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The Effect of Fins Design on the Thermal Characteristics of Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles

The Effect of Fins Design on the Thermal Characteristics of ...

2023 International Conference on Advanced Mechatronics, Intelligent Manufacture and Industrial Automation, ICAMIMIA 2023

作者： Albana, Muhammad Hasan Guntur, Harus Laksana Khrisna Putra, Ary Bachtiar Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Graduate Program of Mechanical Engineering Department Surabaya Indonesia Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Mechanical Engineering Department Surabaya Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350309225

The increasing public demand for electric vehicles also impacts the demand for electric motors. The prominent problem electric motors faces are excess heat when operating because it affects the age and performance of the electric motor. Installing fins on the electric motor housing is one way to reduce heat on the electric motor. In this study, a comparison of the six-fin design was carried out, and the effect on the thermal characteristics of the electric motor was examined. Fins are mounted radially and axially. The six types of fin designs studied are radial fins-round, radial fins-square, radial fins-servo, axial fins-round, axial fins-square, and axial fins-servo. The research uses the lumped circuit models method, and the software used is Motor-CAD. The type of electric motor being studied is a brushless permanent magnet machine (BPM) with an internal rotor. The study's findings indicate that the fin's performance in cooling the electric motor depends on its area. The lower temperatures in the axial fins-servo and radial fins-square compared to other fin designs are due to the broader area of the axial fins-servo and radial fins-square compared to the others. Axially mounted fins provide better cooling than radially mounted fins. For example, the winding temperature on the axial fins-servo is 140.54°C, and the winding temperature on the radial fins-square is 140.86°C even though the area of the axial fins-servo is 22.7% smaller than the area of the radial fins-servo. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Electric vehicles

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The Effect of Rotational Speed on the Thermal Characteristics of a Wheel Hub Motor on an Electric Scooter 24

The Effect of Rotational Speed on the Thermal Characteristic...

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24th International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications, ISITIA 2023

作者： Albana, Muhammad Hasan Guntur, Harus Laksana Putra, Ary Bachtiar Khrisna Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Graduate Program of Mechanical Engineering Department Surabaya Indonesia Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Mechanical Engineering Department Surabaya Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350313956

When using an electric scooter, there is a problem with the electric motor overheating. Temperatures that are too high will damage motor performance and reduce reliability. As a result, heat transfer from electric motors needs to be carefully considered. This study aims to determine the thermal characteristics of an electric motor by varying the rotational speed. The rotational speeds varied were 250 rpm, 500 rpm, and 750 rpm. Using finite element analysis to answer research questions, the software used is Ansys Motor-CAD. The type of electric motor used is a wheel hub motor with a power of 1.5 kW. The findings indicate that the rotating speed influenced the thermal properties of a wheel hub motor. Wheel hub motor components, including the winding, stator, rotor, cover, and axle, exhibit a drop in temperature with increasing rotational speed. The winding is the component that experiences the highest temperature, and the cover is the component that experiences the lowest temperature. The winding loss value is much higher than the stator, magnet, and rotor loss. Compared to other rotational speeds, the winding temperature at 750 rpm rotational speed achieved a stable temperature the quickest, at 519 minutes, while the temperatures at 250 rpm and 500 rpm reached stable temperatures, respectively, at 592.2 and 550.5 minutes. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Finite element method

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Geometric based apple suction strategy for robotic packaging

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological engineering 2024年第3期17卷 12-20页

作者： Zhong Wang Qingyu Wang Mingzhao Lou Fan Wu Yaonan Zhu Dong Hu Mingchuan Zhou Yibin Ying College of Optical Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Micro-Nona Mechanical Science and Engineering Nagoya UniversityFuro-choChikusa-kuNagoya 464-8601Japan

Packaging is one of the least automated steps among all the fruit postharvest processes,which is time-consuming and ***,a robust suction strategy for robotic manipulation needs to be *** this research,a geometric-based apple suction strategy for robotic packaging was studied,including suction cup design,optimal suction region selection algorithm,and robot system *** the first place,on the basis of the geometric features of the spheroid fruit,the structure of the suction cups was designed to provide reliable suction ***,suction force measurement experiments on both acrylic balls and apples were *** on the results,the parameters of the suction cup were finally *** results also indicated that the curvature radius of the suction region is supposed to larger than that of the suction ***,a robust suction region selection algorithm was developed,which involves four steps:RGB-D information acquisition,object detection and point cloud generation,spherical fitting,and suction region ***,the above methods were integrated into a robotic packaging *** addition,on the basis of spatial-frequency domain imaging(SFDI)technology,early stage bruise was detected for *** results showed that,the proposed suction strategy and system is potential for robust robotic apple packaging.

关键词： apple suction cup robotic packaging robotic manipulation point cloud

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Intelligent Small Scale Autonomous Vehicle Development Based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for Steering Angle Prediction 1

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International Conference on Innovative Technologies in Intelligent Systems and Industrial Applications, CITISIA 2022

作者： Asy’ari, Muhammad Zacky Phang, Maxson Suganda, Nicholas Mariana, Yosica Automotive and Robotics Program Computer Engineering Department BINUS ASO School of Engineering Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia Architecture Department Faculty of Engineering Binus University Jakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9783031290787

ISBN: (纸本)9783031290770

Human error is the most significant factor in traffic accidents. 61% of accidents in Indonesia are caused by driver negligence. Autonomous vehicles are unmanned vehicles that are believed to be able to reduce the number of accidents caused by human error. This study aims to create a prototype of a small-scale unmanned vehicle using computer vision that can move around the track. The prototype captures an image using a USB webcam and is processed by a Raspberry Pi 4 to predict the correct steering angle based on input from the camera. A convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm is used to recognize the path. The material used to make the prototype is PLA (polylactic acid). The prototype steering system uses a servo motor, and the drive system uses a brushless DC motor controlled by the PCA9685 module. More than 1600 image data were used and taken based on a simplified track. The results of this study indicate that the prototype can move along the given track with a steering angle range of 20°–130° for right turns and 60°–170° for left turns. The throttle value capable of moving the prototype at a steady speed is 0.075. The Keras Tensorflow model, dataset, and autonomous car design can achieve the desired level of autonomy with an RMSE accuracy of 0.1145. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.

关键词： Forecasting

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Urban traffic signal control optimization through Deep Q Learning and double Deep Q Learning: a novel approach for efficient traffic management

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-24页

作者： Jamil, Qazi Umer Kallu, Karam Dad Khan, Muhammad Jawad Safdar, Muhammad Zafar, Amad Ali, Muhammad Umair Sector H-12 Islamabad44000 Pakistan School of Mechanical Engineering Chonnam National University Gwangju Korea Republic of Department of Electrical Engineering School of Engineering Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University Al Kharj Saudi Arabia Sector H-12 Islamabad44000 Pakistan Department of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Sejong University Seoul05006 Korea Republic of

Traffic congestion remains a persistent challenge in urban areas, necessitating efficient traffic control strategies. This research explores the application of advanced reinforcement learning techniques, specifically Deep Q-Learning (DQN) and Double Deep Q-Learning (DDQN), to address this issue at a four-way traffic intersection. The RL agents are trained using a reward function based on minimizing waiting times, enabling them to learn effective traffic signal control policies. The study focuses on comparing the performance of a simple non-reinforcement learning (Non RL) agent, a Deep Q-Network (DQN) agent, and an improved Double Deep Q-Learning (DDQN) agent in different traffic scenarios. The Non RL agent, which follows a fixed order of traffic phases, demonstrates limitations in both low and high traffic situations, leading to inefficiencies and imbalanced queue lengths. On the other hand, the DQN agent exhibits promising results in low traffic conditions but struggles in high traffic due to its greedy behavior. The DDQN agent, with an extended green light base time, outperforms both the Non RL agent and the original DQN agent in high traffic scenarios, making it more suitable for real-world traffic conditions. However, it shows some inefficiencies in low traffic scenarios. Future research is recommended to address multi-agent deep reinforcement learning challenges, incorporate attention mechanisms and hierarchical reinforcement learning, explore graph theory applications, and develop efficient communication protocols among agents to further enhance traffic control solutions. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Traffic congestion

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A Self‑Powered Piezoelectric Nanofibrous Membrane as Wearable Tactile Sensor for Human Body Motion Monitoring and Recognition

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Advanced Fiber Materials 2023年第4期5卷 1417-1430页

作者： Jingcheng Li Jing Yin Mei Gui Vanessa Wee Amutha Chinnappan Seeram Ramakrishna Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability Department of Mechanical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117081Singapore National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk College of Textile and Clothing EngineeringSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program NUS Graduate SchoolNational University of SingaporeSingapore 119077Singapore

Wearable sensors have drawn vast interest for their convenience to be worn on body to monitor and track body movements or exercise activities in real ***,wearable electronics rely on powering systems to ***,a self-powered,porous,flexible,hydrophobic and breathable nanofibrous membrane based on electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)nanofiber has been developed as a tactile sensor with low-cost and simple fabrication for human body motion detection and ***,effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes(CNT)and barium titanate(BTO)as additives to the fiber morphology as well as mechanical and dielectric properties of the piezoelectric nanofiber membrane were *** fabricated BTO@PVDF piezoelectric nanogenerator(PENG)exhibits the highβ-phase content and best overall electrical performances,thus selected for the flexible sensing device ***,the nanofibrous membrane demonstrated robust tactile sensing performance that the device exhibits durability over 12,000 loading test cycles,holds a fast response time of 82.7 ms,responds to a wide pressure range of 0-5 bar and shows a high relative sensitivity,especially in the small force range of 11.6 V/bar upon pressure applied perpendicular to the ***,when attached on human body,its unique fibrous and flexible structure offers the tactile sensor to present as a health care monitor in a self-powered manner by translating motions of different movements to electrical signals with various patterns or sequences.

关键词： Electrospinning Nanofiber Piezoelectric sensor PENG Wearable Self-powered device

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Acoustic Properties of Stretchable Liquid Metal-Elastomer Composites for Matching Layers in Wearable Ultrasonic Transducer Arrays 41

Acoustic Properties of Stretchable Liquid Metal-Elastomer Co...

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41st Annual Semiconductor Thermal Measurement, Modeling and Management Symposium, SEMI-THERM 2025

作者： Krings, Ethan Markvicka, Eric University of Nebraska-Lincoln Smart Materials and Robotics Laboratory Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering LincolnNE68588 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781735532554

Ultrasound is a safe, noninvasive diagnostic technique used to measure internal structures such as tissues, organs, and arterial and venous blood flow. Skin-mounted wearable ultrasound devices can enable long-term continuous monitoring of patients to provide solutions to critical healthcare needs. However, stretchable ultrasound devices that are composed of ultrasonic transducers embedded in an elastomer matrix are incompatible with existing rigid acoustic matching layers, leading to reduced energy transmission and reduced imaging resolution. Here, a systematic study of soft composites with liquid metal (LM) fillers dispersed in elastomers reveals key strategies to tune the acoustic impedance of soft materials. Experiments supported by theoretical models demonstrate that the increase in acoustic impedance is primarily driven by the increase in density with negligible changes to the speed of sound through the material. By controlling the volume loading and particle size of the LM fillers, we create a material that achieves a high acoustic impedance 4.8 Mrayl, (> 440% increase over the polymer matrix) with low modulus ( 100% strain). When the device was mechanically strained, we observed a small decrease in acoustic impedance ( © 2025 SEMI-THERM Educational Foundation.

关键词： Ultrasonic transducers

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Machine intelligence-accelerated discovery of all-natural plastic substitutes

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Nature Nanotechnology 2024年第6期19卷 782-791页

作者： Chen, Tianle Pang, Zhenqian He, Shuaiming Li, Yang Shrestha, Snehi Little, Joshua M. Yang, Haochen Chung, Tsai-Chun Sun, Jiayue Whitley, Hayden Christopher Lee, I-Chi Woehl, Taylor J. Li, Teng Hu, Liangbing Chen, Po-Yen Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College ParkMD United States Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD United States Maryland Robotics Center College ParkMD United States

One possible solution against the accumulation of petrochemical plastics in natural environments is to develop biodegradable plastic substitutes using natural components. However, discovering all-natural alternatives that meet specific properties, such as optical transparency, fire retardancy and mechanical resilience, which have made petrochemical plastics successful, remains challenging. Current approaches still rely on iterative optimization experiments. Here we show an integrated workflow that combines robotics and machine learning to accelerate the discovery of all-natural plastic substitutes with programmable optical, thermal and mechanical properties. First, an automated pipetting robot is commanded to prepare 286 nanocomposite films with various properties to train a support-vector machine classifier. Next, through 14 active learning loops with data augmentation, 135 all-natural nanocomposites are fabricated stagewise, establishing an artificial neural network prediction model. We demonstrate that the prediction model can conduct a two-way design task: (1) predicting the physicochemical properties of an all-natural nanocomposite from its composition and (2) automating the inverse design of biodegradable plastic substitutes that fulfils various user-specific requirements. By harnessing the model’s prediction capabilities, we prepare several all-natural substitutes, that could replace non-biodegradable counterparts as exhibiting analogous properties. Our methodology integrates robot-assisted experiments, machine intelligence and simulation tools to accelerate the discovery and design of eco-friendly plastic substitutes starting from building blocks taken from the generally-recognized-as-safe database. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Neural networks

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Designing Optimal Parameters for Single-Axis Solar-Tracker through Analysis of Sun-Path and Tracking Vector Dynamics 6

Designing Optimal Parameters for Single-Axis Solar-Tracker t...

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6th International Conference on Electrical engineering and Information and Communication Technology, ICEEICT 2024

作者： Akhtaruzzaman, M. Islam, Md Shofiqul Shahryer, Fahim Arif, Muammer Din Mollik, Md. Sazib Rahman, Muhammad Towfiqur Rahman, Md. Mahbubur Hasan, Mohammad Kamrul Ahmed, Shugata Ashrafuzzaman, Md. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dhaka1216 Bangladesh Department of Mechanical Engineering Dhaka1216 Bangladesh Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dhaka Bangladesh Faculty of Information Science and Technology Bangi Malaysia Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering Bangladesh Sdn. Bhd. Cyberjaya Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350385779

The persistent challenges faced by sun-tracking systems include inefficient power production, wastage of energy, ineffective control, and high costs. Most of the existing systems are either static or dual-axis tracking which lead to inefficient output or increasing energy wastage and cost overheads. Though, single-axis tracking system has some benefits over the static or dual-axis tracking, most of the systems do not analyze the selection of optimal sun-path which again leads to inefficient and inadequate absorption of sunlight. Addressing the issues, this article presents a design of optimal parameters for single-axis solar-tracking by analyzing the sun-path and tracking vector dynamics. The study mainly focuses on analyzing solar-tracking dynamics, variations in sunray angles, Azimuth and Elevation dynamics throughout the day for the twelve months, Sun-vector calculation for local coordinates, joint rotational-axis, and joint motion control using a Proportional-Derivative controller. Additionally, the article outlines a conceptual architecture for automated control, monitoring, and power distribution for the potential development of a sustainable smart city. The proposed strategy addresses the issues of the optimal design of a single-axis solar-tracker, thus ensuring the reduction of cost overhead and energy wastage. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Dynamics

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Building Trust in E-Commerce by Examining the Relationships Between User Experience and Delivery Satisfaction 3

Building Trust in E-Commerce by Examining the Relationships ...

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3rd International Conference on Digital Transformation and Applications, ICDXA 2024

作者： Sudirman, Ivan Diryana Sudirman, Iman Utama, Iston Dwija Binus Business School Undergraduate Program Bina Nusantara University Entrepreneurship Department Bandung Indonesia Pasundan University Faculty of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Bandung Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350373424

This study analyzes the relationship across user experience, delivery satisfaction, and trust within the domain of e-commerce. The variables are assessed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) to identify their interaction. This research utilised a survey approach for collecting data from a sample of 151 participants, with the intent of interpreting their points of view. The findings suggest a significant correlation across user experience and trust in the framework of online purchase. Moreover, this study demonstrates that the satisfaction of customers with the delivery process plays a role in the creation of trust, but to a lesser extent compared to the user experience. These findings provide useful insights into the approaches that online platforms could utilize to establish and maintain the trust of their users. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Electronic commerce

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