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CART-based optimization of core and cladding layers in silicon nitride photonic integrated circuits towards propagation and bend loss minimization 4

CART-based optimization of core and cladding layers in silic...

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Emerging Applications in Silicon Photonics IV 2023

作者： Hinum-Wagner, Jakob Wilhelm Scheibelhofer, Peter Hörmann, Samuel Marko Schmidt, Christoph Feigl, Gandolf Kraft, Jochen Bergmann, Alexander Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Inffeldgasse 33 Graz8010 Austria Ams-OSRAM Ag Tobelbaderstra e 30 Premstaetten8141 Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781510668416

In the burgeoning field of sensing, Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) are essential tools for precise, high-speed detection of biological markers and particles. The performance of these biosensors is intricately linked to the losses of PICs, which is largely determined by the configuration of their core and cladding layers. Recognizing this, the present study ventures into the optimization of these layers in Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) PICs, employing an innovative approach using Classification and Regression Trees (CART). The study identifies propagation and bend losses, two critical factors affecting PIC performance, as response variables. In contrast, the physical characteristics of the core and cladding layers are considered as input variables. To ensure the robustness and completeness of the study, an appropriate Design of Experiments (DOE) is implemented, meticulously exploring possible combinations of layer configurations. Following the DOE, the CART algorithm is then applied to this design space, whereas the losses act as response variables. The algorithm functions by partitioning the design space into regions associated with specific layer configurations and iteratively refines these partitions based on their corresponding impact on propagation and bend losses. The end results of this process is the statistical information about the layer stacks which come with significantly low propagation and bend losses, thereby enhancing PIC performance. This improvement in performance directly translates to heightened sensitivity and specificity in biosensors. Further, the application of the CART methodology has demonstrated its potential to streamline the PIC design process, enhancing its robustness, an aspect critical for practical implementation in fabrication environments. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： Design of experiments

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Integrated interferometer design for zero cross-sensitivity to matrix perturbations 26

Integrated interferometer design for zero cross-sensitivity ...

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Novel Optical Systems, Methods, and Applications XXVI 2023

作者： Hörmann, Samuel M. Hinum-Wagner, Jakob W. Bergmann, Alexander ams OSRAM Group Tobelbader Strasse 30 Premstaetten8141 Austria Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Inffeldgasse 33 Graz8010 Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781510665446

Integrated photonic biosensors constitute an important technology for the growing point-of-care paradigm. Due to their high sensitivity and ample design freedom, interferometric sensors are an attractive embodiment for this application. In an effort to continuously lower the limit of detection and build ultra-precise devices, the sensitivity is steadily increased. Thereby, the limiting factors are optical loss, noise, and cross-sensitivities to external perturbations. We present a novel design method for integrated interferometers to inherently compensate for the cross-sensitivity to bulk perturbations in the matrix’s refractive index. We exploit that the analyte induces a localized effect when binding to the bioreceptors. By using different guided modes with engineered phase signals in the interferometer, we distinguish between analyte binding and bulk perturbations. To first order, their optical path may be designed such that the relative change due to bulk perturbations vanishes while sensitivity to the analyte is retained. We demonstrate this methodology via simulations of a Mach-Zehnder-interferometer for an immunosensor based on a silicon nitride platform. We show that this design may be easily incorporated in most conventional layouts, due to an excess of degrees of freedom, and could further be applied in fiber-based devices. In this manner, interferometers utilizing guided modes could compensate cross-talk for perturbations in the matrix’s temperature, pH, or general chemical composition. We believe that eliminating these limiting external impacts could help integrated photonic biosensors to overcome current issues with reliability and robustness. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： Refractive index

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State of Charge-Dependent Changes in Spectral Composition of Guided Lamb Waves in Lithium-Ion Batteries

State of Charge-Dependent Changes in Spectral Composition of...

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2023 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium, IUS 2023

作者： Swaschnig, Patrick Klambauer, Reinhard Kofler, Johannes Bergmann, Alexander Graz University of Technology Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz Austria Tdk Electronics GmbH & Co Og European R&d Center Deutschlandsberg Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9798350346459

This study investigates symmetrical Lamb wave behavior across varying state-of-charge levels in lithium-ion batteries. Utilizing piezoelectric transducers, the research focuses on inducing and detecting Lamb waves in lithium-ion batteries. The outcomes uncover correlations between Lamb wave characteristics and state-of-charge variations, revealing insights into the potential of Lamb waves as indicators of internal changes in battery structures. Furthermore, the influence of chemomechanical alterations within battery structures on Lamb wave properties is explored. The insights gained offer valuable implications for understanding battery performance dynamics and internal transformations. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Surface waves

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Combination of pipette aspiration and OCT: A novel method for frequency-dependent elasticity assessment of silicone tissue phantoms

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measurement: sensors 2025年

作者： Lamprecht, Raphael Scheible, Florian Sutor, Alexander Institute of Measurement and Sensor Technology UMIT TIROL – Private University for Health Sciences and Health Technology Hall in Tirol Austria

Measuring the frequency-dependent material properties of soft tissues is a challenging task, but it is crucial to understanding their function. This work presents a novel setup that combines optical coherence tomography and dynamic pipette aspiration to simultaneously measure the dynamic Young's modulus and high-resolution optical coherence tomography images. The procedure applies a sinusoidal pressure fluctuation to silicone tissue phantoms of varying stiffness and analyses the optical coherence tomography images to determine the resulting displacement. The Young's modulus is calculated by normalizing the pressure and displacement data to the pipette radius. This approach accurately measures Young's modulus and reveals its frequency dependence. This novel technique paves the way for future investigations into microscale tissue mechanics and a deep analysis of the tissue properties. © 2024

关键词： Phantoms

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Investigations on the tracking control and performance of a long stroke vertical nanopositioning drive 22

Investigations on the tracking control and performance of a ...

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22nd International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2022

作者： Huaman, Alex S. Gorges, Stephan Katzschmann, Michael Hesse, Steffen Fröhlich, Thomas Manske, Eberhard Ilmenau98693 Germany Institute of Process Measurement and Sensor Technology Technische Universität Ilmenau Ilmenau98693 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781998999118

This paper presents an approach to equip an existing planar nanoprecision drive system with specially designed lifting and actuating units (LAUs), which can lift several kilograms along a vertical stroke of 10 mm with nanometer precision. These modules contain a pneumatic actuator to counteract the weight force along the entire travel range without introducing significant heat into the measurement space. An additional parallel acting electromagnetic actuator provides the precision positioning forces. As an initial step toward a full 6D system, each LAU is set up individually on a test bench. Using an included laser interferometric measurement system and emulated loads, allows for the development and evaluation of different control strategies within the simulation framework and via real-time experiments. Designing a controller for a single LAU involves an in-depth research into its overactuated nature and the derivation of a detailed model of the drive as well as the motion system. The proposed control strategy achieves subnanometer precision by integrating a feedforward stage for trajectory tracking and an output-feedback stage for stabilization and disturbance rejection. In this context, the output-feedback controller highlights a composite state and disturbance observer. In order to accomplish an adequate tradeoff between performance and robustness, the controller tuning is performed in the time and frequency domain based on systematic LQR/LQG design methods. The effectiveness of the presented control strategy is verified via real-time experimentation, where the overall control scheme allows RMS positioning errors below 0.3 nm which seem to be dominated by the measurement noise. Moreover, it renders very low heat dissipation of about 54 nW to carry a 4 kg payload. © European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, Conference Proceedings - 22nd International Conference and Exhibition, EUSPEN 2022. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanotechnology

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Range Revolved Interferometry for use in high precision positioning systems 39

Range Revolved Interferometry for use in high precision posi...

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39th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Precision Engineering, ASPE 2024

作者： Grabowski, Axel Mittag, Sven Walenda, Carolin Kissinger, Thomas SE & Co. KG Auf der Roemerstrasse 1 Karlsruhe76228 Germany Institute for Process Measurement and Sensor Technology Technical University of Ilmenau Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 1 Ilmenau98693 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781887706612

We presented here a new fiber-based interferometer technology in a functional sample usable for industrial applications. We have shown an evaluation of the basic properties like positional noise, linearity and stability over 64 hours of measuring time. The unique features of the data processing scheme enable the system to measure with very low periodic errors. Additionally, it has been proven that the detection of more than one surface is doable and even further, that it is capable of measuring and tracking the thickness of optical transparent systems. Furthermore, it is possible to use the system in cryogenic environments. This has been demonstrated by characterizing different piezoelectric materials in a temperature range between room temperature and 4K. The form factor of the sensor heads is very small, enabling the construction of very compact piezo stages. © 2024 Proceedings - ASPE 2024 Annual Meeting. All rights reserved.

关键词： Piezoelectric materials

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Features Selection for Force Myography Based Hand Gesture Recognition

Features Selection for Force Myography Based Hand Gesture Re...

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2023 IEEE Jordan International Joint Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information technology, JEEIT 2023

作者： Fora, Malak Jaradat, Manar Atitallah, Bilel Ben Wu, Congyu Kanoun, Olfa State University of New York Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering Binghamton United States Technische Universität Chemnitz Professorship of Measurement and Sensor Technology Chemnitz Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350324051

Hand gesture recognition has a wide range of applications in robotics, game control, and in communication with the deaf and people with trouble hearing. Recognition of American sign language (ASL) hand gestures has been extensively studied in the literature. Multiple data sources and different features extracted from these data were used to classify ASL gestures. In this study, we examined the features used in previous research to determine the minimum number of features that can give an accurate classification of ASL hand gestures. Force myography (FMG) signals captured for ASL gestures of digits 0-9 were used in this analysis of the selected features. Extracted features from the raw FMG signals were applied to K-nearest neighbors (KNN) and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) to evaluate their efficiency in identifying the corresponding hand gesture. Results show that using only the mean value as input to classification algorithms yields the highest classification accuracy. The classification accuracy was 90% and 96.9% for KNN and ELM, respectively. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Audition

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Automated Charging of Battery Electric Vehicles on Trains to Accelerate the Mobility Revolution

Automated Charging of Battery Electric Vehicles on Trains to...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Green Energy and Smart Systems, GESS 2024

作者： Buchroithner, Armin Birgel, Christof Bertignoll, Timon Mitter, Tobias Wellenzohn, Simon Schimanofsky, Alexander Brunnhofer, Peter Demuth, Sebastian Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Graz Austria SSC Railtec GmbH Graz Austria Easelink GmbH Graz Austria RCC Railway Competence and Certification GmbH Graz Austria Institute of Structural Durability and Railway Technology Graz University of Technology Graz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9798350379617

The decarbonization of the transport sector, covering cargo as well as passenger mobility, plays a key role in the context of the energy revolution as it contributes to 24% of the global CO2 emissions. Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are part of the solution, especially if their specific drawbacks, such as limited range and availability of charging infrastructure, are mitigated by combining them with electrified rail transport. This paper describes the implementation of partially automated BEV charging capabilities into rail wagons (motorail), with an emphasis on electric power flow from the overhead catenary system to the BEVs. First, a requirement profile is determined based on different use cases, leading to several design variants relying on different power electronics modules. Subsequently, an automated underbody charging interface for the BEV is discussed in depth supported by actual test rig data. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Charging stations

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Towards a System for Remote Emission Sensing Utilizing TDLAS for Concentration measurement: A Promising Approach for Accurate and Direct Emission measurements

Towards a System for Remote Emission Sensing Utilizing TDLAS...

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IEEE sensorS

作者： Paul Schaffer Hafiz Hashim Imtiaz Benjamin Lang Martin Kupper Alexander Bergmann Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems University of Technology Graz Austria

This work presents a system for remote emission sensing (RES), focusing on the design and simulation-based evaluation of a Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS). The system aims to measure CO 2 emissions over a 10 m pathlength using targeted absorption lines in the 1601.0 nm to 1601.6 nm wavelength range. Simulations demonstrate the feasibility of accurately determining gas concentration and temperature with minimal errors. We also explore the application of wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) for enhanced sensitivity, favoring the balanced detection scheme over the single photodetector setup. These findings lay the groundwork for a laboratory setup and future research on expanding the system to measure additional analytes relevant to RES.

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Integration of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) in Oxide Ceramic Composites for Temperature Sensing Applications

Integration of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) in Oxide Ceramic Compo...

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Impedance Spectroscopy (IWIS), International Workshop on

作者： Sarra Missaoui Dhivakar Rajendran Jonas Stiller Daisy Nestler Olfa Kanoun Chair for Measurement and Sensor Technology Chemnitz University of Technology Germany Endowed Chair Textile Plastic Composites and Hybrid Compounds Chemnitz University of Technology Germany Chair for Measurement and Sensor Technology University of Technology Chemnitz Germany

Temperature sensing plays a crucial role in structural health monitoring (SHM) of ceramic composites. Monitoring the temperature of ceramic composite structures can provide valuable information about their thermal behavior, potential thermal stresses, and the occurrence of any abnormal temperature variations that may indicate structural damage or degradation. The integration of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into oxide ceramic composites has emerged as a promising avenue for temperature sensing applications. This innovative approach combines the exceptional electrical and thermal properties of MWCNTs with the inherent advantages of oxide ceramics, resulting in a versatile and high-performance sensor platform. In this work, the feasibility of employing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in high-temperature sensing applications was explored through their incorporation into a reinforced ceramic composite made of aluminum oxide. MWCNTs were blended with the reinforced aluminum oxide ceramic composite at concentrations of up to 0.5 wt. % using a solution mixing technique to ensure the uniform distribution of the oxide ceramic composite powders. Electrical measurements were also carried out to investigate the homogeneous distribution of the MWCNTs within the oxide ceramic matrix. Where, the developed composite shows good dependency to the temperature ranges from 25 °C to 130 °C in the frequency range 40 Hz -1MHz.

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