Discrete and periodic contact switching is a key characteristic of steady-state legged locomotion. This letter introduces a framework for modeling and analyzing this contact-switching behavior through the framework of...
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The phenomenon of oxygen adsorption induced surface restructuring is widespread across various metal-oxygen systems, yet its impact on initiating bulk oxide formation remains largely unexplored. Through in situ atomic...
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The phenomenon of oxygen adsorption induced surface restructuring is widespread across various metal-oxygen systems, yet its impact on initiating bulk oxide formation remains largely unexplored. Through in situ atomic-resolution electron microscopy observations of surface oxidation of Cu(110) and Cu85Au15(110), we unveil intermittent oxide-film growth modulated by oxygen-induced surface restructuring. This modulation is evidenced by repeated pinning of the Cu2O growth front at isolated Cu columns of the c(6×2)-O reconstruction, owing to required long-range diffusion of Cu and O atoms to the Cu2O growth front. We reveal that Cu vacancies, generated at the Cu2O growth front, are injected into the Cu2O/Cu interface, inducing hill and valley undulation of the Cu2O film. In contrast, atomic vacancies produced during the Cu85Au15(110) oxidation preferentially migrate into interfaces between Au-rich and Au-poor regions in the bulk, resulting in a flat and adherent Cu2O film. These findings demonstrate the critical role of oxygen-induced surface restructuring in modulating oxide film growth kinetics and the manipulability of the fate of injected vacancies by alloying, thereby offering insights applicable to a broader range of metal-oxygen systems for fine-tuning oxidation kinetics and enhancing oxide/metal interfacial adhesion.
The spread of the coronavirus has been the focus the world's attention. The government has issued a new regulation on the coronavirus that obligates the entire community to always wear a face mask and implement so...
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The process of educating and learning about the automotive industry is still ongoing, and one of the most effective techniques is the provision of direct practice. Such a system is regarded as effective, albeit with c...
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Transporting payload with precise swing angles and transfer times poses a challenging task in building construction, which is why gantry crane systems are extensively utilized. Various control strategies, including op...
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This paper deals with the vibration characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) when there is time-varying load generated in the reciprocating compressor. As the reciprocating mechanism is necessary...
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Laser beam machining is a non-traditional manufacturing method which melts, vaporizes and thermally changes the characteristics of the material by focusing a monochromatic coherent light beam on the workpiece. This re...
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Cooling tower is a heat transfer device that works through water media, along with air used to cool the temperature using water media with direct contact with air which causes some of the water to evaporate. To improv...
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In the recent days, super alloys especially nickel based materials are used more than 50% of aerospace gas turbine components such as turbine disc, blades etc., It becomes very hard to shape these materials with the u...
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Currently, researchers are concentrating their attention on design for manufacturing, design for assembly, design for cost and design for quality, design for complexity, design for reconfiguration, design for sustaina...
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