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FUTURE PROPULSION MACHINERY TECHNOLOGY FOR GAS-TURBINE POWERED FRIGATES, DESTROYERS, AND CRUISERS

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第2期96卷 34-46页

作者： BASKERVILLE, JE QUANDT, ER DONOVAN, MR USN The Authors Commander James E. Baskerville USNis presently assigned to Naval Sea Systems Command (NA VSEA) as the Ship Design Manager for the DDG 51 the Navy's next generation surface combatant. A graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy Class of 1969 he is a qualified Surface Warfare Officer and designated Engineering Duty Officer (ED). He received his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering and his professional degree of Ocean Engineer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and holds a patent right on an Electronic Control and Response System. His naval assignments include tours in USSRamsey (FFG-2) Aide and Flag Lieutenant to the Commander Naval Electronic Systems Command and Ship Superintendent Surface Type Desk Officer and Assistant Design Superintendent at NA VSHIPYD Pearl Harbor. He was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal for distinguished performance at Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard. As an author he has contributed articles to the ASNEJournaland given presentations at local sections on ship design the use of innovative technology in ship repair and maintenance and the costs and risks associated with engineering progress. Commander Baskerville is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Virginia an adjunct professor teaching marine engineering at Virginia Tech. and in addition to ASNE which he joined in 1975 is a member of SNAME Tau Beta Pi Sigma Xi ASME and the American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Dr. Earl R. Quandt:received his degree of Chemical Engineer from the University of Cincinnati in 1956 and his Ph.D. degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Pittsburgh in 1961. He worked in the naval reactors program at the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory from 1956 to 1963. Since that time he has been with David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center Annapolis Maryland where he is Head of the Power Systems Division. He contributed to this paper while on a one year assignment to the U.S. Naval Academy as V

A turning point occurred in naval engineering in 1972 when the U.S. N avy chose to use marine gas turbines for the propulsion of its new SPRUANCE and PERRY Class ships. This paper reviews the more than twenty years of experience with turbine technology and its design integration into combat ships needed to make that decision. It is concluded that the availability of a good second generation aircraft derivative engine with proven reliability and a strong commercial base, i.e., the LM-2500, was as important to the decision as was the predicted improved ship effectiveness and cost benefits. This paper discusses improvements that can be made to the twin engine, single gear, single propeller shaft system. Focusing only on this mechanical transmission concept, it addresses the impact of possible improvements to the engine, gear, and shafting. In particular, the paper discusses current LM-2500 related R&D efforts to: (a) obtain improved part-power fuel rates, (b) integrate with a reversing reduction gear, and (c) add on a waste heat recovery steam cycle. Looking ahead to the year 2000, this paper suggests that a successor to the ubiquitous LM-2500 will appear in the 15 MW power range to provide the next step in the evolution of the twin engine package. This new naval engine will most likely be based on an aircraft core that exists at present, such that it will have demonstrated its reliability and commercial potential through many hours of testing prior to its mid-1990 marine conversion. This new engine is expected to offer improved air flow, an excellent fuel rate (approaching a flat 0.30 LB/HP-HR), and effective maintenance monitoring, all at some expense in size, weight, and cost. The year 2000 engine will burn a liquid hydrocarbon fuel similar to JP-5 because of its aircraft origins. Combined with advances in gear and shafting technology, the full twin engine propulsion system of the year 2000 should be markedly lighter, smaller, and more efficient than today's units.

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AN ADVANCED METHODOLOGY FOR PRELIMINARY HULL FORM DEVELOPMENT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第4期96卷 147-161页

作者： LIN, WC DAY, WG HOUGH, JJ KEANE, RG WALDEN, DA KOH, IY Wen-Chin Lin:heads the Ship Powering Division at the David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center (DTNSRDC). Dr. Lin received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the National Taiwan University in 1957. He was awarded his M.S. degree in naval architecture and Ph.D. in engineering science from the University of California at Berkeley in 1963 and 1966 respectively. From 1966 to 1969 he was employed by ESSO Research and Engineering Company to conduct marine hydrodynamic research for oil tankers and offshore structures. Since joining DTNSRDC in 1969 he has actively conducted and directed hydrodynamic research to advance naval ship design technology and improve ship performance. Active in national and international symposia on ship hydrodynamic research he is recognized for contributions to the ship research community. For the past six years he has been a member of the Performance Committee of the ITTC and currently serves as secretary of the committee. He is a member of SNAME and the Society of Naval Architects of Japan. William G. Day Jr:. has been employed as a naval architect at the David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center since receiving a B.E.S. degree from the Johns Hopkins University in 1966. He obtained an M.S. E. degree from George Washington University in 1971. As Head Design Evaluation Branch of the Ship Performance Department he is responsible for model experiments to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of ships and propulsors. He is a member of ASNE and SNAME. In-Young Koh:received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from Lowell University in 1969 and 1971 respectively and his Ph.D. in applied mechanics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1976. Dr. Koh joined DTNSRDC as an electronic engineer specializing in the application of advanced instrumentation and computer techniques to ship research and design. He is currently engaged in research and development of active control systems for naval ship applications. Dr. Koh is a member of ASNE SNAME and IEEE. David Andrew Walden:is

A ship design methodology is presented for developing hull forms that attain improved performance in both seakeeping and resistance. Contrary to traditional practice, the methodology starts with developing a seakeeping-optimized hull form without making concessions to other performance considerations, such as resistance. The seakeeping-optimized hull is then modified to improve other performance characteristics without degrading the seakeeping. Presented is a point-design example produced by this methodology. Merits of the methodology and the point design are assessed on the basis of theoretical calculations and model experiments. This methodology is an integral part of the Hull Form design System (HFDS) being developed for computer-supported naval ship design. The modularized character of HFDS and its application to hull form development are discussed.

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AN OVERVIEW OF THE ROLE OF THE NAVSEA HUMAN-FACTORS engineering PROGRAM IN SHIP design

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1983年第4期95卷 139-152页

作者： STEIN, NI BENEL, RA MALONE, TB Mr. Norman I. Stein:received his degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Iowa in 1943. MK Stein began his career with the Bureau of Ships Department of the Navy. After his military service with the Army of Occupation in Japan he has held positions with the Corps of Engineering Atomic Energy Commission Walter Reed Army General Hospital and the Protective Structures Development Center Department of the Army. He returned to the Naval Sea Systems Command in 1967 and is currently with the Manning and Controls Integration Branch SEA 55 W16. Mr. Stein is a registered professional engineer in New York state and also is a certified fallout shelter analyst with the Department of the Army. He has authored a comprehensive study on air distribution studies in multi-room shelters presentedpapers on human factors engineering to the Association of Scientists and Engineers and recently contributed a chapter on human factors engineering which will be incorporated in the proposed Naval Sea Systems Handbook on Surface Ship Design. Russell A. Benel:received his Ph. D. in engineering psychology from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He is currently a Senior Research Scientist with Essex Corporation where he is the manager of the Man-Machine Systems Department. He has been responsible f o r scientific studies associated with the Human Factors Engineering f o r ships program under contract to the Naval Sea Systems Command specifically the development application and validation of human factors engineering technology f o r surface ship systems such as aircraft launch and recovery propulsion engineering combat direction weapons and total ship systems. He is currently providing Human Factors Engineering Support on the DDG-51. His other activities include a variety of research development test and evaluation activities for military systems. He had been with the Crew Performance Branch of the Crew Technology Division at the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine as a National Research Council Postd

This paper provides a context within which the role of human factors engineering (HFE) for Naval ship design may be understood. HFE is defined and its history as part of engineering design teams is traced. The role of HFE in ship systems design is defined, and the HFE Technology for Ships Program, managed by SEA 061R, is described. The rationale for inclusion of HFE in the design process is presented, the methodology whereby it is incorporated into the design process is detailed, methodology to assess the application of HFE is outlined, and the benefits that will accrue as a result of inclusion of HFE considerations in the design process are documented. The counterpoint to inclusion is illustrated through instances of design-induced human errors. A specific application of HFE in the acquisition process is illustrated through use of the Landing Craft, Air Cushion HFE program plan. The difficulties which may be encountered as the size of the target system expands are described. Potential roadblocks to the required incorporation of HFE are examined for their source and possible ameliorative steps.

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COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF ADVANCED MARINE VEHICLES FOR EXPRESS SHIPPING

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1983年第3期95卷 283-300页

作者： LUEDEKE, G FARNHAM, RB JR. George Luedeke Jr.: received his BS degree in Mechanical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his MS degree in Product Design from Illinois Institute of Technology. Early in his career Mr. Luedeke joined General Motors Corporation as a designer responsible for development of people mover and rail rapid transit systems. From 1964 to 1974 he was with Hughes Aircraft Company. At Hughes he performed analyses and developed designs for a wide variety of program and proposal efforts such as: High Speed Ground Transportation (DOT) Task Force Command Center (NAVY) Panama Canal Marine Traffic Control Center (Panama Canal Co.) Royal Iranian Navy Command Center (Iran) Tactical Information Processing and Interpretation Center (Air Force) and WALLEYE CONDOR and PHOENIX Missile Systems (NAVY). He also had marketing development responsibilities related to the diversification of Hughes resources in civil business areas such as: Automatic train control (WMATA BARTD SCRTD) water/sewage treatment plant automation (Santa Clara County) Aqueduct Control (SWR) Hydrometeorological data collection (BPA WMO) and Salton Sea basin systems analysis (Dept. of the Interior). He was responsible for combat system integration for the Hughes 2000T Surface Effect Ship (SES) proposal. He also conducted detailed studies concerning ship flexure for the Improved Point Defense Target Acquisition System Program and for the definition of operational High Energy Laser weapon installations on a series of conventional monohulls (DLG DD and CVN). Since 1974 Mr. Luedeke has been employed at RMI Inc. (formerly Rohr Marine Inc.). During this time he has held several positions. His responsibilities have included directing a number of studies on advanced SES concepts managing activities defining mission/cost effectiveness of military and commercial SES's including defining the operational benefits and enhanced survivability characteristics of cargo SES's for high speed military sealiftfor NA TO and Southeast Asia

This paper will present the results of a marketing, engineering, and economic analysis of advanced marine vehicles done by IMA Resources, Inc. and RMI, Inc., in support of a Maritime Administration project to study “Multimode Express Shipping”. The study was conducted in 1981 and examined the economic benefits of using advanced marine vehicles as express cargo vessels in domestic and international service. Commodity characteristics, desirable express carrier rates, and potential high payoff service and route alternatives were identified. Advanced marine vehicles were surveyed and sized to meet desirable deadweight and block speed objectives. The costs of operating these craft on a variety of trade routes were calculated using an advanced marine vehicle economic analysis program. Revenues, expenses, break-even, profit and loss, cash flow requirements, tax summary and economic indicators (i.e., cost/ton – mile, etc.) were projected over the expected life of the vehicles as was return on investment. Traffic density and market penetration considerations narrowed the field of choice to smaller sized advanced marine vehicle carriers (i.e., 50 and 250 ton deadweight) and to three international and five domestic routes.

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A study of flame arrestors in piping systems. Even officially approved flame arrestors must be used only under the exact conditions for which they were tested and approved

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Process Safety Progress 1983年第1期2卷 5-12页

作者： G. L. Broschka I. Ginsburgh R. A. Mancini R. G. Will Amoco Oil Co. Naperville Ill. Gregory L. Broschka is currently a Specialist in Industry Supply Analysis with the Standard Oil Company (Indiana). He holds an M.S. degree in Chemical Engineering from Northwestern University and has been employed by Standard or its subsidiary companies for 8 years. While he was with the Amoco Oil Company Research Department he conducted research in flammability and flame propagation synthetic fuels and leak detection technology. Irwin Ginsburgh is a Senior Research Associate with the Amoco Oil Company Research and Development Department with whom he has been employed for 31 years. He holds a PhD in Physics from Rutgers University and has conducted extensive research in gas phase detonations and static electricity. Current research interests include unconfined vapor cloud explosions vapor recovery and advanced energy sources. He holds 42 patents has been awarded four IR 100 awards and has published numerous articles and one book. Robert A. Mancini is a Research Supervisor and Process Safety Specialist with the Amoco Oil Company Research and Development Department. He holds a PhD in Chemical Engineering from Northwestern University and has conducted research in reaction kinetics process safety environmental conservation and probability analysis related to process safety and equipment reliability. He is a member of the Static Electricity and Fire Safety Engineering Subcommittees of the American Petroleum Institute Committee on Safety and Fire Protection and is a member of the NFPA Explosion Protection Systems Technical Committee. Robert G. Will is Director of the Engineering and Environmental Research Division of Amoco Oil Company Research and Development Department and has been employed by Amoco Oil or its subsidiary companies for 29 years. He is a mechanical engineering graduate from Purdue University and has conducted research in oil spill control process safety and burner design. He holds five patents has been awarded an IR 100 award and is a Registered Profession

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SHIPBOARD MAIN BOILER AND FEED PUMP control-SYSTEM ONLINE ALIGNMENT VERIFICATION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1982年第6期94卷 39-46页

作者： BANHAM, JW ADAM, DJ James W. Banham:holds positions both as Director of the Machinery Automation Systems Department of the Naval Ship Systems Engineering Station and as Assistant Chairman of the Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department of Drexel University's Evening College where he holds the rank of Adjunct Associate Professor. He is the author of a text on Numerical Methods Applications in Engineering. In addition to numerous technical papers he is also the author of the ISA film on Boiler Feedwater Control Systems. A registered professional engineer in the state of Pennsylvania Mr. Banham is co-author of a forthcoming handbook on preparing for the Professional Engineering Examination in mechanical engineering. Mr. Banham holds a bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering from the Pennsylvania State University his graduate studies were taken at the University of Pennsylvania. He is currently a member of the American Society for Engineering Education and the Instrument Society of America. He served as a member of the ISA Education Committee from 1964 through 1973 and as a member of the ISA Power Plant Dynamics Committee since 1969. His service on the latter committee includes terms as Executive Secretary Vice-Chairman and Chairman. Among other honors Mr. Banham was the winner of the Naval Ship Engineering Center's first Technical Achievement Award (1963) Technical Publication Award (1974) and Equal Employment Opportunity Award (1978). He was also the recipient of Drexel University's Laura S. Campbell Award for Excellence in Teaching (1978). He has taught undergraduate courses in classical control theory numerical methods computer programming systems design and analysis and instrumentation. He also teaches systems theory and computer science in an EIT Review and heat transfer in a PE Review conducted by the Drexel University Department of Continuing Professional Education. Mr. David J. Adam:is a Project Engineer in the Naval Sea Systems Command (PMS301) Steam Propulsion Plant Improvement Program where he i

One of the most serious problems encountered in Naval steam plants following World War II was the unreliable performance of boiler and main feedpump pneumatic control systems. In addition to control component and system design deficiencies, these control systems suffered from inadequate methods to measure and adjust system alignment. This paper describes the development of a set of procedures for on-line alignment verification (OLV) of pneumatic main boiler and feedpump control systems. The procedures are designed for use by N avy control system technicians and, in addition to on-line alignment verification, provide guidance for troubleshooting and for performing system alignment. Procedure static checks measure steady state steaming performance and OLV procedure dynamic checks measure the ability of the boiler and control systems to respond to load changes. The paper describes typical control system characteristics that influence OLV procedure content and the supporting analysis that was used to establish alignment criteria ranges that satisfy both steady state and transient performance requirements. Also described is the alignment criteria tolerance analysis along with the steps involved in a typical OLV check procedure development. Descriptions of the various OLV checks, troubleshooting procedures and alignment procedures are provided. Typical shipboard implementation requirements are described and experience to date with the procedures is provided along with a status report on OLV procedure implementations.

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IS AUTOMATION THE MAGIC POTION FOR MANNING PROBLEMS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1982年第2期94卷 127-136页

作者： MELLIS, JG PLATO, AI REIN, RJ James G. Mellis:attended Central Institute in Kansas City Mo. where he graduated in Electronic Engineering Technology. He later attended the University of Minn. in Minneapolis. At present he works in the Manning and Controls Integration Section of the Naval Sea Systems Command. Mr. Mellis is responsible for developing manpower requirements for ship design and for the coordination of shipboard automation designs with the U.S. Navy's manpower policies and availability. Mr. Mellis is currently developing manpower requirements for the U.S. Navy's DDGX ship design. In this capacity he has examined proposals for shipboard manpower reductions through the use of automation and remote control techniques. Another project where Mr. Mellis is heavily engaged in is the Ship Systems Engineering Standards (SSES) development. Mr. Mellis is the assistant project manager for the test and evaluation and producibility aspects of the SSES project. Previously prior to his employment with NAVSEA Mr. Mellis worked for General Dynamics/Electronic Division as a Senior Field Engineer on the Apollo Instrumentation Ships (i.e. Vanguard Restone Mercury). He was responsible for Central Data Processing Systems on the three ships. Artis I. Plato:is the Head of the Manning and Controls Integration Section of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). He is responsible for the development of accurate manpower requirements for all new construction and major overhaul ship projects for the U.S. NAVY. In addition Mr. Plato must coordinate shipboard controls integration and automation aspects with manpower requirements to insure that a compatible solution is developed. Mr. Plato began his professional career in 1956 at the New York Naval Shipyard. There he worked in the Internal Combustion Engine and Shipboard Elevator Section. During 1957 and 1958 he was called up for active duty with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. He served in Europe with various Construction Engineers units. After release from active duty he returned to the shipyard. In 19

This paper examines the recent experience in the UNITED STATES NAVY where automation has been introduced into new ship designs. While other attributes are recognized in the introduction of automated shipboard systems, such as the ability to respond more quickly in combat situations, this paper focuses on the effects of automation upon ship manpower requirements. Specific examples show that expected reductions in manning were not achieved in recent ship designs where automation was incorporated for that purpose. While the use of shipboard automation is not without its critics, the U.S. Fleet appears to have accepted the concept. User feedback addresses the issues of reliability, the provisions for backup systems, the need for better qualified personnel and the concern about maintenance workload. The authors provide specific recommendations for improved guidance to ship designers to more effectively apply automation in the ship design process.

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SYNTHETIC FUEL CONSIDERATIONS FOR NAVAL SHIPBOARD USE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1982年第2期94卷 286-295页

作者： FAIRBANKS, JW KENYON, CW Capt. John W. Fairbanks USNR:received his M.S. degree from the University of Santa Clara and his B.S. degrees from Stanford University and the Maine Maritime Academy. He taught at the Texas A&M University and the University of Maryland and from 1954 until 1957 served in the U.S. Navy in the Pacific. Subsequently he was a Research Engineer with Hiller Aircraft where he worked on the annular ejector and designed the High-Speed Bearing and Shaft Test Stand for XC-142A and later at Philco Ford worked on advanced space power systems. At NASA-Goddard in 1967 as a Power System Engineer he was employed on several space craft including the Orbiting Astronomical Observatory. From 1971 until 1977 he was employed by the Naval Ship Engineering Center (NAVSEC) as a Program Engineer for FT9 Marine Gas Turbine Development and the Ceramic Demonstrator Gas Turbine and also as Coordinator of Gas Turbine Material Development. In addition he organized the first two Gas Turbine Materials on Marine Environment Conferences and the U.S. participation in the U.S. Navy/Royal Navy Conference. Currently he is a Program Manager in Applied Heat Engine High Temperature Materials and Instrumentation at the Department of Energy (DOE) where he also served as Chairman Engineering Materials Coordinating Committee for DOE. A Naval Reserve Captain and Chairman of the ASME Washington Chapter he also is the former President of the Washington Chapter of the Maine Maritime Academy Alumni former Vice-President of the Stephen Decatur Chapter Naval Reserve Association and the outstanding 1975 Maine Maritime Academy Alumni. Capt. Fairbanks has authored over forty-five technical papers and in both 1974 and 1975 was the winner of the ASE Niedermair Award. Mr. Clarence W. Kenyon:graduated from the State University of New York Maritime College in 1960 and sailed on a Third Assistant Engineer's license with Isbrandtsen Steamship Company before accepting an engineering position with the Long Beach Naval Shipyard in 1961. In addition to his responsibilit

Synthetic fuels are assessed with respect to their potential use aboard Navy ships. The status of petroleum resources and the development of fuels from shale, coal, and biomass is summarized. A scenario of the projected availability of these fuels is presented which shows the sensitivity to funding and schedule. Diesel engine and gas turbine combustor tests with small quantities of coal derived and shale derived fuels are described and these tests results are evaluated for shipboard applications. Special shipboard modifications are discussed such as the replacement of rubber base seals, gaskets, and hoses with viton and teflon, and the use of stainless steel piping because of the fuel characteristics. Considerations for dual fuel systems using Diesel Fuel Marine for starting, stopping, and maneuvering are included based upon early test results. Consideration is given to the use of these fuels in the shipboard environment since they require special handling and adoption of personnel safety measures.

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MACHINERY ARRANGEMENT design - A PERSPECTIVE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第3期93卷 133-141页

作者： RESNER, ME KLOMPARENS, SH LYNCH, JP Mr. Michael E. Resner:received an Engineering Degree from Texas A&M University in 1966 and has done graduate work in management at American University. He is Director Machinery Arrangements/Control Systems and Industrial Facilities Division (SEA 525) at the Naval Sea Systems Command. His previous positions have included Program Manager Solar Total Energy Program at the Department of Energy and Branch Chief Machinery Control Systems Branch at the Naval Ship Engineering Center. Mr. Stephen H. Klomparens:is a Naval Architect at Designers & Planners Inc. and is engaged in development of computer aids for ship design. He received his B.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1973 and his M.S. degree in Computer Science from the Johns Hopkins University. Mr. Kolmparens began his professional career at Hydronautics Inc. in 1974 where he was involved in the use of marine laboratory facilities for test and development of conventional and advanced marine craft. Since 1977 he has been involved with naval and commercial ship design and with development of computer-aided ship design tools. Mr. John P. Lynch:is a Principal Marine Engineer with Hydronautics Inc. He was previously employed in the auxiliary machinery and computer-aided design divisions of the David W. Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center the machinery design division of the New York Naval Shipyard and the machinery arrangement code of the Bureau of Ships. His active naval service was as a ship superintendent in the production department of the Long Beach Naval Shipyard. Mr. Lynch received his B. S. degree in Marine Engineering from the New York State Maritime College and his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Columbia University. He is a licensed Professional Engineer in the State of New York and a member of ASNE.

The machinery arrangement design process has remained relatively unchanged over the years. Recently, external demands have been placed on both the product and the producers that call for changes to this process. This paper cites these external demands and traces the evolution of the process changes from the rule-of-thumb machinery box sizing routines up to the current automated procedures. The machinery arrangement design practice is presented, and existing analytic and graphics aids are discussed. The user requirements for improved design aids are presented, with implementation guidelines and hardware/software alternatives.

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THE PROCESS OF NAVAL SHIP GENERAL ARRANGEMENT design AND ANALYSIS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第4期93卷 29-37页

作者： HOPE, JP A native of Northern Virginia received his BS degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Virginia in 1969. Upon graduation he began his career with the Department of the Navy in the acquisition of patrol craft and submarine rescue ships at NA VSHIPS. In January 1971 he transferred to the Ship Arrangements Branch of NAVSEC. He was selected for the long-term training program at George Washington University in 1974 and completed the program in February 1976 with the degree of Master of Engineering Administration. While at NAVSEC Mr. Hope has been General Arrangement Task Leader on the AO 177 DDG 47 CSGN CSGN (VSTOL) CGN 9 (AEGIS) CGN 42 and assisted in the land- mark NA VSEA Civilian Professional Community Study. In 1978 he was selected as acting head of the Damage Control Section. From that position he was selected as acting head of the Surface Ship Hydrodynamic Section. In February 1980 he was promoted to head of the Surface Combatant Arrangements Design Section. In addition to numerous outstanding performance awards Mr. Hope was nominated for the Commander Naval Ship Engineering Center Professional Development A ward in both 1978 and 1979. In 1979 Mr. Hope was presented the National Capital Award for Professional Achievement (under age 36) by the District of Columbia Council of Engineering and Architectural Societies. Mr. Hope has presented numerous professional papers at ASNE and ASE Technical Symposia. Three of these papers have been published in the ASNE Naval Engineers Journal and his papers Management of Research and Engineering: Selected Topics won the JOHN C. NIEDERMAIR Award for the best paper presented at the 13th ASE Symposium. His memberships in professional societies include ASNE ASE SNAME ASME and U.S. Naval Institute. He has served as an elected officer in ASE since 1978.

This paper describes naval ship general arrangement design and analysis, a system engineering process that seeks the optimization of the ship as a total system. Through this system engineering process, the ship is geometrically defined by allocating scarce resources of area/volume and functional location. The general arrangement design team synthesizes a design from subsystem requirements, system constraints, and policy-maker influences through iteration and negotiation into the optimum general arrangement. The use of volumetric and area ratios and indices in this process are highlighted. The paper concludes with a discussion of a new methodology now under development for analyzing and comparing general arrangement alternatives. This new general arrangement evaluation methodology links operational performance objectives to ship design philosophy and subsystem effectiveness.

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