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mechanical Response and Microstructure Evolution of TA1 Titanium Under Normal Ultrasonic Vibration Processing

Materials 2025年第8期18卷 1712-1712页

作者： Liu, Yang Wang, Chunju Zeng, Haolan Liu, Xiaoye Song, Xinhua Zhang, Zhifang Liu, Siyuan Li, Jian School of Physical and Electromechanical Engineering Jishou University Jishou416000 China School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Robotics and Microsystems Center Soochow University Suzhou215131 China Department of Aerospace Engineering Zhangjiajie Institute of Aeronautical Engineering Zhangjiajie427000 China

Ultrasonic vibration (UV) has been employed in various plastic forming processes due to its special effect known as acoustoplasticity. Mostly, UV is applied along the longitudinal direction in experimental investigations. However, very few studies have focused on normal UV-assisted uniaxial tension, which is more similar to the loading state of sheet metal in actual forming processes. Herein, normal UV-assisted tension tests on a TA1 thin sheet are performed to study its mechanical properties and microstructure evolution. The macro-mechanical behavior is demonstrated by stress–strain curves under different ultrasonic amplitudes and strain rates. Fracture morphology and microstructure evolution are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) to reveal the UV softening mechanism at the micro level. The results show that the stress reduction induced by UV reaches 20% when the ultrasonic amplitude is 13.9 μm. Fracture mode changes from ductile fracture to brittle fracture with increasing amplitude. Microstructure examinations show that low-angle grain boundary (LAGB) fraction, kernel average misorientation (KAM), and geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density in the samples experiencing normal UV-assisted tension are all decreased, leading to a reduction in deformation resistance. The inverse pole figures (IPFs) further reveal that the plastic deformation mechanism of the TA1 thin sheet is diversified with the superposition of normal UV. © 2025 by the authors.

关键词： Strain rate

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Giant Magnetostrictive Actuators for Ultracompact Electric Vehicles: Analysis of Output Characteristics

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Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 2025年第3期29卷 631-640页

作者： Kato, Taro Sawada, Kentaro Wu, Wenbao Kobayashi, Ikkei Kuroda, Jumpei Uchino, Daigo Ogawa, Kazuki Ikeda, Keigo Endo, Ayato Liu, Xiaojun Kato, Hideaki Narita, Takayoshi Furui, Mitsuaki Department of Mechanical Engineering Tokyo University of Technology 1404-1 Katakura Hachioji Tokyo 192-0982 Japan Course of Mechanical Engineering Tokai University 4-1-1 Kitakaname Kanagawa Hiratsuka 259-1292 Japan Course of Science and Technology Tokai University 4-1-1 Kitakaname Kanagawa Hiratsuka 259-1292 Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology Numazu College 3600 Ooka Shizuoka Numazu 410-0022 Japan Department of Electronic Robotics Aichi University of Technology 50-2 Manori Nishi-hasama Aichi Gamagori 443-0047 Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Hokkaido University of Science 7-Jo 15-4-1 Maeda Teine Hokkaido Sapporo 006-8585 Japan Department of Electrical Engineering Fukuoka Institute of Technology 3-30-1 Wajiro-higashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 811-0295 Japan OMRON Corporation 801 Higashifudomachi Shiokojidori Horikawahigashiiru Shimogyo-ku Kyoto 600-8530 Japan

Ultracompact electric vehicles have compact, lightweight bodies with low outer-plate rigidity. This results in the transmission of road noise from the tires and wind noise (caused by the projection shape of the vehicle) into the cabin. Interior acoustic control systems require devices that can produce sound waves. Next-generation mobility uses giant magnetostrictive actuators (GMAs) for sound production. This is a foundational study for designing GMAs that can be used in such interior acoustic control systems. Magnetostriction forces are generated when a magnetic field deforms giant magnetostrictive materials. The output characteristics were analyzed by electromagnetic-field analysis. Further, the GMA magnetostriction force was analyzed using the finite element method (FEM)—across varying frequency ranges of piezoelectrically controlled amplifiers. The FEM results indicated that the GMA output performance was sufficient to generate sound waves for active noise control in the low-frequency range, 100–500 Hz (road noise). Further optimization is required to expand the frequency range—to accommodate music playback, etc.—including modification of the actuator size, weight, shape, and components and using materials with higher magnetic permeability. © Fuji Technology Press Ltd.

关键词： ANC FEM giant magnetostrictive actuator magnetostriction force ultracompact EV

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Design and Performance Comparison of Current References for a 32-bit Microcontroller Using 22nm Technology

Design and Performance Comparison of Current References for ...

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IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems (LASCAS)

作者： Eduardo A. Barcelos Pâmela R. A. N. Campagnucci Daniel M. Muñoz Wellington A. Amaral Sandro A. P. Haddad Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Technology Mechatronics Graduate Program Faculty of Gama Electronics Engineering Undergraduate Program University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798331522124

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522131

With the advancement of semiconductor technologies, the need for efficient power management solutions in integrated systems, such as RISC-V architecture-based microcontrollers, becomes increasingly critical. However, there is a lack of studies comparing current reference architectures in terms of performance and robustness, particularly in 22nm technologies. In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of two current reference designs implemented in the same technology-referred to as Reference Design A and Reference Design B. We focus on their approaches to thermal compensation, supply stability, and layout optimizations. Through simulations and experimental tests, we evaluate the performance of each design within a power management system that includes DC-DC converters and LDO regulators. Our results indicate that Design A exhibits superior power supply rejection with a PSRR of -85 dB, while Design B demonstrates enhanced energy efficiency and thermal stability, achieving a nominal current of 5.14 μA and a temperature coefficient of 16.21 ppm. These findings underscore the importance of balancing energy efficiency, thermal stability, and power supply variation rejection when selecting current references for low-power, high-reliability applications, such as those in the Internet of Things (IoT).

关键词： Resistance Microcontrollers Power system management Stability criteria Energy efficiency Robustness Circuit stability Thermal analysis Internet of Things Thermal stability

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A 22nm CMOS PFM Buck Converter Used in a 32-Bit RISC-V Microcontroller for IoT Applications

A 22nm CMOS PFM Buck Converter Used in a 32-Bit RISC-V Micro...

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IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems (LASCAS)

作者： Luiz H. N. Oliveira Wellington A. Amaral Sandro A. P. Haddad Daniel M. Muñoz Eduardo A. Barcelos Vinícius V. M. Sotero Emmanuel K. M. Jonhson Pâmela R. A. N. Campagnucci Luis V. N. Lima Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Technology Mechatronics Graduate Program University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil Faculty of Gama Electronics Engineering Undergraduate Program

ISBN: (数字)9798331522124

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522131

The demand for efficient power management solutions in electronic devices has increased significantly, especially for microcontrollers operating in low-power modes. This article presents the design and implementation of a Pulse Frequency Modulation (PFM)-based buck converter for applications in 32-bit microcontrollers using 22nm CMOS technology. The methodology involves the development of a Constant On Time (COT) architecture that maintains a fixed duration for the activation of the high-side MOSFET, using a monostable multivibrator to generate the necessary timing signals. The converter's performance was simulated under various load conditions and process corners to evaluate its efficiency and output characteristics. The results show that the proposed buck converter achieves high efficiency, with peak values above 95%, while maintaining a low output ripple. Specifically, the converter exhibits an efficiency of 93.4% at a load of 1mA, with output ripple voltages as low as 2.20 mV under ideal conditions. The contributions of this work lie in the advancement of PFM converter technology for modern microcontroller applications, demonstrating the potential of 22nm CMOS processes to improve power efficiency and performance.

关键词： Semiconductor device modeling Performance evaluation MOSFET Buck converters Microcontrollers Power system management Multivibrators Timing Internet of Things Load modeling

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Corrigendum to "Effect of cell imprinting on viability and drug susceptibility of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin" [Acta Biomaterialia, 2020, 113, 119-129] (Acta Biomaterialia (2020) 113 (119–129), (S1742706120303287), (10.1016/***.2020.06.007))

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Acta Biomaterialia 2025年 198卷 571-572页

作者： Shahriyari, Fatemeh Janmaleki, Mohsen Sharifi, Shahriar Hesar, Milad Eyvazi Hoshian, Sasha Taghiabadi, Reza Razaghian, Ahmad Ghadiri, Majid Peirovi, Afshin Mahmoudi, Morteza Nezhad, Amir Sanati Khademhosseini, Ali Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School CambridgeMA United States Division of Health Sciences & Technology Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering Imam Khomeini International University Qazvin Iran Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program University of Calgary Canada Precision Health Program and Department of Radiology Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States RWTH Aachen University Templergraben 55 Aachen52062 Germany Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering Espoo Finland Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Imam Khomeini International University Qazvin Iran Nano-Biotechnology Department Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran Departments of Bioengineering Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Radiological Sciences Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics California NanoSystems Institute University of California – Los Angeles Los AngelesCA United States Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation Los AngelesCA United States

The authors regret to report that the images for panels h (Plain PDMS) and I (MCF7-imprinted PDMS) in Fig. 3 were mistakenly taken from the same dataset, resulting in the omission of the correct image in panel h for the Plain PDMS day 7 image. We sincerely apologize for this error. For an accurate representation, please see the corrected Fig. 3 provided here along with its original figure caption. This does not affect the validity of the statistical analyses or the overall conclusions drawn from the study. © 2025

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Data-based tuning of bumpless feedforward for tracking of multi-phase trajectories with application to wire-bonding machine

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ISA Transactions 2025年 160卷 257-267页

作者： Xu, Yifan Chen, Silu Xu, Zhuang Zhang, Chi Wang, Weizhen Halim, Dunant Department of Mechanical Materials and Manufacturing Engineering The University of Nottingham Ningbo China 199 Taikang East Road Zhejiang Ningbo315100 China Zhejiang Provincial Key lab of Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment Technology Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences 1219 Zhongguan West Road Zhejiang Ningbo315201 China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Nottingham Ningbo China 199 Taikang East Road Zhejiang Ningbo315100 China Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute The University of Nottingham Ningbo China 199 Taikang East Road Zhejiang Ningbo315100 China

To improve the settling time for high-speed point-to-point motion, a piecewise-model feedforward controller is introduced which utilizes multiple inverse sub-models with bumpless transfer between them. As the transfer function of this bumpless feedforward controller is non-commutative and non-invertible, a set of special perturbation and reference inputs are designed to extract the signals required for computing the gradient of the cost function. In this way, the optimal parameters within different motion phases are found within an integrated process. It is experimentally demonstrated in a wire-bonding machine that the root-mean-square of tracking error is improved by at least 15.3% in settling phase by the proposed data-based tuning method with bumpless feedforward controller, compared with existing tuning methods with uniform feedforward controller. © 2025 International Society of Automation

关键词： Inverse problems

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Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles and hydrogen on the combustion, performance, and emissions of madhuca biodiesel in a diesel engine

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2025年

作者： Madhan Kumar, A. Senthil Nathan, K. Manickam, Selvaraj Gupta, Deepak Vikneswaran, M. Dhamodaran, Gopinath Seetharaman, Sathyanarayanan Thiagarajan, S. Al-Ansari, Mysoon M. Department of Mechanical Engineering Saveetha Engineering College Saveetha Nagar Thandalam Chennai India Department of Mechanical Engineering E.G.S. Pillay Engineering College Tamilnadu Nagapattinam611002 India Department of Automation and Robotics IMPACT College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Bangalore India Department of Mechanical Engineering Graphic Era Hill University Uttarakhand Dehradun248002 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Graphic Era Deemed to Be University Uttarakhand Dehradun248002 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Ramapuram Tamilnadu Chennai600089 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Easwari Engineering College Tamilnadu Chennai India Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box. 2455 Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia Centre for Sustainable Energy Technologies Easwari Engineering College Tamilnadu Chennai India Centre of Research SRM TRP Engineering College TiruchirapalliTamilnadu India

This study investigates the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with neat diesel, M20 (a blend of 20 % Madhuca oil and 80 % diesel), and M20 augmented with Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (50 ppm and 100 ppm), under dual-fuel conditions with a constant hydrogen flow rate of 10 LPM. The research aims to address the challenges of biodiesel adoption by leveraging TiO2 nanoparticles and hydrogen to optimize fuel efficiency and emissions. The results reveal that the M20 blend enhanced with 100 ppm TiO2 nanoparticles achieved a peak improvement in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 6.76 %, while simultaneously reducing brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 4.46 %, compared to the M20 blend. Also, emission analysis demonstrated significant reductions in hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, achieving decreases of 2.63 % and 8.53 %, respectively, with the same blend. The inclusion of hydrogen as a secondary fuel with M20 and 100 ppm TiO2 showed 24.23 % improved BTE and 8.32 % reduced BSFC, along with significant emissions reductions: 13.16 % HC, 19.02 % CO, and 4.04 % smoke opacity. However, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions increased by 12.67 % due to elevated in-cylinder temperatures with the M20 blend. These findings underscore the potential of Madhuca oil-based biodiesel, when enhanced with nanoparticles and hydrogen, to serve as a sustainable alternative to conventional diesel. By balancing improved performance and reduced environmental impact, this study offers valuable insights into achieving cleaner and more efficient combustion in diesel engines, contributing to the advancement of biofuel applications and emission compliance strategies. © 2025

关键词： Diesel engines

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Automated Parts Segmentation of Sperm via a Contrastive Learning-Based Part Matching Network

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IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and engineering 2025年 22卷 15314-15325页

作者： Chen, Wenyuan Song, Haocong Shan, Guanqiao Dai, Changsheng Liu, Hang Jiang, Aojun Sun, Chen Ru, Changhai Librach, Clifford Zhang, Zhuoran Sun, Yu University of Toronto Department of Computer Science TorontoONM5S 2E4 Canada University of Toronto Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering TorontoONM5S 3G8 Canada Dalian University of Technology Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems Liaoning Dalian China Suzhou University of Science and Technology School of Electronic and Information Engineering Suzhou215009 China CReATe Fertility Centre TorontoONM5G 1N8 Canada

Sperm morphology measurement is vital for diagnosing male infertility, which involves quantification of multiple subcellular parts for each sperm. Instance-aware part segmentation networks have been introduced to address this task by automatically identifying individual sperm and segmenting their subcellular parts. However, major limitations of state-of-the-art instance-aware part segmentation networks include: 1) they are time-consuming and computational expensive due to sequential processing and multi-stage frameworks;2) they perform poorly for densely packed sperm that overlap or cross over one another. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes 1) integrating instance identification and subcellular part segmentation within a single-stage framework to save inference time and memory usage;2) dividing a sperm target into simpler components (head and tail) to improve prediction accuracy, followed by a contrastive learning-based matching method to pair the head and tail. Experimental results on our clinically collected human sperm dataset demonstrated that the proposed network not only outperformed state-of-the-art CP-Net (by 3.5% APpvol) but also achieved realtime inference (48.0 frames per second), effectively meeting the clinical requirements for automated parts segmentation of sperm. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Towards Wearable Interfaces for Robotic Caregiving

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Padmanabha, Akhil Majidi, Carmel Erickson, Zackory Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University United States

Physically assistive robots in home environments can enhance the autonomy of individuals with impairments, allowing them to regain the ability to conduct self-care and household tasks. Individuals with physical limitations may find existing interfaces challenging to use, highlighting the need for novel interfaces that can effectively support them. In this work, we present insights on the design and evaluation of an active control wearable interface named HAT, Head-Worn Assistive Teleoperation. To tackle challenges in user workload while using such interfaces, we propose and evaluate a shared control algorithm named Driver Assistance. Finally, we introduce the concept of passive control, in which wearable interfaces detect implicit human signals to inform and guide robotic actions during caregiving tasks, with the aim of reducing user workload while potentially preserving the feeling of control. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Remote control

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BIRD: Battlefield-Integrated Reconnaissance Drone with VQA

BIRD: Battlefield-Integrated Reconnaissance Drone with VQA

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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Rayon, Nathan Menser, Kobi Catalano, Louis Vega, Jonathan Najarro, Julio Sevil, Hakki Erhan Department of Computer Science University of West Florida FL32514 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of West Florida FL32514 United States Catalano Aerospace LLC FL32502 United States Department of Intelligent Systems & Robotics University of West Florida FL32514 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

This paper introduces a new unmanned aerial system (UAS) design featuring coaxial rotors and tethered operation with a base station. The coaxial rotor configuration enhances stability and maneuverability, particularly in challenging environments. The tethered connection to a base station ensures prolonged flight duration and enables continuous power and data transmission. Moreover, the UAS incorporates a visual question answering (VQA) based target identification system. This system leverages advanced computer vision algorithms to analyze visual input from onboard cameras, coupled with natural language processing techniques to interpret and respond to queries regarding identified targets. The integration of VQA technology enables critical decision-making decisions through providing crucial information identify about targets in real-time scenarios. The new design has a significant potential for applications in surveillance, reconnaissance, search and rescue, and disaster response, as this design was conceptualized to provide persistent Intelligence, Reconnaissance & Surveillance (ISR) capabilities. Further analysis of the concept design was conducted to investigate the feasibility of novel design characteristics. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reconnaissance aircraft

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