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Investigation of Austempering Effect on Fatigue Crack Growth of AISI 4140 Steel

Defect and Diffusion Forum 2024年 431卷 115-120页

作者： Badaruddin, Mohammad Ainnayah, Reza Annisa Wijaya, Rizqy Nurully Sumardi, Slamet Lampung Selatan Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Lampung Indonesia Undergraduate Study Program at the Department of M echanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Lampung Indonesia

The compact tension (CT) and tensile specimens of the AISI 4140 steel in cold rolling condition (untreated steel) were austempered by immersing it into the salt bath at 362℃ for 60 minutes. The tensile strength properties and the fatigue crack growth (FCG) resistance were performed to investigate the effect of the austempering process in AISI 4140 steel. A significant increase in the yield strength for austempered steel is about 8.7 % and the elastic strain energy increases by 55.7 %. Austempered steel's fatigue crack cycle is longer than that of untreated steel. Data of stress intensity factor range (ΔK, MPa.m1/2) and FCG rate (da/dN, m/cycle) was constructed in double log plot x-y axes for determining the materials constants m and C according to Paris’s law equation using a linear regression method. From the curve of ΔK versus da/dN, the constant m value for austempered steel (m = 3.45) shows better resistance than untreated steel (m = 3.77). On the other hand, the constant C value of 1.409×10-12 for austempered steel is one order magnitude higher than that of untreated steel (C = 4.151×10-13). The resistance of austempered steel against fatigue crack growth can be attributed to the formation of a bainite structure. © 2024 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Stress intensity factors

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Examining the Impact of Metallurgical and Optimised Machining Parameters on Inconel 713C Superalloy Using the Taguchi Technique

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D 2024年 1-11页

作者： Suryawanshi, Vinayak P. Deshmukh, Prashant D. Chapke, Yashwant Department of Mechanical Engineering Datta Meghe College of Engineering Airoli Navi Mumbai400708 India Department of Automation & amp Robotics JSPM’S Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering Maharashtra Pune India

This study examined the metallurgical properties of Inconel 713C superalloy and the impact of utilising the Taguchi technique to optimise machining settings. The cutting tool was a strong carbide substance coated with WC-TiAlN. The impact of cutting force parameters and surface roughness was observed on the Inconel 713C superalloy. The goal of using Taguchi was to maximise the limitations for spinning Inconel 713C alloy at high speeds. An orthogonal array of L27 was used. In order to assess the microstructural and compositional changes, metallurgical tests were conducted. Compared to tool inserts that have not been treated, the EDS scans showed that there is less material deposition on the workpiece. As a result, there was reduced cutting force, friction, and a homogeneous distribution of temperature, which produced a superior surface finish. The workpiece's higher amount of iron, aluminium, and other components, along with the untreated tool, caused localised heating and increased friction. This, in turn, increased cutting force and impacted surface roughness. According to the numerical analysis, the feed rate accounted for up to 95% of the total influence and had the greatest impact on machining performance. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2024.

关键词： Superalloys

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MODELING OF MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL DAMPER USING MULTIPLE ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR FUZZY CONTROL DESIGN OF A SEMI-ACTIVE SUSPENSION SYSTEM

UPB Scientific Bulletin, Series C: Electrical Engineering an...

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UPB Scientific Bulletin, Series C: Electrical engineering and Computer Science 2024年第3期86卷 315-334页

作者： Sitompul, Erwin Anggraini, Lydia Turnip, Arjon Study Program of Electrical Engineering President University Cikarang Indonesia Study Program of Mechanical Engineering President University Cikarang Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering Padjajaran University Bandung Indonesia

Suspension is a very important part of the functionality of a car. It supports the comfort of the passengers and can be used to improve the car's stability. If a magnetorheological (MR) damper is used, the damping performance can be adjusted according to the road condition. In this research, an attempt to model an MR damper using multiple artificial neural networks (ANNs) was conducted. The measurement data was obtained by using a damper dynamometer. Eight measurements were conducted to cover the coil current range between 0 and 1,400 mA. The MR damper model was then integrated into the semi-active suspension of a quarter-car model. Furthermore, the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) design for the semi-active suspension system was conducted. This artificial intelligence control deployed a novel approach in using the frequency content of the road surface as the input. The control scheme was tested by giving a sinusoidal bumpy road and a pseudo-random bumpy road as the input to the quarter-car model. The FLC performed well and was able to reduce the transmitted excitation from the road to the car chassis. © 2024, Politechnica University of Bucharest. All rights reserved.

关键词： Active suspension systems

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Rapid Airborne Gas-Plume Mapping and Source Localization with Feedforward Gas-Sensor Dynamics Compensation

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ASME Letters in Dynamic Systems and Control 2024年第4期4卷 041002页

作者： Hoffman, Kyle C. Anderson, Jacob M. Leang, Kam K. Lab Department of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Center University of Utah Salt Lake CityUT84112 United States

This article focuses on improving the speed, accuracy, and robustness of autonomous aerial-based chemical sensing for plume mapping and source localization through characterizing, modeling, and feedforward compensation of gas-sensor dynamics. First, the dynamics of three types of gas sensors are modeled. Second, the maximum chemical-mapping speed is calculated and shown to be inversely proportional to sensor time constant. Third, an inversion-based approach is used to compensate for the sensor dynamics to improve mapping throughput. Results show that dynamics compensation enhances the chemical-mapping speed by over five times compared to the uncompensated case. Finally, to further demonstrate utility, the approach is applied to a particle swarm optimization example for plume-source localization. The improvement is observed by how well the agents converge to the true chemical gas source location when gas-sensor dynamics are taken into account. Specifically, for a static Gaussian plume source, feedforward compensation leads to 64% average improvement in localization success, and for a dynamic Quick Urban and Industrial Complex (QUIC) dispersion plume source, a 39% average improvement is observed. These results underscore the importance of sensor dynamics compensation for enhancing mapping and source localization throughput, accuracy, and robustness. © 2024 by ASME.

关键词： Aircraft detection

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Bifunctional nanoprobe for simultaneous detection of intracellular reactive oxygen species and temperature in single cells

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第6期10卷 161-172页

作者： Yanmei Ma Weikang Hu Jian Hu Muyang Ruan Jie Hu Ming Yang Yi Zhang Hanhan Xie Chengzhi Hu Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems Department of Mechanical and Energy EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518000China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518000China

Living cells can rapidly adjust their metabolic activities in response to external stimuli,leading to fluctuations in intracellular temperature and reactive oxygen species(ROS)*** these parameters is essential for understanding cellular metabolism,particularly during dynamic biological *** this study,we present a bifunctional nanoprobe capable of simultaneous measurement of ROS levels and temperature within single *** nanoprobe features two individually addressable nanoelectrodes,with platinum(Pt)and nickel(Ni)coatings on both *** the tip,these two metal layers form a nano-thermocouple,enabling precise intracellular temperature measurements,while the Pt layer facilitates selective ROS *** dual functionality allows for real-time monitoring of cellular responses during synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy of cancer cells and zebrafish embryos subjected to mitochondrial toxic *** results demonstrate that the nanoprobe effectively measures increases in temperature and ROS levels in HeLa cells undergoing chemo-photothermal therapy,as well as in chemically stimulated zebrafish *** providing detailed analysis of submicrometer-scale temperature and ROS variations within living cells,this nanoprobe offers valuable insights into cellular processes and holds promise for early disease detection and drug development.

关键词： metabolism simultaneous holds

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WeBikes: a configurable, open-source add-on for simulating single-track vehicle dynamics in the Webots robot simulation software

Advances in Transportation Studies

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Advances in Transportation Studies 2024年第Special issue期4卷 73-88页

作者： Li, W. Francis, P. McClosky, R. Brown, A. Integrative Engineering Program Lafayette College United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Lafayette College EastonPA United States

This paper introduces WeBikes, an open-source simulation element for the Webots robot simulation software that allows users to easily simulate the dynamics of bicycles and motorcycles. WeBikes allows users to configure the dimensional, inertial, and visual properties of a two-wheeled vehicle. Open-loop comparisons between the WeBikes vehicle’s behavior and a canonical linear model of single-track vehicle dynamics show that WeBikes captures the self-stabilization behavior of two wheeled vehicles as predicted by the linear model. Additionally, the WeBikes add-on includes a simple virtual rider that stabilizes the vehicle using optimal linear feedback control. Comparisons between the closed-loop behavior of the WeBikes vehicle and the linear model show strong agreement, which indicates that under the direction of a virtual rider, the WeBikes vehicle can be used to simulate a vehicle-rider system navigating a roadway. Finally, a simple case study demonstrates how WeBikes can be used in a road safety simulation context. The case study explores how a motorcycle-rider system behaves when performing a lane change between lanes of disparate heights, illustrating how WeBikes can provide insight into the interaction between single-track vehicle behavior and geometric roadway design. © 2024, Aracne Editrice. All rights reserved.

关键词： Motorcycles

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Overview on the Development of Input Shaping Control for Removing Residual Vibrations

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Journal of Institute of Control, robotics and Systems 2024年第4期30卷 296-311页

作者： Kang, Brian Byunghyun Kang, Chul-Goo Department of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Sejong University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Mechanical Engineering Konkuk University Seoul Korea Republic of

Eliminating unwanted residual vibration is crucial in engineering systems, and this removal should be as effective and swift as possible. Input shaping control emerges as a powerful open-loop control technique to effectively eliminate residual vibrations, and it can be readily implemented in real-world engineering applications. This paper delves into the historical developments of input shaping control over the past seven decades. A key issue in input shaping control has been achieving robustness against modeling errors in both natural frequency and damping ratio. Input shaping control originated in the late 1950s under the name of posicast control. Subsequently, in the late 1980s, its robustness was significantly enhanced by incorporating derivative constraints and allowing nonzero residual vibration at no modeling error. These advancements have paved the way for the widespread application of input shaping control in various engineering problems. In 2019, impulse vectors were introduced as a mathematical tool for designing and analyzing input shapers, leading to the development of new input shapers using impulse vectors. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the development of input shaping control, including zero-vibration and derivative (ZVD), extra-insensitive (EI), multi-mode, equal time and magnitude (ETM), unity-magnitude (UM), and negative equal-magnitude (NEM) shapers. © 2024, Institute of Control, robotics and Systems. All rights reserved.

关键词： Robustness (control systems)

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Investigation on mechanical and Tribological Characteristics of Al–Zn Alloys Under Different Conditions

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D 2024年 1-9页

作者： Pruthvi, H.M. Biradar, Srikumar Chetan Kumar, D.S. Biradar, Iranna M. Manjunatha, M.C. Prem Chand, R. Anil Kumar, B.N. Shenoy, Ghanashyam Department of Mechanical Engineering Dr. T Thimmaiah Institute of Technology Karnataka KGF India Department of Mechanical Engineering Atria Institute of Technology Karnataka Bengaluru India Department of Mechanical Engineering New Horizon College of Engineering Karnataka Bengaluru India BAZE University Abuja Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Bangalore Institute of Technology Karnataka Bengaluru India Department of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Bangalore Institute of Technology Karnataka Bengaluru India

Aluminum alloys are a crucial material due to their high resistance to corrosion and strength to weight ratio, particularly in pressure systems and transport applications. However, they have low melting temperatures and are relatively soft compared to other engineering materials. Utilising secondary reinforcing components such as tungsten carbide, fly ash, mica, boron carbide, silicon carbide, graphite, e-glass, and aluminium oxide, researchers have recently concentrated on creating metal matrix composites. Stir casting was used to create aluminium alloys with different weight percentages of magnesium and zinc. The alloys were then re-aged at 150 °C for different holding times. SEM image of a worn-out surface reveals material flow, scratches, and narrow grooves that are caused by wear parameters including applied stress, sliding velocity, and sliding distance. Only 5.57% more ultimate tensile strength was achieved for the highest weight percentage of magnesium and zinc after 7 h of ageing. Improved mechanical qualities were seen in SEM pictures, and regression analysis confirmed the experimental findings. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2024.

关键词： Heat treatment

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Production and Study of Microstructure and mechanical Characteristics of Al7075-Boron Carbide Composites for Automotive Applications

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D 2024年 1-10页

作者： Venugopal, M.M. Avilasha, B.G. Koti, Vishwanath Girisha, L. Rakesh, M. Shashidhara, L.C. Bhople, Narendra Rameshwar Hemanth Raju, T. Udayashankar, S. Aeronautical Engineering Department Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology Karnataka Bengaluru560064 India Mechanical Engineering Department Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering Karnataka Bangalore560078 India Mechanical Engineering Department M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology Karnataka Bangalore560054 India Mechanical Engineering Department PES Institute of Technology and Management Karnataka Shivamogga577204 India Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Department Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering Karnataka Bangalore560078 India Mechanical Engineering Department Dayananda Sagar University Karnataka Ramanagara Bengaluru562112 India Mechanical Engineering Department Dr. D.Y Patil Institute of Technology Maharashtra Pune411018 India Mechanical Engineering Department New Horizon College of Engineering Karnataka Bangalore560103 India Department of Mechanical Engineering VTU Karnataka Belgaum590018 India

The excellent strength-to-weight ratio of aluminium alloys lead them to introduce to a large number of industries like engineering, defence and automotive. Much research has been suggested for the extensive use of Al7075 aluminum alloy in automobile sectors. The purpose of the research is to fabricate composites using Boron Carbide and Al7075 matrix composites by stir casting technique. The Al7075 matrix was reinforced by B4C particles in 1, 3, 5 and 7 weight ratios. This study used microstructure analysis and tensile testing among other experiments to measure the properties of composite specimens. The microstructure of the composites has been studied with scanning electron microscopy. B4C particles were found to be homogeneously dispersed in the entire Aluminium matrix. The results of this study indicate that the UTS of the composites that were manufactured improved in relation to the amount of B4C present. The Al7075-B4C composite shows the maximum UTS of 134.33 N/mm2 with B4C addition at 5%. It was established that the addition of B4C resulted in a reduction in percentage elongation. Adding B4C particles to the composites also increases their yield strength. With only 5 wt. % B4C, the highest yield strength of 117.25 N/mm2 can be attained among all tested compositions for the Al7075-B4C composite. Detailed examinations by SEM analysis of the fracture tension face of the composite material demonstrated that it was inherently brittle. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2024.

关键词： Tensile testing

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Templated synthesis of transition metal phosphide electrocatalysts for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 646-669,I0014页

作者： Rose Anne Acedera Alicia Theresse Dumlao DJ Donn Matienzo Maricor Divinagracia Julie Anne del Rosario Paraggua Po-Ya Abel Chuang Joey Ocon Laboratory of Electrochemical Engineering(LEE) Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of the PhilippinesDilimanQuezon City 1101Philippines Mechanical Engineering University of CaliforniaMercedCA 95343USA Energy Engineering Program College of EngineeringUniversity of the PhilippinesDilimanQuezon City 1101Philippines

Transition metal phosphides(TMPs)have been regarded as alternative hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts owing to their comparable activity to those of noble metal-based *** have been produced in various morphologies,including hollow and porous nanostructures,which are features deemed desirable for electrocatalytic *** synthesis routes are often responsible for such *** paper reviews the latest advances and existing challenges in the synthesis of TMP-based OER and HER catalysts through templated methods.A comprehensive review of the structure-property-performance of TMP-based HER and OER catalysts prepared using different templates is *** discussion proceeds according to application,first by HER and further divided among the types of templates used-from hard templates,sacrificial templates,and soft templates to the emerging dynamic hydrogen bubble *** catalysts are then reviewed and grouped according to their ***,prospective research directions for the synthesis of hollow and porous TMP-based catalysts,such as improvements on both activity and stability of TMPs,design of environmentally benign templates and processes,and analysis of the reaction mechanism through advanced material characterization techniques and theoretical calculations,are suggested.

关键词： OER HER Transition metal phosphide Templated synthesis Electrocatalysts

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