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arXiv 2023年

作者： Stebner, Sophie Charlotte Martschin, Juri Arian, Bahman Dietrich, Stefan Feistle, Martin Hütter, Sebastian Lafarge, Rémi Laue, Robert Li, Xinyang Schulte, Christopher Spies, Daniel Thein, Ferdinand Wendler, Frank Wrobel, Malte Vasquez, Julian Rozo Dölz, Michael Münstermann, Sebastian Integrity of Materials and Structures RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Institute of Forming Technology and Lightweight Components Technische Universität Dortmund Dortmund Germany Paderborn University Paderborn Germany Institute for Applied Materials - Material Science KIT Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Germany Garching Germany Institute of Materials and Joining Technology Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg Germany Forming and Machining Processes Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany Institute for Machine Tools and Productions Processes Professorship Virtual Production Engineering Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Institute of Automatic Control RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Institute for Production Engineering and Forming Machines Technische Universität Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany Institut für Geometrie und Praktische Mathematik RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Professorship Measurement and Sensor Technology Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany Karlsruhe Germany Dortmund Germany

As recent trends in manufacturing engineering disciplines show a clear development in the sustainable as well as economically efficient design of forming processes, monitoring techniques have been gaining in relevance. In terms of monitoring of product properties, most processes are currently open-loop controlled, entailing that the microstructure evolution, which determines the final product properties, is not considered. However, a closed-loop control that can adjust and manipulate the process actuators according to the required product properties of the component will lead to a considerable increase in efficiency of the processes regarding resources and will decrease postproduction of the component. For most forming processes, one set of component dimensions will result in a certain set of product properties. However, to successfully establish closed-loop property controls for the processes, a systematic understanding of the reciprocity of the dimensions after forming and final product properties must be established. This work investigates the evolution of dimensional accuracy as well as product properties for a series of forming processes that utilize different degrees of freedom for process control. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microstructure

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Influence of different cooling strategies during hard turning of AISI 52100 – part II: characterization of the surface and near surface microstructure morphology

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Procedia CIRP 2020年 87卷 119-124页

作者： Werner Ankener Julian Uebel Stephan Basten Marek Smaga Benjamin Kirsch Jörg Seewig Jan C. Aurich Tilmann Beck Institute of Materials Science and Engineering TU Kaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany Institute for Measurement and Sensor Technology TU Kaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Production Systems TU Kaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany

This two-part paper addresses the impact of seven different cooling conditions on the finishing process as well as the resulting surface and near-surface microstructure morphology of the rolling bearing steel AISI 52100 in martensitic heat treatment state. The applied cooling strategies are liquid nitrogen (LN 2 -) cooling, CO 2 -snow cooling at varied mass flows, sub-zero metalworking fluids (MWF) at varied supply temperatures, and dry machining. Part II of the paper concerns the changes in surface roughness, examined by an angle resolved scatter light sensor, micro hardness measurement, microstructure observations, residual stress and phase composition analyses in the near-surface area, caused by the turning process, that is characterized in Part I. The lowest cooling performance, i.e. dry machining, results in low compressive axial residual stresses and a high proportion of retained austenite at the near-surface area. High cooling performance strategies like CO 2 cooling or sub-zero MWF show an opposite distribution of the mentioned parameters, wherein the coolants’ lubrication effect is an important aspect. Microstructural differences resulting from the process parameters used in these investigations tend to be less significant. Thus, they do not allow reliable assignment of the microstructure to the cooling strategies used. However, different cooling conditions show an impact on residual stresses, phase distribution and surface topography of the workpieces to varying extents.

关键词： cryogenic turning surface integrity micro structure

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Influence of different cooling strategies during hard turning of AISI 52100 - part I: thermo-mechanical load, tool wear, surface topography and manufacturing accuracy

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Procedia CIRP 2020年 87卷 77-82页

作者： Stephan Basten Benjamin Kirsch Werner Ankener Marek Smaga Tilmann Beck Julian Uebel Jörg Seewig Jan C. Aurich Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Production Systems TU Kaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany Institute of Materials Science and Engineering TU Kaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany Institute for Measurement and Sensor Technology TU Kaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany

This paper presents a characterization of the turning process for finishing of AISI 52100 in martensitic heat treatment state at various cooling conditions. With regard to the cooling conditions, LN 2 -cooling, CO 2 snow cooling at varied mass flows, sub-zero metalworking fluids (MWF) at varied supply temperatures, and dry machining were examined. The tool temperatures, the process forces, the tool wear, the surface topography as well as the dimensional deviations of the workpiece caused by unintended alterations of the depth of cut due to a thermal expansion or contraction of the workpiece are analyzed. The application of MWF supplied at 20 °C results in an unchanging thermo-mechanical load in the tool-work interface and surface topography as well as in a high manufacturing accuracy. Dry machining leads to an increasing depth of cut of up to 10 %, resulting in radial dimensional errors. Cryogenic machining and using the sub-zero MWF supplied at -30 °C exhibit a different behavior due to high cooling effects: the depth of cut is reduced up to 10 %, also leading to radial dimensional errors. However, even though the depth of cut and thus the undeformed chip cross section is affected by up to 10 % depending the cooling condition, the mechanical load remains approximately constant during single cuts. In part II, the surface and near surface microstructure morphology of the workpieces is characterized.

关键词： cryogenic turning surface integrity accuracy error hard machining precicion turning

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Approach for the observation of surface conditions in-process by soft sensors during cryogenic hard turning

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Procedia CIRP 2019年 81卷 1260-1265页

作者： Julian Uebel Felix Ströer Stephan Basten Werner Ankener Hendrik Hotz Lukas Heberger Gerhard Stelzer Benjamin Kirsch Marek Smaga Jörg Seewig Jan C. Aurich Tilmann Beck Institute for Measurement and Sensor-Technology Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 44 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Production Systems Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 44 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 44 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany

Even though required for a robust production, direct measurement of the surface condition in-process is a challenge due to technical limitations. A concept for in-process monitoring of surface conditions like hardness or microtopography using observer-like structures will be discussed in this paper from a metrological point of view. Initially, the background regarding manufacturing and material sciences is summarized. Afterwards, the problem is analysed from a control engineering point of view and challenges and solutions are discussed. Finally, a concept for a new sensor, the opto-pneumatic scattered light sensor, is presented, which contributes to the indirect measurement of the microtophography in-process.

关键词： soft-sensor surface condition in-process indirect measurement opto-pneumatic scattered light sensor

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Scanning strategies for long term and long distance AFM measurements 16

Scanning strategies for long term and long distance AFM meas...

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16th International Conference of the European Society for Precision engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2016

作者： Vorbringer-Dorozhovets, Nataliya Manske, Eberhard Production and Precision Measurement Technology Group Institute for Process Measurement and Sensor Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Technische Universität Ilmenau Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780956679086

Long range AFM measurements are mainly affected by drift caused by relative long measurement times and by tip wear caused by large measurement distances. One way to avoid these effects is to reduce measurement times and scanning distances. Special intelligent scanning strategies were developed and investigated. These strategies are based on adaptive sampling and different trajectories. This paper gives an introduction into the implemented scanning strategies. This paper presents one example of the developed "adaptive sampling" strategy as well as first results of the circular scan.

关键词： Scanning

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Influence of surface morphology on fatigue behavior of metastable austenitic stainless steel AISI 347 at ambient temperature and 300°C

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Procedia Structural Integrity 2017年 5卷 989-996页

作者： Marek Smaga Robert Skorupski Patrick Mayer Benjamin Kirsch Jan C. Aurich Indek Raid Jörg Seewig Jiří Man Dietmar Eifler Tilmann Beck Institute of Materials Science and Engineering University of Kaiserslautern P.O. Box 3049 67653 Kaiserslautern Germany Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Production Systems University of Kaiserslautern P.O. Box 3049 67653 Kaiserslautern Germany Institute for Measurement and Sensor-Technology University of Kaiserslautern P.O. Box 3049 67653 Kaiserslautern Germany Institute of Physics of Materials ASCR Žižkova 22 616 62 Brno Czech Republic

The effect of surface modification by cryogenic turning on fatigue behavior of metastable austenitic stainless steel AISI 347 was investigated in stress-controlled fatigue tests at ambient temperature (AT) and 300 °C in air. Five different surface morphologies were manufactured by the variation of turning parameters – with and without cryogenic CO 2 snow cooling and feed velocity as well as by the application of polishing for reference surfaces with a very small surface roughness. For a comprehensive characterization of the surface and near surface morphology, X-ray diffraction investigations were performed. Three phases (γ-austenite, α-martensite and ε-martensite) were detected in the near-surface microstructure after cryogenic turning while after turning without cryogenic cooling the only microstructural constituent was γ-austenite. Moreover, residual stress state, micro hardness and surface roughness play an important role in surface morphology. The experimental data on the cyclic deformation behavior and stress-strain response of all surface morphologies are reported. Reference specimens with purely austenitic surface microstructure show the highest plastic strain amplitude during cyclic loading at both AT and 300°C. At elevated temperature these specimens achieved the shortest fatigue life. Martensitic surface layers induced by cryogenic turning result in the reduction of plastic strain amplitude during cyclic loading and significantly enhance fatigue life at both tested temperatures.

关键词： metastable austenitic stainless steels martensite surface morphology cryogenic turning fatigue

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Characterisation of the tool wear during ductile polishing of ceramic tiles using morphological space

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International Journal of Abrasive technology 2016年第3期7卷 216-225页

作者： Sousa, Fábio José Pinheiro Seewig, Jörg Do Nascimento, Rubens Maribondo Chiamulera, Cátia Alarcon, Orestes Estevam Weingärtner, Walter Lindwolf Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Production Systems - FBK University of Kaiserslautern P.O. Box 3049 KaiserslauternD-67653 Germany Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Measurement and Sensor-Technology - MTS University of Kaiserslautern P.O. Box 3049 KaiserslauternD-67653 Germany Department of Material Engineering Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte Natal - RNCEP 59078-900 Brazil Embraer Av. Alcides Cagliari 2281 B-200 Botucatu - SP18606-855 Brazil Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina P.O. Box 476 Florianópolis - SCCEP 88040-900 Brazil

The present work is focused on the wear of the abrasive tools during the industrial polishing process of porcelain stoneware tiles, aiming to extend the validity of using morphological space to quantify the wear when very fine abrasive tools are used. In such morphological space, the horizontal and vertical axes are respectively the skewness (Sk) and the kurtosis (K) of the distribution of heights taken from several surface profiles. Despite the existence of an intrinsic interaction between Sk and K, the approach enables the sequence of geometrical changes suffered by the fickert surface to be quantitatively evaluated. The experimental points obtained were nearly aligned and with a negative slope, just as expected for abrasive wear. Implausibly, the results for fine abrasive fickerts was much more scattered than for those with coarse abrasive particles found in literature. Copyright © 2016 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Silicon carbide

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