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Multi-attribute optimization of sustainable aviation fuel production-process from microalgae source

Fuel 2022年第PartC期324卷

作者： Said, Zafar Nguyen, Tuan Hai Sharma, Prabhakar Li, Changhe Ali, Hafiz Muhammad Nguyen, Van Nhanh Pham, Van Viet Ahmed, Shams Forruque Van, Dong Nguyen Truong, Thanh Hai Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering University of Sharjah P. O. Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E) National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Islamabad Pakistan Faculty of Technology Dong Nai Technology University Dong Nai 76000 Viet Nam Mechanical Engineering Department Delhi Skill and Entrepreneurship University Delhi 110089 India School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao 266520 China Mechanical Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems (IRC-REPS) King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia Institute of Engineering HUTECH University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Faculty of Marine Engineering Vietnam Maritime University Haiphong Viet Nam Science and Math Program Asian University for Women Chattogram 4000 Bangladesh University of Science and Technology The University of Danang Viet Nam PATET Research Group Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

The aviation sector has been one of the most significant contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions;there is an urgent need to transition from traditional fossil-based jet fuel to sustainable aviation fuel to meet net-zero targets by 2030. The use of renewable aviation fuel may be regarded as the most effective option for reducing GHG emissions in the aviation sector while allowing for long-term growth. In this study, the microalgae oil was transformed to develop hydrocarbons with the boiling point range of jet fuel. Following the transesterification of algal oil fatty acids to algal oil methyl ester, fractional distillation was carried out. The Box-Behnken technique was used to design experiments for efficient resource utilization by minimizing the number of tests during transesterification. The quantitative relationship function between input (molar ratio of methanol to oil, catalyst concentration, and temperature) and % yield of methyl ester as an output of the process was developed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The ANFIS (adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system) was utilized to develop a prognostic model with good prediction effectiveness. MORSM (multi-objective response surface methodology) was also used to build a prediction model using correlations. A set of statistical indicators and Theil's U2 were used to examine the prediction efficacy and model uncertainty of ANFIS and MORSM. On both statistical indices and Theil's U2, the ANFIS-based model outperformed. To get the best results, the desirability approach was used to improve operating parameters. According to the desirability approach, the best operating parameters were catalyst concentration at 2.09%, methanol to oil ratio at 9.17%, and temperature at 60.49 °C, which resulted in the greatest yield of 91%. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Alternative fuel Jet fuel Microalgae Optimization Sustainable aviation fuel

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Study on Quality Parameters of Yellow Matoa Fruit (Pometia pinnata) Using Digital Image Processing 1

Study on Quality Parameters of Yellow Matoa Fruit (Pometia p...

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1st International Conference on mechanical Electronic and Biosystem engineering, MEBSE 2018

作者： Furay, A. Ahmad, U. Widodo, S. Postharvest Technology Master Program Graduate School Bogor Agricultural University 16680 Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biosisitem Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology Bogor Agricultural University 16680 Indonesia

At this time matoa fruits are sold without grading them first so high and low quality fruits are mixed. In addition to not having SNI, there is also no standard method for grading according to standardization of fresh horticultural products. Related to this issue, digital image processing can be used as an alternative method for grading. The purpose of this study were to study quality parameters and to develop quality evaluation method for yellow type matoa using digital image processing. Manual measurement using weight as quality parameter of 203 yellow matoa produced three categories of quality classes namely A, B and C. Image processing algorithm was then developed to replace the manual measurement by estimating the weight using projected area of fruits image and to measure skin color of the fruits. The overall accuracy of quality evaluation based on weight using developed algorithm was 73.89%. For quality evaluation based on visual parameter or skin color represented by red and blue color ratio (R/B), and hue and value (H/V) color ratio, it was found possible to classify the fruits into three quality classes namely class 1 (brown to yellow-brown), class 2 (yellow), and class 3 (yellow-green to green) with overall accuracy of 74.38%. Finally, using combination of those two parameters (i.e. area and skin color) nine new quality classes, namely A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, and C3 classes were obtained with overall accuracy of 52.71%. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Fruits

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GardnerNet: An Interpretable Deep Learning Model for Quantitative Human Blastocyst Evaluation - A Retrospective Model Development and Validation Study

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Liu, Hang Chen, Longbin Shan, Guanqiao Sun, Chen Liao, Hongqing Lu, Changfu Zhang, Shuoping Dong, Shaonan Xu, Xinxin Yan, Qiuyun Gong, Fei Zhang, Zhuoran Dai, Changsheng Chen, Wenyuan Song, Haocong Chen, Lei Sun, Haixiang Wang, Shanshan Lin, Ge Sun, Yu Gu, Yifan Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Toronto 5 King’s College Road TorontoONM5S 3G8 Canada Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering School of Basic Medical Science Central South University 172 Tongzipo Road Hunan Province Changsha China Hengyang Nanhua-Xinghui Reproductive Health Hospital 30 Jiefang Road Hunan Province Hengyang China The second Affiliated Hospital Hengyang Medical School University of South China 30 Jiefang Road Hunan Province Hengyang City China Reproductive & Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya 567 Tongzipo Road Hunan Province Changsha China NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering School of Basic Medical Science Central South University 172 Tongzipo Road Hunan Province Changsha China Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province Reproductive & Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya 567 Tongzipo Road Hunan Province Changsha China School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen 2001 Longxiang Boulevard Longgang District Shenzhen China Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems Dalian University of Technolgy 2 Linggong Road Liaoning Province Dalian China Department of Computer Science University of Toronto 40 St George Street TorontoONM5S 2E4 Canada Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Nanjing University Medical School 321 Zhongshan Road Jiangsu Province Nanjing China National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cell 8 Luyun Road Jiangsu Province Changsha China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 10 King’s College Road TorontoONM5S 3G8 Canada Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto 164 College Street TorontoONM5S 3G9 Canada

Background: Selecting the blastocyst with the highest potential for live birth from a cohort is crucial for the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF). While the Gardner and Schoolcraft morphological grading system, commonly known as the Gardner grading system, is widely used by embryologists worldwide, blastocysts having similar or the same inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) grades cause challenges for embryologists in decision-making. Furthermore, human assessment is subjective and inconsistent in predicting which blastocysts have higher potential to result in live birth. This study aims to develop an interpretable, quantitative method aligned with the Gardner grading system, providing continuous scores that correlate with live birth outcomes, thereby assisting embryologists in improving blastocyst selection. Methods: In this retrospective study, we developed GardnerNet, an interpretable deep learning model that outputs expansion degree grade and continuous scores quantifying a blastocyst's ICM morphology and TE morphology, based on the Gardner grading system. The continuous ICM and TE scores were calculated by weighting each base grade's predicted probability and summing the predicted probabilities. To represent each blastocyst's overall potential for live birth, we combined the ICM and TE scores using their odds ratios (ORs) for live birth. We further assessed the correlation between the ICM score, TE score, and the OR-combined score (adjusted for expansion degree) with live birth rates by applying GardnerNet to blastocysts with known live birth outcomes. To test its generalizability, we also applied GardnerNet to an external IVF institution, accounting for variations in imaging conditions, live birth rates, and embryologists' experience levels. Findings: GardnerNet was developed using data from 2760 blastocysts with majority-voted grades for expansion degree, ICM, and TE. The model achieved mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve

关键词： Risk assessment

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Toward robotically automated femoral vascular access

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Zevallos, Nico Harber, Evan Abhimanyu Patel, Kirtan Gu, Yizhu Sladick, Kenny Guyette, Francis Weiss, Leonard Pinsky, Michael R. Gomez, Hernando Galeotti, John Choset, Howie Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh United States Department of Emergency Medicine University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15261 United States Department of Critical Care Medicine University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15261 United States UPMC Emergency Department STAT MedEvac

Advanced resuscitative technologies, such as Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) cannulation or Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA), are technically difficult even for skilled medical personnel. This paper describes the core technologies that comprise a teleoperated system capable of granting femoral vascular access, which is an important step in both of these procedures and a major roadblock in their wider use in the field. These technologies include a kinematic manipulator, various sensing modalities, and a user interface. In addition, we evaluate our system on a surgical phantom as well as in-vivo porcine experiments. These resulted in, to the best of our knowledge, the first robot-assisted arterial catheterizations;a major step towards our eventual goal of automatic catheter insertion through the Seldinger technique. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Diagnosis

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Urban air pollution and emergency department visits for injury in Edmonton and Toronto, Canada (vol 4, 100020, 2022)

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HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ADVANCES 2022年 4卷

作者： Szyszkowicz, Mieczyslaw Thomson, Errol M. de Angelis, Nicholas Lavoie, Curtis Thang Chien Nguyen Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau Health Canada Ottawa Canada Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology University of Ottawa Ottawa Canada Biomedical Program Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Carleton University Ottawa Canada Curtis Lavoie Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Ottawa Canada University of Ha Noi Information Technology Faculty Ha Noi Viet Nam

Air pollution is associated with a broad spectrum of health conditions. Among the reported associations are central nervous system effects, suggesting that air pollution may also affect human behavior and reaction time, which could in turn increase likelihood of injury. Injuries impose a significant public health and economic toll, but to our knowledge the relationship with air pollution has not been examined. This study investigated associations between air pollution and emergency department (ED) visits for injury and poisoning in two Canadian cities (Edmonton, Toronto). Daily concentrations of carbon monoxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), and two air quality indexes (AQHI, AQHIX; incorporating O 3 , NO 2 , and PM 2.5 ), were considered. A time-stratified case-crossover design and conditional Poisson regression models were used to study short-term exposure effects (0 to 14 day lags). The analysis was done by sex, age group, and season. Significant positive associations were observed in both cities, albeit with some differences in the pattern of effects across strata. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for an interquartile range (IQR) increase of NO 2 (IQR=13.0 ppb, Edmonton) in cold season (October-March) for male were RR=1.012 (95% CI: 1.005, 1.018), 1.025 (1.018, 1.031), 1.026 (1.020, 1.033), and 1.025 (1.019, 1.032), for lags from 0 to 3 days, respectively. The corresponding results in Toronto (IQR=8.8 ppb) were: 1.010 (1.004, 1.017), 1.007 (1.000, 1.013), 1.009 (1.003, 1.016), and 1.007 (1.000, 1.013). The data suggest a potential association between air pollution and increased number of ED visits for injury.

关键词： Ambient air pollution Behavior Exposure Injury Poisoning

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The effect of chitosan hybrid nanoparticle-based nanovaccines (C-Nps) on the tissue damage of cantang grouper fish infected with viral nervous necrosis

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3027卷

作者： Uun Yanuhar Gunanti Mahasri Heru Suryanto Salman Bin Yunus Syamlan Nur Sakinah Junirahma Nico Rahman Caesar Aquatic Resources Management Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science Universitas Brawijaya Malang East Java 65145 Indonesia Department of Aquaculture Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga Surabaya East Java 60115 Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Malang Malang East Java Indonesia Master Program of Aquaculture Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science University of Brawijaya Malang East Java 65145 Indonesia Doctoral Program of Environmental Science Postgraduate Program University of Brawijaya Malang East Java 65415 Indonesia

The Cantang Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus-lanceoulatus) is a mating of the female Tiger Grouper fish (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and the male Kertang grouper fish (Epinephelus lanceoulatus). However, in farming activities, the Cantang Grouper fish can be affected by a VNN infection. One way to deal with the VNN infection is by giving recombinant nano-vaccine from the microalga Chlorella Vulgaris. This study aims to determine the effect of recombinant nano-vaccine administration of the microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris on the growth of the fish weight, length, and eye tissue in the Cantang grouper fish (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus lanceolatus) infected with Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN). The method used in this study is experimental. The test results showed that the administration of the recombinant C. vulgaris (p-PerCv) vaccine affected the growth in length and weight of the Cantang grouper, this was because the growth in length and weight of its from the treatment group was significantly different from the control group (0.039<0.05). Known by the ANOVA test and also has a different effect on the level of damage to eye tissue both damage to hypertrophy, vacuolization, and necrosis. The results of the Tukey test showed that the treatment that had a significant effect was the T1 treatment (treatment of healthy fish +33l of recombinant C. vulgaris vaccine (p-PerCv) +8.5l of Chitosan nanoparticles).

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Testing specificity and sensitivity of wastewater-based epidemiology for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in four communities on Vancouver Island, Canada

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Environmental Advances 2022年 9卷 100310页

作者： Masri, Nadia Zeina Card, Kiffer George Caws, Emmanuelle A. Babcock, Alana Powell, Ryan Lowe, Christopher J. Donovan, Shelley Norum, Shelley Lyons, Shirley De Pol, Sean Kostenchuk, Lareina Dorea, Caetano Lachowsky, Nathan J. Willerth, Stephanie M. Fyles, Thomas M. Buckley, Heather L. Division of Medical Sciences University of Victoria Victoria V8W 2Y2 BC Canada Faculty of Health Sciences Simon Fraser University Canada Department of Civil Engineering and Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC) University of Victoria Canada Environmental Monitoring Program Capital Regional District Canada Regional District of Nanaimo Canada Pani Energy Inc. Canada Department of Civil Engineering Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC) University of Victoria Canada School of Public Health and Social Policy University of Victoria Canada Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Medical Sciences University of Victoria Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC) University of Victoria Canada School of Biomedical Engineering University of British Columbia Canada

We report wastewater surveillance of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 based upon 24-h composite influent samples taken weekly from four wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) on Vancouver Island, BC, Canada between January 3, 2021 and July 10, 2021. Samples were analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction targeting the N1 and N2 gene fragments of SARS-CoV-2 and a region of the replication associate protein of the pepper mottle mosaic virus (PMMoV) serving as endemic control. Only a small proportion of samples had quantifiable levels of N1 or N2. Overall case rates are weakly correlated with the concentration (gene copies/L) and with the flux of viral material influent to the WWTP (gene copies/day);the latter accounts for influent flow variations. Poisson multimodal rank correlation accounts for differences between the four WWTP and shows a significant correlation with a significant positive intercept. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis confirms a cut-off of cases based on amplified/not-amplified experimental data. At the optimal cut point of 19 (N1) or 17 (N2) cases/week/100,000 the sensitivity and specificity is about 75% for N1 and 67% for N2. © 2022 The Authors

关键词： Pepper mild mottle virus qPCR SARS-CoV-2 Sensitivity Specificity Wastewater surveillance Wastewater-based epidemiology

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Complementing Haptic Shared Control With Visual Feedback for Obstacle Avoidance

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2019年第19期52卷 371-376页

作者： Wilco Vreugdenhil Sarah Barendswaard David A. Abbink Clark Borst Sebastiaan M. Petermeijer Department of Cognitive Robotics Faculty of Mechanical Maritime and Materials Engineering Department of Control & Operations Faculty of Aerospace Engineering Delft University of Technology Delft the Netherlands

For automated vehicles (SAE Level 2-3) part of the challenge lies in communicating to the driver what control actions the automation is taking and will take, and what its capabilities are. A promising approach is haptic shared control (HSC), which uses continuous torques on the steering wheel to communicate the automation’s current control actions. However, torques on the steering wheel cannot communicate future spatiotemporal constraints, that might be required to judge appropriate overtaking or obstacle avoidance. A visualisation of predicted vehicle trajectory, along with velocity-dependent constraints with respect to achievable trajectories is proposed. The goal of this paper is to experimentally compare obstacle avoidance behaviour while driving with the designed visualisation against driving with a previously designed HSC, as well as the two support systems combined. It is expected that adding visual feedback improves obstacle avoidance and user acceptance, and reduces control effort with respect to HSC only. In a driving simulator experiment, 26 participants drove three trials with each feedback condition (visual, HSC, and combination) and had to avoid obstacles that appeared with a Time to collision of either 1.85 s (critical) or 4.7 s (non-criticall). Results showed that, compared to HSC only, the HSC and visual combination yielded slightly smaller safety margins to the obstacle, a significant reduction of control activity on straights, and increased subjective acceptance rating. Visual and HSC offered a beneficial synergy, as it seemed the visual feedback allowed drivers to anticipate the effect of their steering actions on the car’s trajectory more accurately, and the HSC reduced the intra-subject variability. Future research should investigate the effects of added visual feedback in more detail, specifically in terms of the effectiveness to communicate automation capabilities and driver gaze behavior.

关键词： Haptic Shared Control Visual Feedback Ecological Interface Design Obstacle avoidance

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Data-Driven Predictive Control Towards Multi-Agent Motion Planning With Non-Parametric Closed-Loop Behavior Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Ma, Jun Cheng, Zilong Wang, Wenxin Al Mamun, Abdullah de Silva, Clarence W. Heng Lee, Tong Robotics and Autonomous Systems Thrust The Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117583 Singapore Department of Mechanical Engineering University of British Columbia VancouverBCV6T 1Z4 Canada

In many specific scenarios, accurate and effective system identification is a commonly encountered challenge in the model predictive control (MPC) formulation. As a consequence, the overall system performance could be significantly weakened in outcome when the traditional MPC algorithm is adopted under those circumstances when such accuracy is lacking. This paper investigates a non-parametric closed-loop behavior learning method for multi-agent motion planning, which underpins a data-driven predictive control framework. Utilizing an innovative methodology with closed-loop input/output measurements of the unknown system, the behavior of the system is learned based on the collected dataset, and thus the constructed non-parametric predictive model can be used to determine the optimal control actions. This non-parametric predictive control framework alleviates the heavy computational burden commonly encountered in the optimization procedures typically in alternate methodologies requiring open-loop input/output measurement data collection and parametric system identification. The proposed data-driven approach is also shown to preserve good robustness properties. Finally, a multi-UAV system is used to demonstrate the highly effective outcome of this promising development. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Model predictive control

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Manufacturing analysis of the extrusion machine for the filament of 3D printing

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期2838卷

作者： Heny Pasandang Nari Mahadir Sirman Syah Risal Rusdi Nur Mechanical Engineering Study Program Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Makassar Jalan Salodong Biringkanaya Makassar 90552 South Sulawesi Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Department Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10 Makassar 90245 South Sulawesi Indonesia Center for Materials and Manufacturing Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10 Makassar 90245 South Sulawesi Indonesia

Plastic is one type of material that is quite widely used today, ranging from industrial, and educational to household purposes. Nowadays, plastic can be found in many ways in its utilization and processing technology, one of which is as a material or material in the use of 3D printer machines, plastic in this case is known as filament. In the process, this filament can be made either by using an extrusion method or using an extruder machine. Plastic extrusion machines are used to carry out the extrusion or shaping process by utilizing shredded plastic by using high temperatures for the melting process and being reshaped with a mold into a certain shape. This study aims to analyze the manufacturing process of extrusion machines for filament including the manufacturing cost to obtain a low production cost. The design of the extrusion machine is made with the principle of a horizontal shape and uses a screw conveyor as a material driver in the extrusion process. Filament Making Extrusion Machine uses HDPE plastic ore test material to print filament with a rotation specification of 31.81 rpm and power of 915watt on the heating element band heater. The extrusion machine design process uses a screw conveyor system with standard flight or standard knives. The size of the screw conveyor is 500mm long, 50mm screw diameter, and 25mm pitch distance followed by the total dimensions. The extrusion machine has dimensions of 800 x 400 x 600mm. In terms of manufacturing cost analysis, the extrusion machine can be made at a low cost of 9,284,279.53. IDR. Based on the results of the analysis, it is concluded that the extrusion machine that is designed and made can function to print plastic in the form of filaments and has a low cost in the manufacturing process.

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