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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ketabi, Sara Wagner, Matthias W. Hawkins, Cynthia Tabori, Uri Ertl-Wagner, Birgit Betina Khalvati, Farzad Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Program The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Canada Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Canada Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence Toronto Canada Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto Canada Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Toronto Canada Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Canada Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Hospital Augsburg Augsburg Germany Division of Hematology and Oncology The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Canada Paediatric Laboratory Medicine Division of Pathology The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Canada Department of Medical Imaging University of Toronto Toronto Canada

Despite the promising performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in brain tumor diagnosis from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), their integration into the clinical workflow has been limited. That is mainly due to the fact that the features contributing to a model's prediction are unclear to radiologists and hence, clinically irrelevant, i.e., lack of explainability. As the invaluable sources of radiologists' knowledge and expertise, radiology reports can be integrated with MRI in a contrastive learning (CL) framework, enabling learning from image-report associations, to improve CNN explainability. In this work, we train a multimodal CL architecture on 3D brain MRI scans and radiology reports to learn informative MRI representations. Furthermore, we integrate tumor location, salient to several brain tumor analysis tasks, into this framework to improve its generalizability. We then apply the learnt image representations to improve explainability and performance of genetic marker classification of pediatric Low-grade Glioma, the most prevalent brain tumor in children, as a downstream task. Our results indicate a Dice score of 31.1% between the model's attention maps and manual tumor segmentation (as an explainability measure) with test classification performance of 87.7%, significantly outperforming the baselines. These enhancements can build trust in our model among radiologists, facilitating its integration into clinical practices for more efficient tumor diagnosis. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pediatrics

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Human–machine interaction towards Industry 5.0: Human-centric smart manufacturing

Digital Engineering

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Digital engineering 2024年 2卷

作者： Jialu Yang Ying Liu Phillip L. Morgan Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA UK Human Factors Excellence Research Group (HuFEx) and Centre for AI Robotics and Human–Machine Systems (IROHMS) School of Psychology Cardiff University CF10 3AT Cardiff UK

Since the concept of Industry 5.0 was proposed, the emphasis on human–machine interaction (HMI) in industrial scenarios has continued to increase. HMI is part of the factory’s development towards Industry 5.0, mainly because HMI can help realise the human-centric vision. At the same time, to achieve the sustainable and resilient goals proposed by Industry 5.0, green, smart, and more advanced technologies are also considered important driving factors for factories to achieve Industry 5.0. Human-centric smart manufacturing (HCSM) factories that integrate HMI with advanced technologies are expected to become the paradigm of future manufacturing. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss technologies and research directions that may promote the implementation of HCSM in the future. In a smart factory, HMI signals will go through the process of being collected by sensors, processed, transmitted to the data analysis centre and output to complete the interaction. Based on this process, we divide HMI into four parts: sensor and hardware, data processing, transmission mechanism, and interaction and collaboration. Through a systematic literature review process, this article evaluates and summarises the current research and technologies in the HMI field and categorises them into four parts of the HMI process. Since the current usage scenarios of some technologies are relatively limited, the introduction focuses on the possible applications and problems they face. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of HMI for Industry 5.0 and HCSM are revealed and discussed.

关键词： Human–machine interaction Industry 4.0 Industry 5.0 Sensor IoT IIoT Human-centric smart manufacturing Manufacturing informatics Data analytics

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Compressed air energy storage systems (CAES) and assessment of expansion cooling as an ancillary process

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Science Talks 2024年 10卷

作者： Abdul Hai Alami Ahmad Yasin Siren Khuri Ayman Mudallal Mohamad Ayoub Adnan Alashkar Rashid AlRashid Shamma Abdalla Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering Department University of Sharjah Sharjah P.O. Box 27272 United Arab Emirates Materials Science and Engineering PhD Program American University of Sharjah Sharjah P.O. Box 26666 United Arab Emirates Mechanical Engineering Department American University of Sharjah Sharjah 26666 United Arab Emirates

This work introduces compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems and their role in mitigating the lag between energy supply and demand. The concept of energy storage relies on storing energy during periods of low demand to supply it during periods of high demand, where CAES stands as a scalable solution with the ability to house ancillary systems in order to harvest useful effects such as expansion cooling. CAES on its own compares well with electrochemical batteries, while bearing a simpler system design and less stringent operational requirements; however, with the integration of thermal management the role of CAES can be extended to produce chilled water that can be used for cooling applications. Not only does expansion cooling broaden the utilization of CAES, it has also enhanced the energetic efficiency of the system by 4%. Future work within the scope of CAES includes the integration of heat pipes and latent heat energy storage, and experimenting with different working gases.

关键词： Compressed air energy storage (CAES) mechanical energy storage Expansion cooling Thermal management

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Surface Topography of Ti 6Al 4V ELI after High Power EDM

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Procedia Manufacturing 2020年 47卷 788-794页

作者： Panagiotis Karmiris-Obratański Krzysztof Zagórski Jacek Cieślik Emmanouil Lazaros Papazoglou Angelos Markopoulos AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Department of Manufacturing Systems al. Mickiewicza 30 30-059 Cracow Poland National Technical University of Athens School of Mechanical Engineering Laboratory of Manufacturing Technology Heroon Polytechniou 9 15780 Athens Greece

Titanium alloys find extensive applications in the modern aerospace and offshore industry, as well in the field of biomedical implants. Nevertheless, the titanium inherent thermo-physical properties (low thermal conductivity and high chemical reactivity) make it a hard to machine material. For the efficient machining of titanium alloys, non-conventional machining processes are employed. Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a non-contact machining process, in which the material removal occurs through repetitive electrical sparks. The capabilities of machining any electrically conductive material, regardless of its thermo-physical and other properties, render it as one of the most widely used non-conventional machining processes. As titanium alloys are used in high-quality parts and products, the integrity and texture of the machined surface constitute an essential parameter. The current study presents an experimental investigation of the surface texture and integrity of Ti6Al4V ELI after its machining with high power EDM. Namely, a full-scale experiment has been carried out, for pulse currents up to 65A and pulse-on time up to 200 μs, using graphite electrode. The surface texture (ST) and integrity has been estimated in terms of arithmetic mean height (Sa), the maximum height of scale-limited surface (Sz), maximum peak height (Sp), maximum pit height (Sv) and skewness of the scale-limited surface (Ssk). Additionally, through microscopy observation, the surface topography and integrity have been estimated, distinguishing and characterizing the surface cracks and micro-cracks. For all the above mentioned ST parameters, an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test has been performed.

关键词： Electrical Discharge Machining Titanium alloy Surface topography high power

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Modeling actuation of ionomer cilia in salt solution under an external electric field

Modeling actuation of ionomer cilia in salt solution under a...

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ASME 2019 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference, DSCC 2019

作者： Boldini, Alain Rosen, Maxwell Cha, Youngsu Porfiri, Maurizio Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering New York University Tandon School of Engineering BrooklynNY11201 United States Center for Intelligent and Interactive Robotics Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul02792 Korea Republic of Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering New York University Tandon School of Engineering BrooklynNY11201 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780791859162

A recent experiment by Kim's group from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas has demonstrated the possibility of actuating ionomer cilia in salt solution. When these actuators are placed between two external electrodes, across which a small voltage is applied, they move toward the cathode. This is in stark contrast with the case of ionic polymer metal composites, where these ionomers are plated by metal electrodes and bending occurs towards the anode. Here, we seek to unravel the factors underlying the motion of ionomer cilia in salt solution through a physically-based model of actuation. In our model, electrochemistry is described through the Poisson-Nernst-Planck system in terms of concentrations of cations and anions and voltage, which is solved through the finite element method. Based on computer simulations, we establish that Maxwell stress is the main driving force for the motion of the cilia. © 2019 ASME.

关键词： Electrodes

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Identifying topologically associating domains using differential kernels

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Maisuradze, Luka King, Megan C. Surovtsev, Ivan V. Mochrie, Simon G.J. Shattuck, Mark D. O’Hern, Corey S. Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry Yale University New HavenCT United States Department of Cell Biology Yale School of Medicine New HavenCT United States Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT United States Benjamin Levich Institute Physics Department The City College of New York New YorkNY United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Yale University New HavenCT United States Graduate Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New HavenCT United States

Chromatin is a polymer complex of DNA and proteins that regulates gene expression. The three-dimensional (3D) structure and organization of chromatin controls DNA transcription and replication. High-throughput chromatin conformation capture techniques generate Hi-C maps that can provide insight into the 3D structure of chromatin. Hi-C maps can be represented as a symmetric matrix Aij, where each element represents the average contact probability or number of contacts between chromatin loci i and j. Previous studies have detected topologically associating domains (TADs), or self-interacting regions in Aij within which the contact probability is greater than that outside the region. Many algorithms have been developed to identify TADs within Hi-C maps. However, most TAD identification algorithms are unable to identify nested or overlapping TADs and for a given Hi-C map there is significant variation in the location and number of TADs identified by different methods. We develop a novel method to identify TADs, KerTAD, using a kernel-based technique from computer vision and image processing that is able to accurately identify nested and overlapping TADs. We benchmark this method against state-of-the-art TAD identification methods on both synthetic and experimental data sets. We find that the new method consistently has higher true positive rates (TPR) and lower false discovery rates (FDR) than all tested methods for both synthetic and manually annotated experimental Hi-C maps. The TPR for KerTAD is also largely insensitive to increasing noise and sparsity, in contrast to the other methods. We also find that KerTAD is consistent in the number and size of TADs identified across replicate experimental Hi-C maps for several organisms. Thus, KerTAD will improve automated TAD identification and enable researchers to better correlate changes in TADs to biological phenomena, such as enhancer-promoter interactions and disease states. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Topology

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Efficient sampling of polycyclic aromatic compounds for free energy predictions through active learning

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Energy and AI 2025年 21卷

作者： Mohammed I. Radaideh Matt Raymond Paolo Elvati Jacob C. Saldinger Majdi I. Radaideh Angela Violi Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2125 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2125 United States Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2125 United States Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-1500 United States Biophysics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-1500 United States

The physical growth of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PACs) to soot particles plays a significant role in understanding the chemistry of soot formation. Insights into the process can be gained from PACs’ free energy of dimerization landscape. However, because the infeasibly large space of possible PAC dimers cannot be exhaustively simulated, researchers must train machine learning models on a subset of data to impute the rest. To this end, we propose and assess an active learning approach to discovering the optimal PACs for training a machine learning model to predict PACs’ association and dissociation free energies. The comparison between active learning and random sampling showed that active learning has faster loss convergence, requiring fewer training samples to reach the same level of accuracy. The trained model accurately modeled unseen PACs and exhibited robustness against changes in the sampling space used to train the model. More broadly, this work shows how active learning can optimize the design and improve the understanding of more expensive models in specific domains.

关键词： Free energy Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) Active learning Gaussian process regression Representer theorem SHAP

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Deceleration performance and stopping distance of hybrid composite brake lining pads of basalt and clam shell

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2568卷

作者： I. Ketut Adi Atmika I. Gusti Agung Kade Suriadi I. Nyoman Sutantra I. Dewa Gede Ary Subagia 1)Mechanical Engineering Department of Udayana University Street of Bukit Jimbaran Bali 80361 Indonesia 3)Technology and Material Research Center of Udayana University Street of Bukit Jimbaran Bali 80361 Indonesia 4)Doctoral Program of Engineering Science Engineering Faculty of Udayana University Street of PB Sudirman Bali 80114 Indonesia 2)Mechanical Engineering Department of Institut of Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya 60111 Indonesia

Brake lining is one of the components of the braking system on a vehicle that plays an important role for the safety of the driver. Recently, the development of brake lining materials has attracted the attention of many researchers. At first many brake pads were made of asbestos as the main material, but this brake lining material has begun to be abandoned because it has a negative impact on health and the environment. This paper presents the results of research on the development of a hybrid composite as a brake lining material. This hybrid composite is composed of the main ingredients of basalt and green clam shell waste, as well as a small amount of alumina with phenolic resin as a binder. Hybrid composite brake lining material is made through a sintering process with an emphasis of 2 tons for 30 minutes at a constant temperature of 150°C. Hybrid composite brake pads made 3 variations of weight fraction were tested on a motorcycle to see the performance of deceleration and braking distance. Also tested brake lining with asbestos material as a comparison. The lowest deceleration performance was asbestos brake lining at 6.79 m/s2, while the highest deceleration was HC4 brake lining (35% basalt-15% clam shell) of 11.51 m/s2. While the shortest braking distance is HC4 brake pads (35% basalt-15% shell) of 3.02 meters, while the longest braking distance of asbestos is 15.18 meters. The increase in the percentage of basalt content and the decrease in the percentage of clam shell content indicate a tendency to increase the magnitude of deceleration, and a tendency to decrease the braking distance for each vehicle's initial speed.

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Progress in experimental assessments of buoyancy work energy storage

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Science Talks 2024年 10卷

作者： Abdul Hai Alami Mohamad Ayoub Adnan Alashkar Shamma Abdalla Ahmad Yasin Ayman Mdallal Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering Department University of Sharjah Sharjah P.O. Box 27272 United Arab Emirates Materials Science and Engineering PhD Program American University of Sharjah Sharjah P.O. Box 26666 United Arab Emirates Mechanical Engineering Department American University of Sharjah Sharjah 26666 United Arab Emirates

This work reiterates the potential of buoyancy work energy storage (BWES) systems which has been presented in previously published experimental-based literature. The concept of buoyancy work can be grasped when studying the operation of mobility devices such as hot air balloons or boats, where buoyancy plays a key role in keeping them afloat. Conventional experimental BWES systems that were studied in previous literature consist of a water tank, a submergible buoy, a motor/generator carrying out the charging/discharging processes, respectively, and a data acquisition interface. It is interesting to see the progression of this technology at lab scale, where initial designs included the use of a barrel as the water tank, and Styrofoam cut-outs as buoys. One design utilized a ring with multiple Styrofoam buoys attached to it, and it was later enhanced by adding helical engravings to the buoys' surface to affect its interaction with water positively during descension and ascension. The latest study added to this timeline of ongoing development investigates the effect of different buoy materials, surface coatings, buoy infill gasses, and load.

关键词： Buoyancy work energy storage mechanical energy storage Offshore wind turbines Battery alternatives

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LMI-based Optimization for the Position Feedback Control of Underactuated Robotic Systems via an Affine PD Controller: Case of the Pendubot

LMI-based Optimization for the Position Feedback Control of ...

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Data Analytics for Business and Industry: Way Towards a Sustainable Economy (ICDABI), International Conference on

作者： Sahar Jenhani Hassène Gritli Giuseppe Carbone Laboratory of Robotics Informatics and Complex Systems (RISC Lab - LR16ES07) National Engineering School of Tunis University of Tunis El Manar Le Belvédère Tunis Tunisia Higher Institute of Information and Communication Technologies & RISC Lab (LR16ES07) University of Carthage Borj Cedria Tunis Tunisia Department of Mechanical Energy and Management Engineering University of Calabria Via Bucci Cubo 46C Rende (Cs) Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781665490597

The set-point control problem of underactuated mechanical systems is a challenging issue and needs to be further investigated. This research work focuses on such problem for underactuated Lagrangian-type robotic systems, and then the objective lies in designing a suitable controller to change the robot’s current position to a desired state. Thus, our main idea is to control the robotic systems through an affine-type PD controller and by virtue of the LMI-based optimization techniques. Thus, we will develop LMI conditions on the controller gains to ensure the stability of the underactuated robot at the desired state. Then, to achieve this goal, we will consider the rescaled dynamical model describing the difference between the nonlinear model and its approximate linear dynamics, where we assume that this rescaled dynamics satisfies such some Lipschitz condition. Finally, the pendubot manipulator is adopted in order to verify the efficiency of the proposed controller.

关键词： Industries Simulation Friction Position control Stability analysis Nonlinear dynamical systems mechanical systems

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