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Influence of Biomimetic Apatite Coating on the Biobehavior of TiO_(2)Scaffolds

Journal of Bionic engineering 2024年第4期21卷 1975-1986页

作者： Shima Mahtabian Seyed Mehdi Mirhadi Nahid Hassanzadeh Nemati Melika Sharifi Fariborz Tavangarian Department of Biomedical Engineering University of DelawareNewarkDE19716USA Department of Ceramic Engineering Islamic Azad University(Shahreza Branch)ShahrezaIsfahan86145-311Iran Department of Biomedical Engineering Islamic Azad University(Science and Research Branch)TehranIran Mechanical Engineering Program School of ScienceEngineering and TechnologyPennsylvania State UniversityHarrisburgMiddletownPA17057USA Department of Materials Science&Engineering Islamic Azad University(Najaf Abad Branch)Najaf AbadIsfahan***Iran Biomedical Engineering Department Pennsylvania State UniversityState CollegeUniversity ParkPennsylvania16802USA

Immersion of scaffolds in Simulated Body Fluid(10SBF)is a standardized method for evaluating their bioactivity,simulating in vivo conditions where apatite deposits can be formed on the surface of scaffold,facilitating bone integration and ensuring their suitability for bone implant purposes,ultimately contributing to long-term implant *** effect of apatite deposition on bioactivity and cell behavior of TiO_(2)scaffolds was *** were soaked in 10SBF for different durations to form HAP layer on their *** results proved the development of a hydroxyapatite film resembling the mineral composition of bone Extracellular Matrix(ECM)on the TiO_(2)*** XRD test findings showed the presence of hydroxyapatite layer similar to bone at the depth of 10 nm.A decrease in the specific surface area(18.913 m^(2)g^(−1)),the total pore volume(0.045172 cm^(3)g^(−1)(at p/p0=0.990)),and the mean pore diameter(9.5537 nm),were observed by BET analysis which confirmed the formation of the apatite *** was found that titania scaffolds with HAP coating promoted human osteosarcoma bone cell(MG63)cell attachment and *** seems that immersing the scaffolds in 10SBF to form HAP coating before utilizing them for bone tissue engineering applications might be a good strategy to promote bioactivity,cell attachment,and implant fixation.

关键词： Titania Hierarchical meso/macro porous 10SBF Biomimetic apatite Coating

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The Influence of Silicon Dioxide as a Fuel Additive in a Diesel Engine Fuelled by Pure Palm Oil 4

The Influence of Silicon Dioxide as a Fuel Additive in a Die...

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4th International Symposium on Advances and Innovation in mechanical engineering, ISAIME 2023

作者： Prahmana, Rico Aditia Darmanto, Prihadi Setyo Reksowardojo, Iman Kartolaksono Prakoso, Tirto Juangsa, Firman Bagja Doctoral Program of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung40132 Indonesia Program Study of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology Institut Teknologi Sumatera South Lampung35365 Indonesia Thermal Science and Engineering Research Group Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung40132 Indonesia Program Study of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology Universitas Pertamina Jakarta12220 Indonesia

In the last decade, the Indonesian government has implemented a program to use biodiesel as a substitute for fossil diesel to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. On the other hand, the development of biodiesel as an alternative fuel to replace fossil diesel has several challenges, one of which is the production of biodiesel, which is more complicated and requires a long process. However, the direct use of crude palm oil (CPO) in diesel engines is not recommended because it has many drawbacks. Research recently shows that fuel additives in diesel engines have promising prospects. Therefore, to solve the problem, this study used pure palm oil (PPaO) as the primary fuel, with the addition of silicon oxide (SiO2) as a fuel additive in diesel engines. The results showed that using SiO2 additive in PPaO can increase thermal efficiency by 18.8% at 60% load compared to diesel fuel (DF). Nevertheless, using this fuel increased specific fuel consumption (SFC) by 3.9% on average and increased the opacity by 153% compared to diesel fuel. These results indicate that SiO2 has the potential to be developed as an effective additive to PPaO fuel that can improve the efficiency and performance of diesel engines. © 2025 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biodiesel

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Low-cost chemical surface smoothing of CO2 laser-etched acrylic using WELD ON 4 acrylic solvent cement

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International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 2025年第5期138卷 2245-2255页

作者： Moncada, Luis H. Safaripour, Samira Hutter, Tanya Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States

With the increasing use of micro-manufactured devices and the demand for low-cost fabrication techniques, this study presents a simple and scalable surface polishing method for laser etched acrylic using WELD-ON 4 acrylic solvent cement, a solvent typically used for bonding thermoplastics. The method’s effectiveness was evaluated by treating acrylic samples up to three times and analyzing changes in transparency, surface roughness average (Ra), luminescence, and wettability. Results show that even a single treatment significantly improved surface smoothness, reduced light scattering, and brought contact angle and optical clarity closer to those of unetched acrylic. After three treatments, the surface became isotropic, with laser-etched lines disappearing. Specifically, a 60% reduction in Ra was observed in the direction perpendicular to the etched lines, while the parallel direction initially showed a similar trend, followed by a slight increase attributed to the formation of surface irregularities caused by the re-solidification of dissolved acrylic. Contact angle measurements indicated that the surface remained hydrophilic, with controllable wettability based on the number of treatments. Overall, this method provides a low-cost, cleanroom-free solution for improving the surface finish of laser-fabricated acrylic components. Its compatibility with complex or recessed geometries makes it particularly suitable for microfluidic devices and other precision applications requiring both optical clarity and controlled surface properties. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Carbon dioxide lasers

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Advancing optothermal manipulation:decoupling temperature and flow fields in quasi-isothermal microscale streaming

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第9期12卷 1713-1714页

作者： Youngsun Kim Yuebing Zheng Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA

By decoupling temperature and flow fields through symmetry-correlated laser scan sequences,ISO-FLUCS enables quasi-isothermal optofluidic microscale *** technique offers precise control over fluid manipulation while m... 详细信息

关键词： thermal isothermal flow

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Structural Analysis of Thumb Mechanism Exoskeleton Design for Post-Stroke Rehabilitation

Structural Analysis of Thumb Mechanism Exoskeleton Design fo...

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2023 International Conference on Advanced Mechatronics, Intelligent Manufacture and Industrial Automation, ICAMIMIA 2023

作者： Qoryah, Rika Dwi Hidayatul Guntur, Harus Laksana Nurhadi, Hendro Prastyo, Handri Kristianta, Franciscus Xaverius Chandika, Shendy Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Graduate Program of Mechanical Engineering Department Surabaya Indonesia Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Mechanical Engineering Department Surabaya Indonesia Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Mechanical Engineering Department Surabaya Indonesia University of Jember Undergraduate Program Mechanical Engineering Department Jember Indonesia University of Jember Mechanical Engineering Department Jember Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350309225

Stroke is the second cause of death and the third cause of disability in the world. Stroke is a disease caused by a clot in the artery that supplies blood to the brain (ischemia). Rehabilitation is a solution to restore the function of parts of the body that have been disturbed by a stroke. Therefore, exoskeleton robots for stroke therapy are one solution to provide good rehabilitation. The exoskeleton robot supports healthy human hand movements and considers the safety and comfort factors during rehabilitation. The exoskeleton in this research uses a cable and sheath transmission mechanism with a locally situated motor as a design mechanism that guarantees safety and comfort. The design strength can be determined using ANSYS static structural assistance software so that the maximum stress in links 1, 2, and 3 is known within safe limits with anthropometric loading. Apart from that, the static structural simulation results show that link 1 can withstand a maximum load of 20 N or more in the X-axis loading, a load of 15 N in the Y-axis loading, and a load of 15 N in the Y-axis loading, and a load of 10 N in the Z-axis loading. Link 2 can withstand a maximum load of 10 N in the X-axis load and 20 N or more in the Y-axis load. Meanwhile, link 3 can withstand a maximum load of 20 N in the X-axis load and below 10 N in the Y-axis load. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Finite element method

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Change of Electrical and Transport Properties of Nickel Oxide by Carrier Concentration and Temperature through First‑Principle Calculations

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2023年第4期6卷 109-118页

作者： Nayem Md.Reza Shah Chang‑Dong Yeo Minyeong Choi Yang‑Ki Hong Jeong H.You Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTX 79409USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Material Science Ph.D.Program The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA Department of Mechanical Engineering School of EngineeringUniversity of St.ThomasSt.PaulMN 55105USA

Nickel is typically used as one of the main components in electrical contact devices or *** oxide(NiO)is usually formed on the surfaces of electrodes and can negatively impact system performance by introducing electrical contact *** thermal,electrical,and transport properties of NiO,as a Mott insulator or a p-type semiconductor,can be altered by operating and environmental conditions such as temperature and stress/strain by *** this study,we inves-tigate the fundamental material properties of NiO through the first-principle ***,we obtain and compare the lattice parameter,magnetic moment,and electronic structure for NiO via the WIEN2K simulations with four different poten-tials(i.e.,GGA,GGA+U,LSDA,and LSDA+U).Then,using the WIEN2K simulation results with LSDA+U potential that produces a highly accurate bandgap for NiO,we calculate the electrical conductivity and electrical part of the thermal conductivity of nickel and NiO as a function of temperature and carrier concentration through the BoltzTraP *** simulation results revealed that the electrical conductivity relative to the relaxation time for NiO increases with the carrier concentration,while it shows a slightly decreasing trend with temperature under a fixed carrier *** contrast,the electrical part of the thermal conductivity shows an increasing trend considering carrier concentration and temperature.

关键词： Nickel oxide Magnetic moments Density of states Seebeck coefcient Electrical conductivity

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Investigating the Response of Ferrofluid Droplets in a Uniform Rotating Magnetic Field: Towards Splitting and Merging 6

Investigating the Response of Ferrofluid Droplets in a Unifo...

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6th International Conference on Manipulation, Automation, and robotics at Small Scales, MARSS 2023

作者： Youesfi, Masoud Sarkhosh, Mohammad Hosein Bijarchi, Mohamad Ali Pishkenari, Hossein Nejat Sharif University of Technology Nano-robotics Laboratory Mechanical Engineering Department Tehran Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9798350330397

Ferrofluid droplets are of great importance due to their ability to be manipulated by magnetic actuation, enabling progress in various areas, such as nanotechnology, robotics, and optics. Moving, splitting, and merging the ferrofluid droplets need a comprehensive analysis of the behavior of the ferrofluid droplets in a magnetic field. Here, we analyze the response of ferrofluid droplets when they are under the effect of a uniform rotating magnetic field. A water-based ferrofluid droplet is immersed in a high-viscosity fluid, and the frequency of the applied field is changed from 0.01 to 0.30 Hz for performing experiments. Three distinct types of motion are observed during experiments: pure rotation at a low-frequency magnetic field, splitting the droplet at medium frequency field, and merging the small droplets into one droplet at high frequency. The responses of ferrofluid droplets are explained through the interaction of surface tension, drag, and magnetic force. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Drops

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Origami engineering

NATURE REVIEWS METHODS PRIMERS

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NATURE REVIEWS METHODS PRIMERS 2024年第1期4卷 1页

作者： [Anonymous] Department of Civil Environmental and Mechanical Engineering University of Trento Trento Italy Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai India Department of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics Peking University Beijing China Independent Researcher Paris France School of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin China Division of Engineering and Applied Science California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ USA Princeton Materials Institute (PMI) Princeton University Princeton NJ USA

This PrimeView highlights the various real-world applications of origami engineering, ranging from robotics to medical devices, architecture and space technology.

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Hierarchical Sponge-Hydrogel Hybrid Structures with Robust Interfaces

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2023年第20期41卷 2635-2640页

作者： Pei Zhang Guangda Chen Xingmei Chen Junfei Xing Yue Tao Ji Liu Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong518055 China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems Department of Mechanical and Energy EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong518055 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong518055 China

Soft materials including elastomers and hydrogels are playing critical roles in a variety of fields,including bioelectrodes,batteries,supercapacitors,biomedical scaffolds,and solar vapor *** hydrophobic sponges(i.e.,mechanical robustness,elasticity and macroscopic porous structure)and hydrophilic hydrogels(i.e.,autonomous water absorption and transportation,biocompatibility)within one unit could readily combine the complementary characters from each component,making a number of future research directions and applications *** propose a simple yet effective strategy to construct sponge-hydrogel hybrid structures with robust hydrophobic-hydrophilic *** sponge scaffold imparts the sponges-hydrogel hybrids with desirable mechanical robustness,elasticity and macroscopic *** the other hand,the incorporated hydrogel component endows the hybrids with high water content(98 wt%hydrogel and 2 wt%sponge),superior compatibility,and nanoscale pores allowing for storage and transportation of various chemical and biological *** further demonstrate that the introduction of hydrophilic hydrogel components could effectively improve the liquid absorption capability,blood coagulation rate,hemostatic capacity and hemocompatibility,thus promising as hemostatic agents.

关键词： Sponge-hydrogel hybrid Interface Hierarchical Robustness Liquid absorption Gels Polymer Composites Materials Science

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Deep Learning-Based Weed Detection for Precision Agriculture Applications 6

Deep Learning-Based Weed Detection for Precision Agriculture...

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6th International Conference on robotics and Automation in Industry, ICRAI 2024

作者： Ahmed, Saaim Ali, Muhammad Waris Arshad, Muhammad Ali Khan, Shahbaz ARL National University of Sciences and Technology Aerial Robotics Lab Department of Mechanical Engineering Islamabad Pakistan ARL National University of Sciences and Technology Aerial Robotics Lab Department of Robotics and AI Islamabad Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350355703

Weed detection and management is an intricate and formidable challenge, affecting the efficiency of human agricultural practices. Object detection has merged as a key technique in precision-based agriculture for combatting this issue. This paper analyzes the performance of two cutting-edge object detection models namely YOLOv8x and Faster RCNN on a specialized weed-detection dataset. By leveraging transfer learning, these models proved computationally feasible and accurate. The models were built and trained in a Kaggle environment, promoting a more collaborative approach to developing and implementing deep-learning models. The Faster RCNN model showcased a comparatively better mAP as compared to the YOLOv8x model. This paper highlights the significance of advanced models like Faster RCNN and YOLOv8x for precision agriculture while advocating for further research in deep-learning techniques for promoting resource-efficient agricultural and farming practices. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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