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2023 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium, ESTS 2023

作者： Taher, Dhyogo M. Balmant, Wellington Och, Stephan H. Pitz, Diogo B. Venter, Giuliana S. Filho, Lucio C. Martins, Lauber S. Vargas, Jose V. C. Ordonez, Juan C. Federal University of Paraná Ufpr Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering Sustainable Energy Research and Development Center PR Curitiba81531-980 Brazil Maringá State University Uem Department of Chemical Engineering PR Maringá87020-900 Brazil Advent Health University Ahu Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences OrlandoFL32803 United States Center for Advanced Power Systems and Energy Sustainability Center Florida State University Fsu Department of Mechanical Engineering TallahasseeFL32310 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665465151

A mathematical model of a sustainable H2 generation reactor that utilizes aluminum and seawater is introduced. Conservation of species and the kinetics of the H2 production reaction from aluminum and seawater allowed for obtaining the process transient response in a batch reactor. Continuous steady state production was assessed by adding a balance of energy, allowing for reactants inlet mass flow rates, and calculating the outlet H2 mass flow (generation) rate. The theoretical H2 production curve data showed good quantitative and qualitative agreement with experimental data. The validated mathematical model was then used to optimize the continuous reactor. The maximum was sharp, since an 85% variation between the maximum and the smallest H2 generation rate value as a function of the inlet NaOH solution volumetric flow rate tested range was verified. Such fundamental result stresses the importance of operating the system at the optimal condition, no matter how complex the actual reactor design may be. Since aluminum is inexpensive, abundant, and fully recyclable, in situ sustainable H2 production could allow for fuel cell stacks to become all electric ships (AES) power sources. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Aluminum

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Effect of silver/zinc co-dopant on enhancing cytotoxicity and antibacterial property of spray pyrolyzed bioactive glasses

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Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies 2024年第1期12卷 104-116页

作者： Ningsih, Henni Setia Vietanti, Frizka Wong, Chin-Chean Chou, Yu-Jen Department of Mechanical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Orthopedics Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital New Taipei Taiwan Department of Orthopedics School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Research Center of Biomedical Devices Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan

Owing to the advancement of bioactive materials, bioactive glasses (BGs) are progressively being recognized as promising choices in fields of bone and tissue engineering with their superior properties such as bioactivity and biocompatibility. However, their applications are limited by the fact that the material itself does not possess antibacterial properties. To address this limitation, antibacterial BGs with silver-zinc co-dopant were proposed and successfully synthesized via the one-step spray pyrolysis technique in this work. The phase composition, chemical composition, surface morphology, and nanoscale structures of the obtained BG specimens were characterized using X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, in-vitro bioactivity was assessed through immersion of the SBF solution, while the in-vitro antibacterial property was examined using Escherichia coli bacteria. Meanwhile, the viability of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Finally, the results showed positive effects of zinc addition, and the influence of silver and zinc dopants on the in-vitro bioactivity, antibacterial property, and cell viability were discussed. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group on behalf of The Korean Ceramic Society and The Ceramic Society of Japan.

关键词： Spray pyrolysis

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A Swinging, Variable-Length Soft Tail from 3D Printed Origami: Steps Toward Bioinspired Robot Walking

A Swinging, Variable-Length Soft Tail from 3D Printed Origam...

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IEEE International Conference on Soft robotics (RoboSoft)

作者： Taekyoung Kim Melinda Chen Ryan L. Truby Department of Materials Science and Engineering McCormick School of Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL United States Center for Robotics and Biosystems McCormick School of Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA United States Department of Mechanical Engineering McCormick School of Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL United States

ISBN: (数字)9798331520205

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520212

Tails are flexible appendages that many vertebrates use for balance, gait stabilization, thrust generation, and more. While robots rarely have them, soft walking robots may benefit from a tail that stabilizes locomotion in unstructured terrains. We present a tendon-driven, soft robotic tail capable of swinging and shortening to change the momentum and center of mass of a robot body. The tail comprises three origami bellows fully 3D printed from thermoplastic polyurethane. The bellows are highly compressible, allowing motorized tendon actuators to shorten the tail by 110 mm, or 30% of the tail’s initial length. The tail’s flexibility also enables large swinging motions, which are achieved by alternatively pulling and releasing two tendons routing at the sides of the bellows structures. Since the tail’s servo motors are at its end, the tail can generate up to 0.5 N•m torque while swinging. In this paper, we characterize the tail’s range of adjustable lengths, the swinging motions it can produce, and the torque it generates. Swinging and torque generation are evaluated at several different initial tail lengths. Finally, we demonstrate the tail’s controllability through a closed proportional-integral-derivative (PID) feedback controller. This work sets in motion future investigations of how vertebrate-inspired tails can enhance the mobility and stability of (soft) robot walking.

关键词： Legged locomotion Bellows Torque Soft robotics Three-dimensional printing Routing Controllability PD control Servomotors Tendons

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Upgrading the Quality of Solid Fuel Made from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) Wastes Using Hydrothermal Carbonization Treatment

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Energy engineering 2021年第1期118卷 189-197页

作者： Riina Syivarulli Nugroho Agung Pambudi Mochamad Syamsiro Lip Huat Saw Graduate Program of Vocational Teacher Education Sebelas Maret UniversitySurakarta57126Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Education Sebelas Maret UniversitySurakarta57126Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Janabadra UniversityYogyakarta55231Indonesia Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science UTARKajang43000Malaysia

One of the major problems faced in managing biomass waste to higher quality products is choosing the right *** are used as an alternative fuel,with increase in the calorific *** carbonization(HTC)is a biomass conversion technology,used to obtain solid *** study aims to utilize of Calophyllum inophyllum as an alternative solid fuel through *** calorific value and proximate of the hydrochar will be determined and analyzed to find out its *** experiments were carried out at temperature variations of 160℃,190℃,and 220℃ and holding times of 30 and 60 *** results show that an increase in temperature and holding time causes a decline in the moisture content 1.87%,volatile matter 54.03%,and ash content 12.35%,respectively,leading to elevations in the fixed carbon at 31.75%.In addition,the highest calorific value of 4149 Kcal/Kg was produced at a temperature of 220℃,within a holding time of 60 *** results showed a significant increase in the quality of solid fuels between 3500–4611 Kcal/Kg in accordance with the American Standard Testing and Materials(ASTM).Therefore,this research leads to an important finding that Calophyllum inophyllum waste through the HTC process can be used as an alternative fuel to substitute lignite coal,which is environmentally friendly.

关键词： Hydrothermal carbonization solid fuel Calophyllum inophyllum Nyamplung

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Graphene-functionalized textile composites for wearable Joule heating applications

Advanced Nanocomposites

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Advanced Nanocomposites 2025年 2卷 108-123页

作者： Omar Faruk Abbas Ahmed Ashfaqul Hoque Khadem Lu Jia Luyi Sun Department of Materials Science and Engineering Binghamton University State University of New York at Binghamton NY 13902 USA Polymer Program Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA Department Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Computing and Applied Science Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA College of Textile Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Jinzhong Shanxi 030600 China

Thermal comfort is essential for maintaining physiological well-being, with textile materials traditionally serving as the primary medium for regulating heat exchange between the body and its environment. However, conventional textiles often fall short of maintaining optimal thermal balance. So, there is an increasing demand for advanced thermoregulation systems that can effectively reduce heat loss and enhance warmth, ensuring consistent comfort. Recent research has highlighted the promise of advanced functional materials, especially graphene and its composites, for modifying textiles to improve thermal properties. This article comprehensively reviews recent advancements in graphene-functionalized textile composites, focusing on their applications in wearable Joule heaters designed for personalized thermal comfort or thermal therapy. Various graphene-functionalized textile composites are reviewed from the perspectives of material properties, processing strategies and device fabrication methods. Key challenges and future opportunities are summarized for graphene-functionalized textile-based Joule heaters as innovative solutions in wearable thermal regulation.

关键词： Graphene Textile Composite Wearable electronics Joule heater

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Acoustic Reflector-Integrated Encapsulation for Needle-Aligned Ultrasound-Guided PCNL Access

Acoustic Reflector-Integrated Encapsulation for Needle-Align...

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IEEE Symposium (IUS) Ultrasonics

作者： Abhinav Palisetti Alexander King Cabot Priestner Haohao Yi Yichuan Tang Ryo Murakami Haichong K. Zhang Biomedical Engineering Department Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA Mechanical Engineering Department Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA Robotics Engineering Department Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a procedure to remove kidney stones by needle insertion into the kidney followed by dilation of the needle path for surgical tools to enter and stones to be removed. Current techniques for needle insertion either do not visualize the needle entry point into tissue, or require careful hand-hand coordination to visualize the needle. This research aims to develop a stable system to visualize the entire needle insertion path during ultrasound-guided PCNL. A novel method, designed by Tang et al. (2022), implemented two parallel acoustic reflectors to reflect ultrasound into the patient, and a needle inserted through a gap between the reflectors. Results showed the ability to visualize the needle path at any needle pitch angle, and, most importantly, the ability to visualize the needle from its insertion point to the target. In this current research, a modular design was created that allowed any probe to fit into the system by altering just three components. Several structural modifications were made to make the system waterproof, allowing the fluid material that housed the reflectors to be replaced with a fluid with better sound transmission. An algorithm was created to allow better needle tip and needle path visualization by analyzing raw image data. Custom acoustic impedance-matched materials were used to allow better sound transmission and better image quality. Through multiple tests and a mathematical model, the team developed an optimal combination of materials that produced the best image quality, determined through Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), and Full-Width Half-Maximum (FWHM).

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Magnetoelastic coupling driven magnon gap in a honeycomb antiferromagnet

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Physical Review B 2024年第10期110卷 104419页

作者： Jeongheon Choe Andrey Baydin Gaihua Ye Bowen Ma Cynthia Nnokwe Martin Rodriguez-Vega David Lujan Swati Chaudhary Fuyang Tay Jiaming He Hiroyuki Nojiri Jianshi Zhou Gregory A. Fiete Junichiro Kono Rui He Xiaoqin Li Department of Physics Center of Complex Quantum Systems Center for Dynamics and Control of Materials Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Smalley–Curl Institute Department of Physics Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley–Curl Institute Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Materials Research Department of Physics and Astronomy Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering

Cobalt titanate, CoTiO3, is a honeycomb antiferromagnet recently confirmed experimentally to host Dirac magnons, topological spin-orbit excitons, and chiral phonons. Here, we investigate a magnon gap at the zone center which calls for a refined spin Hamiltonian. We propose a microscopic model for the magnon gap and attribute it to a lattice-distortion (phonon)-induced higher-order spin interaction. Strong magnetoelastic coupling in CoTiO3 is also evident in Raman spectra, in which the magnetic order exerts a stronger influence on phonons corresponding to in-plane ionic motions than those with out-of-plane motions. We further examine the evolution of the zone-center magnons in a high magnetic field up to 18.5 T via THz absorption spectroscopy measurements. Based on this field dependence, we propose a spin Hamiltonian that not only agrees with magnon dispersion measured by inelastic neutron scattering but also includes fewer exchange constants and a realistic anisotropy term. Our work highlights the broad implications of magnetoelastic coupling in the study of topologically protected bosonic excitations.

关键词： Magnetism Magnons Topological materials Raman spectroscopy Terahertz spectroscopy

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High-efficiency and chemical-free microplastic recovery from laundry effluent using parallel and series acoustic focusing systems

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Chemical engineering Journal 2025年 517卷

作者： Ohori, Yuimaru Iwadare, Yuki Nakayama, Akemi Akiyama, Yoshitake Department of Biomedical Engineering of Science and Technology Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano386-8567 Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano386-8567 Japan

Microplastic fibers (MPFs) released from synthetic textiles during laundering are recognized as a dominant contributor to microplastic (MP) pollution in aquatic environments. Conventional wastewater treatment systems are not designed to capture low-density, fiber-shaped MPs, leading to their widespread environmental release. This study introduces a compact and scalable MP recovery system based on acoustic focusing, designed for chemical-free, continuous, and high-throughput separation. The system integrates a 10-tube parallel separation unit with a three-stage serial concentration module. This configuration achieves a flow rate of 100 mL/min and over 1000-fold enrichment of MP particles. Acoustic radiation forces focus MPs to the centerline of each stainless steel tube, enabling selective extraction without the need for filters, coagulants, or surfactants. Experiments using polystyrene and polyethylene particles, synthetic fibers, and actual laundry effluent confirmed the robustness and versatility of the system. Recovery efficiencies exceeded 90 % across a wide range of particle sizes (13–100 µm), including flexible fibrous MPs. The compact footprint of the device—approximately half the size of an A4 sheet and 2 cm thick—facilitates modular integration and on-site deployment. Compared to existing MP removal methods, this approach offers low maintenance, continuous operation, and high compatibility with domestic wastewater. Overall, this work demonstrates the technical feasibility of acoustic focusing for MP recovery and provides a practical platform for decentralized or household-scale wastewater treatment applications. These results suggest that the developed system could serve as an effective solution for mitigating MP pollution, thereby contributing to sustainable water treatment technologies at both household and industrial scales. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Laundering

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Design and Control Co-Optimization for Automated Design Iteration of Dexterous Anthropomorphic Soft Robotic Hands

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Mannam, Pragna Liu, Xingyu Zhao, Ding Oh, Jean Pollard, Nancy Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University PA15213 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University PA15213 United States

We automate soft robotic hand design iteration by co-optimizing design and control policy for dexterous manipulation skills in simulation. Our design iteration pipeline combines genetic algorithms and policy transfer to learn control policies for nearly 400 hand designs, testing grasp quality under external force disturbances. We validate the optimized designs in the real world through teleoperation of pickup and reorient manipulation tasks. Our real world evaluation, from over 900 teleoperated tasks, shows that the trend in design performance in simulation resembles that of the real world. Furthermore, we show that optimized hand designs from our approach outperform existing soft robot hands from prior work in the real world. The results highlight the usefulness of simulation in guiding parameter choices for anthropomorphic soft robotic hand systems, and the effectiveness of our automated design iteration approach, despite the sim-to-real gap. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Robotic arms

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Design and Develop a Vertical Box Smart Farm based on programmable Logic Controller

Design and Develop a Vertical Box Smart Farm based on Progra...

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International Conference on Advanced robotics and Mechatronics (ICARM)

作者： Thananop Tummawai Peeraput Prakhummin Kittisak Ledkaew Anocha Phongsatja Witayakorn Lunsungyang Somboon Sukpancharoen Department of Mechanical Engineering Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand Department of Automation Robotics and Intelligent Systems Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand Department of Agricultural Engineering Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9798350385724

ISBN: (纸本)9798350385731

Agriculture plays an indispensable role in daily life, and presently, soilless cultivation techniques such as hydroponics enjoy widespread popularity. In efforts to advance this methodology, we have implemented a sophisticated programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) system tailored for Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) hydroponic cultivation within a greenhouse setting. This system incorporates a diverse array of sensors designed to measure crucial parameters including water temperature, Electrical Conductivity (EC), and Potential of Hydrogen ion ($\mathbf{p H}$) levels. The PLCs is meticulously programmed to oversee and regulate the entire cultivation process seamlessly. Additionally, integration of a Raspberry Pi facilitates Internet of Things (IoT) functionalities, thereby enhancing convenience and enabling remote monitoring capabilities. We aim to conduct a comparative analysis between two distinct greenhouse systems: one under the control of the PLC, and the other devoid of such automated control, in order to discern and evaluate the disparities in plant growth and development between them. The study focuses on key variables such as canopy width and leaf count of Green Oak Lettuce over a 5 -week period, with the primary environmental factors influencing these variables being the levels of EC and pH in the nutrient solution. The findings of this study will provide valuable insights into the benefits of environmental control in greenhouse-based hydroponic cultivation of green oak lettuce, contributing to the advancement of sustainable and efficient agricultural practices.

关键词： Temperature sensors Temperature measurement Green products programmable logic devices Hydroponics Nutrients Stability analysis Internet of Things Remote monitoring Sensor arrays

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