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Continuous sign language recognition using intra-inter gloss attention

Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-19页

作者： Ranjbar, Hossein Taheri, Alireza Social and Cognitive Robotics Lab. Mechanical Engineering Department Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran

Many continuous sign language recognition (CSLR) studies adopt transformer-based architectures for sequence modeling due to their powerful capacity for capturing global contexts. Nevertheless, vanilla self-attention, which serves as the core module of the transformer, performs context-aware weighted aggregation over all time steps. Therefore, the local temporal semantics of sign videos may not be fully exploited. This study introduces a novel module for sign language recognition, the intra-inter gloss attention module, designed to leverage relationships among frames within glosses and to capture the semantic and grammatical dependencies between glosses in the video. In the intra-gloss attention module, the video is divided into equally sized chunks, and a self-attention mechanism is applied within each chunk. This localized self-attention significantly reduces complexity and eliminates noise introduced by considering non-relative frames, and achieves a 0.6 improvement in WER based on the baseline model while increasing inference speed by 20%. In the inter-gloss attention module, the chunk-level features within each gloss chunk are initially aggregated by average pooling along the temporal dimension, which leads to a 0.7 improvement in WER. Subsequently, multi-head self-attention is applied to all chunk-level features. Given the non-significance of the signer-environment interaction, we utilize segmentation module to remove the background of the videos. This enables the proposed model to direct its focus toward the signer and achieve an additional 1.5 improvement in WER. Experimental results on the PHOENIX-2014 benchmark dataset demonstrate that our method can effectively extract sign language features in an end-to-end manner without any prior knowledge, improve the accuracy of CSLR, and achieve the word error rate (WER) of 20.4 on the test set which is a competitive result compare to the state-of-the-art which uses additional supervisions. © The Author(s), under exc

关键词： Semantics

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Toward smart manufacturing systems incorporating reconfiguration issues

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International Journal of Industrial and Systems engineering 2024年第1期46卷 1-33页

作者： Garbie, Ibrahim H. Garbie, Abdelrahman I. Department of Mechanical Engineering-Industrial Engineering Program College of Engineering at Helwan Helwan University Cairo Egypt Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Louisiana at Lafayette LafayetteLA United States

Nowadays, Industry 4.0 will become urgently implemented in most developed countries, although it is still mainly conceptual. As there are three different aspects making up Industry 4.0 (I4.0), such as digital systems, biological systems, and physical systems, most of the research published works were focused on mainly the first one. The smart manufacturing system (SMS) is not an invention, although it is representing the heart of I4.0. The SMS is a rebirth of a new version and innovation of production systems taken into consideration reconfiguring the existing manufacturing systems through adding machines with sensors, actuators, and control architectures for achieving the ultimate goals of I4.0. There are many challenges when reconfiguring these systems as an essential requirement to implement I4.0, representing the degree of individual system complexity, reconfigurable machines, material handling systems, system layout, competitive manufacturing strategies, leanness agility, and embedded systems (cyber-physical systems). In this paper, a new perspective of reconfiguring manufacturing systems will be figured out, and the reconfigurability level toward I4.0 will be presented. © 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Industry 4.0

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Exploring the role of graphene filler on mechanical properties of cotton/viscose hybrid composites

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Interactions 2024年第1期245卷 1-9页

作者： K, Arunkumar S, Seenivasan M S, Sureshkumar C, Chanakyan Bordoloi, Namrata P, Ramkumar Department of Mechanical Engineering MVJ College of Engineering College Bangalore560067 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Rathinam Technical Campus Coimbatore641021 India Department of Robotics and Automation Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College Coimbatore641022 India Department of Mechanical Engineering.Kalasalingam Academey of Research and Education Virudhunagar India

The work intends to prepare a cotton/viscose fabric-reinforced hybrid composite (CVFRHC) using a compression moulding process using graphene as a filler material and investigate the mechanical characteristics of the composite, including its tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and hardness. The graphene filler was combined with the matrix material in several proportions: 1 weight% (wt%), 2 wt%, and 3 wt%. It was found that the mechanical characteristics of the composite were enhanced by the filler addition. With an increased tensile strength of 70.9 MPa and flexural strength of 384 MPa, the hybrid composite containing 3-weight% graphene was shown to be effective. The addition of 3 wt% resulted in improvements of 10.6% in tensile strength and 9.6% in flexural strength. The graphene as a nano filler used to enhance the mechanical properties of the polymer matrix compisites. This is due to the proper dispersion of graphene filler with the polymer matrix which leads to enhance the interfacial bonding between the hybrid matrix and the hybrid fibres. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Hybrid composites

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Recent Advancement in Bioabsorbable Metals and Their Alloys for Implant Application—a Review

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D 2024年 1-17页

作者： Kadam, K.S. Gadakh, V.S. Department of Mechanical Engineering Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil College of Engineering Ahmednagar414111 India Department of Automation and Robotics Engineering Amrutvahini College of Engineering Sangamner Ahmednagar422608 India

The emergence of bioabsorbable implant materials has generated significant enthusiasm in medical and engineering research. The present systematic review study thoroughly examines the development, characteristics, uses, and difficulties associated with bioabsorbable materials, specifically emphasizing magnesium, zinc, iron, and alloys. Bioabsorbable implant materials have become popular in orthopaedic and dental surgery because they enhance tissue regeneration while minimizing foreign body responses. Using bioabsorbable implant materials can lessen the requirement for implant removal operations while also improving patient outcomes. Developing bioabsorbable implant materials is a fascinating field of study with the potential to transform medical implant technology. The present systematic review study thoroughly examines the development, characteristics, uses, and difficulties associated with bioabsorbable materials, specifically emphasizing magnesium, zinc, iron, and alloys. The novelty of the present review is that a roadmap for future research is outlined. Thus, the present review thoroughly analyses the latest discoveries in bioabsorbable materials, providing valuable insights that could improve implant technology and significantly transform medical treatments and patient care. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2024.

关键词： Magnesium alloys

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Effects of Addition of Graphite on the Tribological Behaviour of Al7075-SiC Hybrid Composites Using Design of Experiments

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Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion 2024年第3期10卷 1-11页

作者： Gudipalli, Krishna Reddy V Chapke, Yashwant Guddhur, Hareesha Doddamani, Saleemsab Department of Mechanical Engineering Government Polytechnic Channasandra Karnataka Bangalore India Department of Automation & amp Robotics JSPM’S Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering Maharashtra Pune India Department of Mechanical Engineering Government Engineering College Karnataka HuvinaHadagali India Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology Karnataka Karnataka Surathkal India

Despite the widespread use of Al7075-SiC composites in various engineering applications, their tribological performance remains a subject of interest due to challenges related to friction and wear. This study addresses the need for improved lubrication in such composites by investigating the potential of Al7075-SiC/Graphite hybrid materials. The incorporation of graphite particles, up to 9% by weight, aims to enhance the self-lubricating properties of these composites. Stir casting is employed to fabricate specimens with varying graphite content (3–9% by weight), followed by comprehensive tribological assessments under dry sliding conditions. Factors including sliding distance, load, and graphite composition are systematically evaluated using Taguchi’s optimization techniques, including design of experiments, ANOVA, and regression analyses. Results reveal that the addition of 9% graphite content notably reduces both the coefficient of friction and wear rate. According to the data, sliding distance significantly impacts wear behaviour, followed by the applied load. In contrast, the composition has a 77% impact on the coefficient of friction than load, while the sliding distance has a relatively small impact. As a result, the Al7075-SiC/Graphite composite material demonstrated its suitability as a self-lubricating substance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Silicon carbide

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Control of a Two-wheeled Self-balancing Robot With a Sliding Mechanism

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Journal of Institute of Control, robotics and Systems 2025年第1期31卷 37-43页

作者： Kim, David Kim, Hyun Seok Choi, Dongil Department of Mechanical Engineering Myongji University Korea Republic of Smart Robotics Team Hyundai Rotem Korea Republic of

Two-wheeled self-balancing robot maintains balance and performs driving functions using two wheels, featuring excellent mobility due to its simple structure and wheel-driven system. However, when a long longitudinal structure is applied to increase space efficiency, challenges may arise in balance control and slope entry. In this study, a sliding mechanism and Model Predictive Control (MPC) were applied to achieve balance and driving control for a robot with a long longitudinal body. The system dynamics were analyzed using the Lagrangian method, and a reference for the sliding mechanism was generated to support balance control. Through Gazebo simulations, the performance of the MPC algorithm was verified, confirming that the robot could reach a stable balance state through Swing-up motion and maintain balance consistently. Additionally, stable driving performance was demonstrated in slope driving tests. We conducted experiments by applying the same algorithm to the actual robot, confirming that it successfully performed stable balance control and slope driving control in real-world environments. © ICROS 2025.

关键词： Model predictive control

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Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Nano Particle Materials (Fe2O3 & Fe3O4) Synthesized by Arc Discharge Method

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D 2025年 1-12页

作者： Junaidi, Md. Abdul Raheem Ranjitha, P. Kumar, K. V. Pradeep Rajanish, M. Reddy, Maramreddy Raghu Tilak Manjulaiah, Hareesha Thanuj Kumar, M. Nagaraj, P. Revanna, K. Raghavendra, N. Udayashankar, S. Mechanical Engineering Department Muffakham Jah College of Engineering & Technology Telangana Hyderabad500034 India Mechanical Engineering Department Dayanand Sagar College of Engineering Karnataka Bangalore560078 India Mechanical Engineering Department Ramaiah Institute of Technology Karnataka Bengaluru560054 India Mechanical Engineering Department Dayananda Sagar Academy of Technology and Management Karnataka Bengaluru560082 India Mechanical Engineering Department New Horizon College of Engineering Karnataka Bangalore560103 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Malnad College of Engineering Hassan573202 India Visvesvaraya Technological University Karnataka Belagavi590018 India Department of Robotics and Automation Rajarajeswari College of Engineering Bengaluru560074 India Department of Chemistry Yenepoya Institute of Technology Karnataka Mangalore574225 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Government Engineering College Krishnarajapet571426 India Department of Mechanical Engineering BNM Institute of Technology Karnataka Bangalore560070 India Department of Mechanical Engineering VTU Karnataka Belgaum590018 India

This research work thoroughly describes the process of obtaining and characterizing iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles as well as emphasizes how different pH levels, reaction environments and synthesis methods can respectively control its size or activity. Characterization of the crystalline structure, morphology and size of the nanoparticles was carried out. It describes key methods of synthesis such as arc discharge or electrode configuration in electrolyte solutions emphasizing on applied voltage or processing time, which resulted in good quality of nanoparticles, concluding with comparing particle diameters and prepared form of nanoparticles in mentioned methods. In this proposed synthesis mechanism, ferrous and ferric ions are hydroxylated in a controlled anaerobic process to yield Fe3O4 precipitates. Synthesis of the iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles was found to highly depend on pH parameters, and pH 11 was optimized as the favorable pH parameter based on the results acquired, as it well controls the growth and stability of the particles. The findings highlight the promise of Fe3O4 nanoparticles for various biomedicine and environmental remediation applications where particle stability, magnetic properties and cheap synthesis are crucial. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2025.

关键词： Magnetic nanoparticles

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Evaluation of optimal responses in Monel 400 alloy using computer based unconventional machining process

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Interactions 2025年第1期246卷 1-11页

作者： Manohar, Gunaselvi Chandrasekar, G. Radhakrishnan, G. Raj, P. Anantha Christu Ram, S. Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Easwari Engineering College Chennai India Department Mechanical Engineering PSNA College of Engineering and Technology Dindigul India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology Tamilnadu Coimbatore India Division of Robotics Engineering Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Tamilnadu Coimbatore India Department of Mechanical Engineering Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology Hyderabad India

The unconventional machining is an essential role in metal forming process. The dimensional accuracy and super finish are the main features of modern machining methods. Electric discharge machining is a competent process to any materials and composites. In this article is used to machining characteristics of Monel 400 alloy with monitored by computer networks. The response variables are mainly depending on input variables and their levels. Taguchi method is utilized to evaluate the optimal control factors. The mean and SN ratio is evaluated by based on the criteria of the responses. The involvement of control variables to the responses have been validated by variance analysis. The best possible MR was attained at a discharge current of 40 A, pulse on time of 140µs, and spark voltage of 25 *** finest RTW and SR was occurred at a discharge current of 40 A, pulse on time of 140µs, and spark voltage of 20 V. The scope of the work is to maximize the metal removal and minimize the tool wear. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Metal forming

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How Sure is the Driver? Modelling Drivers’ Confidence in Left-Turn Gap Acceptance Decisions

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Computational Brain and Behavior 2024年第3期7卷 437-456页

作者： Bontje, Floor Zgonnikov, Arkady Department of Cognitive Robotics Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Delft University of Technology

When a person makes a decision, it is automatically accompanied by a subjective probability judgment of the decision being correct, in other words, a confidence judgment. A better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for these confidence judgments could provide novel insights into human behavior. However, so far confidence judgments have been mostly studied in simplistic laboratory tasks while little is known about confidence in naturalistic dynamic tasks such as driving. In this study, we made a first attempt of connecting fundamental research on confidence with naturalistic driver behavior. We investigated the confidence of drivers in left-turn gap acceptance decisions in a driver simulator experiment (N = 17). We found that confidence in these decisions depends on the size of the gap to the oncoming vehicle. Specifically, confidence increased with the gap size for trials in which the gap was accepted, and decreased with the gap size for rejected gaps. Similarly to more basic tasks, confidence was negatively related to the response times and correlated with action dynamics during decision execution. Finally, we found that confidence judgments can be captured with an extended dynamic drift–diffusion model. In the model, the drift rate of the evidence accumulator as well as the decision boundaries are functions of the gap size. Furthermore, we demonstrated that allowing for post-decision evidence accumulation in the model increases its ability to describe confidence judgments in rejected gap decisions. Overall, our study confirmed that principles known from fundamental confidence research extend to confidence judgments in dynamic decisions during a naturalistic task. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Confidence Decision making Driver behavior Evidence accumulation Metacognition

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A possible solution for noise attenuation material for urban buses: The downtown São Paulo case study

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Noise and Vibration Worldwide 2025年第3期56卷 137-147页

作者： Monteiro, Elvis C Avila, Antonio F Division Stellantis Betim Brazil Mechanical Engineering Graduate Studies Program Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering Graduate Studies Program Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil

Urban buses, particularly in large cities, are exposed to significant noise pollution. This paper presents a new family of materials at the micro/nano level designed for urban noise attenuation, specifically for application in urban buses. Melamine foam is combined in series with nanomembranes, creating a composite material that functions as a Helmholtz resonator. As sound waves pass over the nanomembranes, they are disturbed, and the sound resonates within the melamine foam. This interaction reduces the energy of the sound waves and enhances the noise absorption coefficient. In ten cases studied, the average sound absorption coefficient was approximately 89%, with peak frequencies ranging from 2400 Hz to 4300 Hz. The average thickness of the nanomembranes was around 5.0 µm, while the melamine foam had a thickness of 13 mm. The mean noise reduction achieved was about 11 dB, which depends on factors such as the morphology, thickness, and pore size of the nanomembranes. A case study conducted in downtown São Paulo demonstrated that applying these materials to urban buses can significantly reduce interior noise levels. Finally, the proposed system is fully scalable and adaptable for various applications where acoustic insulation is required. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Noise pollution

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