seconds. The sensitivity of the Z-axis was 0.081 Kpa-1 in the range of 0 to 4.22 Kpa and 0.014 Kpa-1 in the range of 4.22 to 29.31 Kpa, the sensitivities in the positive and negative directions of the X-axis was 0.223 pF/N and -0.248 pF/N, while the sensitivities in the positive and negative directions of the Y-axis was 0.242 pF/N and -0.243 pF/N. The tests demonstrates that the sensor exhibited satisfactory flexibility, repeatability, and a linearity of 0.16%, thereby ensuring reliable measurement outcomes. © The Institution of Engineering & technology 2024.

关键词： Tensile testing

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Exploring Clamping Mechanisms for Air-Coupled High-Power Ultrasound Transducers

Exploring Clamping Mechanisms for Air-Coupled High-Power Ult...

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IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (ISAF)

作者： Jan Helge Dörsam Christian Kayser Alexander A. Altmann Sven Suppelt Claas Hartmann Christoph Haugwitz Sonja Wismath Sören Soennecken Mario Kupnik Measurement and Sensor Technology Group Technical University of Darmstadt Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350371901

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371918

Bolt-clamped Langevin ultrasound transducers are typically paired with horns, which require precise and costly manufacturing. We explore alternative clamping mechanisms aimed at optimizing transducer performance without the need for a horn. We develop low-cost, 3d-printed holders that are adaptable to various transducers, providing versatile and accessible solutions. Preliminary measurements reveal no significant differences between 28 kHz and 40 kHz transducers, leading us to focus on the 40 kHz variant. Detailed surface velocity analyses are performed using a laser Doppler vibrometer. Our results demonstrate that selecting an inappropriate clamping strategy can significantly distort the surface velocity profile, while clamping directly on the piezoelectric discs results in the most balanced surface velocity distribution, achieving a maximum velocity of 972 mm/s. These findings suggest that our clamping strategies are universally applicable across this frequency range of bolt-clamped Langevin transducers, enhancing reproducibility and reliability.

关键词： Transducers Ultrasonic imaging Ultrasonic variables measurement Vibrometers Surface emitting lasers Resonant frequency Resonance Clamps Rubber Frequency control

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PREPARATION OF TRIBOELECTRIC FLEXIBLE sensor AND ITS APPLICATION IN PULSE DETECTION 10

PREPARATION OF TRIBOELECTRIC FLEXIBLE SENSOR AND ITS APPLICA...

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10th International Symposium on Test Automation and Instrumentation, ISTAI 2024

作者： Zhang, Longfei Gao, Guowei Zhang, Mingrui Li, Yangsheng Hu, Jingfang Beijing Key Laboratory of Sensor Beijing Information Science and Technology University Beijing100101 China Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement and Control Technology Ministry of Education Beijing Information Science and Technology University Beijing100192 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781837242672

The PDMS/GO composite film with porous structure was successfully prepared by sacrificial template method. The output performance test and morphology characterization analysis of composite films with different sacrificial particle sizes, different thicknesses and different mass fractions of graphene oxide (GO) were carried out. The optimal particle size and thickness were 63 ~ 75 μm and 3 mm, respectively, and the optimal doping ratio was 10wt %, and the triboelectric flexible sensor array was prepared. Design signal conversion circuit, power module, reset circuit, gating circuit, and upload to the host computer to process data and display. In the process of pulse signal acquisition, five groups of pulse data were collected from four students, and the collected data were analyzed and compared. The experimental results show that the five groups of pulse data of each student are almost consistent, and the influence of the subjects ' breathing and other subtle factors during the test will lead to different test results. Through the overall analysis, the overall difference value of the data is small, and the maximum difference is within0.15V. It shows that the sensor performs well in terms of sensitivity and repeatability. © The Institution of Engineering & technology 2024.

关键词： Surface discharges

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Robust Jamming Attacks Detection Algorithm for Healthcare Applications 19

Robust Jamming Attacks Detection Algorithm for Healthcare Ap...

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19th IEEE International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices, SSD 2022

作者： Belhaj Mohamed, Mbarka Meddeb-Makhlouf, Amel Fakhfakh, Ahmed Kanoun, Olfa Gabes Tunisia Sfax Tunisia Sfax Tunisia Chemnitz University of Technology Measurement and Sensor Technology Chemnitz Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781665471084

ISBN: (纸本)9781665471084

Due to the growth of Wireless Body sensor Networks (WBSN), smart wearable sensors have emerged that support efficient healthcare solutions. WBSNs are commonly used in unattended hostile environments. Indeed, they are vulnerable to various security threats. The jamming attack, in which the attacker uses the same frequency signals to jam the network transmission, is one of the most popular types of vulnerability threat. In this paper, a jamming attack detection algorithm is proposed, where four types are distinguished, which are constant jamming, deceptive jamming, random jamming, and reactive jamming experienced in WBSNs. The advisor aims to disturb the normal operation of nodes by sending random signals through the network, which severely affect network throughput, latency, and energy consumption. Our research provides insight into ElectroCardioGram (ECG) physiological signals. For the indication of a jamming attack in the network, the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Packet Delivered Ratio (PDR) and Packet Sent Ratio (PSR) are used to check the high frequency interference in the studied signal. Simulations on real physiological datasets prove that the suggested solution achieves high detection accuracy (96.41%) while having a low false alarm rate (3.6%). © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Energy utilization

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A 4 Bit Segmented Current-Steering Harmonic-Cancelling Digital-to-Analog Converter for High Frequency Sine-Wave Synthesis

A 4 Bit Segmented Current-Steering Harmonic-Cancelling Digit...

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IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems

作者： Maximilian Scherzer Mario Auer Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology

ISBN: (数字)9798350378771

ISBN: (纸本)9798350378788

Sinusoidal signal generators are critical in various integrated circuit systems, such as mixed-signal BIST applications, RF communication systems, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Digital-to-analog converters, which only need to generate a sinusoidal signal, can be realized using digital harmonic-cancelling sine wave synthesizers (DHSS). The sine wave is obtained by adding weighted and shifted square waves, resulting in a staircase approximation of the sinusoid. However, due to mismatch, the weights have some variation, resulting in decreased performance. Dynamic element matching (DEM) techniques are possible, but existing implementations require a large number of unit elements. This paper presents a segmented harmonic-cancelling digital-to-analog converter (HC-DAC) that achieves comparable performance in terms of signal quality, but with a greatly decreased number of unit elements, thereby lowering the circuit complexity. Implemented in a 180 nm CMOS technology, the 4-bit segmented HC-DAC achieves an SDR of 77 dB at 2 MHz with a power consumption of $254 \mu \mathrm{~W}$ and minimal area usage. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed design, demonstrating significant performance improvements over existing sine wave synthesizers.

关键词： Integrated circuits Power demand Synthesizers Digital-analog conversion Simulation Layout DH-HEMTs Signal generators Complexity theory High frequency

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Surface data imputation with stochastic processes

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Jawaid, Arsalan Schmidt, Samuel Seewig, Jorg Institute for Measurement and Sensor Technology University of Kaiserslautern-Landau Germany

Spurious measurements in surface data are common in technical surfaces. Excluding or ignoring these spurious points may lead to incorrect surface characterization if these points inherit features of the surface. Therefore, data imputation must be applied to ensure that the estimated data points at spurious measurements do not strongly deviate from the true surface and its characteristics. Traditional surface data imputation methods rely on simple assumptions and ignore existing knowledge of the surface, yielding in suboptimal estimates. In this paper, we propose using stochastic processes for data imputation. This approach, which originates from surface simulation, allows for the straightforward integration of a priori knowledge. We employ Gaussian processes for surface data imputation with artificially generated missing features. Both the surfaces and the missing features are generated artificially. Our results demonstrate that the proposed method fills the missing values and interpolates data points with better alignment to the measured surface compared to traditional approaches, particularly when surface features are missing. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Data assimilation

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Research on the reflectivity of the end face of film-coated optic fiber for application in fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity hydrophone 2

Research on the reflectivity of the end face of film-coated ...

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2nd International Conference on Electronic Information Engineering and Computer Communication, EIECC 2022

作者： Gu, Mingkai Cheng, Jin Qin, Lei Zhang, Chunqian Li, Junming Research Center for Sensor Technology Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor School of Applied Sciences Beijing Information Science and Technology University Jianxiangqiao Campus Beijing100101 China Beijing Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology Beijing Information Science & Technology University Beijing100192 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510663121

Fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity hydrophone have the advantages of high sensitivity, simple structure and the resistance to electromagnetic interference, making them as a research hotspot. Filling the Fabry-Perot cavity with water media would lead to a decrease in the reflectivity of the fiber end face, thus causing a decrease in the sensitivity of the fiber FP cavity hydrophone. In this work, the magnetron sputtering technology was utilized with alumina as the sputtering target. A thin film was deposited to the end face of the optical fiber to improve the reflectivity of the end face of the fiber. Coated fibers with varied film thicknesses were prepared and their reflectivity was characterized. The experimental results showed that the reflectivity of the end face of the optical fiber in water media can be increased by an order of magnitude to 2.61%, which is an excellent basis for the development of a highly sensitive optical fiber Fabry-Perot cavity hydrophone. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： Reflection

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Towards an Enhanced Metrology Analysis Procedure for Assessing Position Accuracy of Edge-Emitting Lasers to Photonic Integrated Circuits

Towards an Enhanced Metrology Analysis Procedure for Assessi...

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2024 IEEE Photonics Conference, IPC 2024

作者： Hinum-Wagner, Jakob Wilhelm Kraft, Jochen Sidorov, Victor Hoermann, Samuel Feigl, Gandolf Bergmann, Alexander Ams Osram Group Tobelbaderstraße 30 Premstaetten8054 Austria Graz University of Technology Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Inffeldgasse 33 Graz8010 Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361957

Advanced photonic integrated systems require precise light source coupling, especially with edge-emitting lasers. This paper discusses how passive 2D alignment achieves below-micron accuracy. It introduces a metrology procedure for consistent analysis of the positioning process in manufacturing, ensuring optimal performance and reliable failure analysis. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Photonic integrated circuits

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Research on the processing algorithm for solar cell characterization data 2

Research on the processing algorithm for solar cell characte...

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2nd International Conference on Electronic Information Engineering and Computer Communication, EIECC 2022

作者： Gui, Ruoxia Cheng, Jin Li, Junming Zhang, Chunqian Qin, Lei Research Center for Sensor Technology Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor School of Applied Sciences Beijing Information Science and Technology University Jianxiangqiao Campus Beijing100101 China Beijing Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology Beijing Information Science & Technology University Beijing100192 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510663121

The research of solar cells has gone through three generations, silicon solar cells, thin film solar cells and perovskite solar cells. There are a variety of characterization methods used to analyze the factors that affect the performance of solar cells. Thus far, there are some deficiencies in the research of algorithms of the characterization methods themselves. Three types of data: current density-voltage (J-V) curves, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum and absorption spectrum are the most essential characterization methods. Here, the processing algorithms of these three kinds of characterization data are studied, intend to help researchers to solve the practical problems more efficiently, and improve the accuracy of experimental results. In this paper, the process of processing algorithm are summarized in the way of flow chart, and combined with the example to show in turn. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： Silicon solar cells

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