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46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2024

作者： McPherson, Laura M. Reece, Tanner M. Beauchamp, James A. Lohse, Keith R. Washington University School of Medicine Program in Physical Therapy St. Louis United States Carnegie Mellon University Department of Mechanical Engineering PittsburghPA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371499

The motor unit, consisting of a single α-motoneuron and the muscle fibers it innervates, is a neuromechanical transducer that transforms neural inputs from afferent, spinal, and descending sources into motoneuron discharge patterns and resulting muscle forces. The neural inputs that converge on the motoneuron constitute the motor command and are classified into three types: excitatory, inhibitory, and neuromodulatory. Motoneurons have complex and malleable input/output functions that depend on the mixture of excitatory, inhibitory, and neuromodulatory input. Recently, a reverse engineering paradigm was developed to identify temporal features of motoneuron discharge that can estimate aspects of excitatory, inhibitory, and neuromodulatory input. However, the common parameters used are sensitive to more than one type of input. The purpose of this study was to explore relationships among the reverse engineering parameters and to determine if the parameter set can be reduced to a smaller number of dimensions that summarize patterns in the data. We performed principal component (PC) analysis on seven reverse engineering parameters and found PCs corresponding to the amplification aspect of neuromodulation, the prolongation aspect of neuromodulation, and the pattern of inhibition. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Reverse engineering

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Excitations in layered materials from a non-empirical Wannier-localized optimally-tuned screened rangeseparated hybrid functional

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npj Computational Materials 2024年第1期10卷 132-140页

作者： María Camarasa-Gómez Stephen E.Gant Guy Ohad Jeffrey B.Neaton Ashwin Ramasubramaniam Leeor Kronik Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovoth7610001Israel Department of Physics University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at Berkeley University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMA01003USA Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program University of MassachusettsAmherstAmherstMA01003USA

Accurate prediction of electronic and optical excitations in van der Waals(vdW)materials is a long-standing challenge for density functional *** recent Wannier-localized optimally-tuned screened range-separated hybrid(WOT-SRSH)functional has proven successful in non-empirical determination of electronic band gaps and optical absorption spectra for covalent and ionic ***,for vdW materials the tuning of the material-and structure-dependent functional parameters has only been attained ***,we present a non-empirical WOT-SRSH approach applicable to vdW materials,with the optimal functional parameters transferable between monolayer and *** apply this methodology to prototypical vdW materials:black phosphorus,molybdenum disulfide,and hexagonal boron nitride(in the latter case including zero-point renormalization).We show that the WOT-SRSH approach consistently achieves accuracy levels comparable to experiments and many-body perturbation theory(MBPT)calculations for band structures and optical absorption spectra,both on its own and as an optimal starting point for MBPT calculations.

关键词： theory optimal functional

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Label-Free Classification of L-Histidine Vs Artificial Human Sweat Using Laser Scribed Electrodes and a Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network 46

Label-Free Classification of L-Histidine Vs Artificial Human...

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46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2024

作者： García-Rodríguez, William Saavedra-Ruiz, Andrés Resto-Irizarry, Pedro J. University of Puerto Rico Department of Mechanical Engineering Mayagüez00680 Puerto Rico University of Puerto Rico Bioengineering Graduate Program Mayagüez00680 Puerto Rico

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371499

A challenge in wearable technology lies in the realtime monitoring of molecular biomarkers associated with human health. Electrochemical sensors are one of the most useful tools for this purpose and are commonly used in health monitoring devices. Electrochemical biosensing is particularly convenient when used in user-friendly, low-cost devices for testing noninvasive body fluids such as sweat and saliva. However, achieving high selectivity and specificity in measurements depends on the complexity of the biomarker and the stability of the biomarker capture molecule. In this study, laser-scribed electrodes (LSEs) were manufactured using a CO2 laser cutter on Polyimide for the label-free classification of sweat components. Cyclic voltammetry experiments were performed on artificial human sweat and the sweat component L-Histidine. The resulting voltammogram data served as input to train a Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network (MLP-NN) algorithm capable of classifying L-Histidine and artificial sweat. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Carbon dioxide lasers

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Linear Fresnel collector (LFC) for enhancing solar water desalination process 8

Linear Fresnel collector (LFC) for enhancing solar water des...

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8th International engineering Conference on Renewable Energy and Sustainability, ieCRES 2023

作者： El-Khozondar, Hala J. Elnaggar, Mohamed Elnaggar, Mohamed Ellouh, Ahmed Omar Alghaffari, Mahmoud Walid Nassar, Hamza Bassam Alnahhal, Mohammed Islamic University of Gaza Electrical Engineering and Smart Systems Department Palestine Palestine Technical College - Deir El-Balah Engineering Program Department Palestine Wadi Alshatti University Mechanical & Renewable Energy Eng. Dept Brack Libya Al-Azhar University Renewable Energy Engineering Department Gaza Palestine Islamic University of Gaza Mechanical Engineering Department Palestine Israa University-Palestine Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology Palestine

ISBN: (纸本)9798350300758

The limited availability of clean water resources in Gaza Strip is due to the increasing salinity of groundwater, which is due to unbalanced consumption. Furthermore, the increase in the poverty level among the people and the lack of fossil fuel resources, and the high intensity of solar radiation in the strip have grabbed the attention of the authors to think about a suitable alternative to produce potable water via solar energy. This study aims to investigate the linear Fresnel collector (LFC) coupled with a solar still-single effect active system. The solar still was designed to match the LFC output to avoid any heat losses that may decrease the system's effectiveness. A CFD simulation was carried out using Ansys Fluent software to predict temperature and pressure distributions to find out the efficiency of the LFC collector. The results showed that the use of LFC leads to an increase in the efficiency of the solar still, and the daily production of distilled water reaches 1.5 Litre /m2 © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Potable water

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Effect of Heat Treatments on Microstructure and mechanical Properties of Fe-Mn-Ni-Al-Gd Shape Memory Alloy

Effect of Heat Treatments on Microstructure and Mechanical P...

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2023 Sharjah International Conference on Physics of Advanced Materials, SICPAM 2023

作者： Mustafa, Faisal Egilmez, Mehmet Abuzaid, Wael El-Khatib, Sami Department of Physics American University of Sharjah Sharjah26666 United Arab Emirates Materials Science and Engineering Program American University of Sharjah Sharjah26666 United Arab Emirates Department of Mechanical Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah26666 United Arab Emirates

There are significant scientific and industrial efforts to develop and optimize Iron-based shape memory alloys (SMA) such as FeMnNiAl for cost-sensitive applications. This alloy system shows shape memory and superelastic properties across a large temperature range. However, many studies have pointed out the need for rather complex thermo-mechanical treatments for the optimization of the SMA properties. In addition, works considering the effects of alloying on the development of microstructures that are more conducive to pseudo-elasticity in this system remain limited. Hence, systematic studies aiming at the investigation of the microstructural evolution of the FeMnNiAl(Gd) system are of great interest. In this study, solution heat treatment is done to tune the microstructure for optimum mechanical properties. The effect of phase distribution on mechanical properties is investigated at different heat treatments. Whereas cyclic heat treatment induced abnormal grain growth (AGG) in all samples, so large grains were obtained. The phase variation and elemental composition are analyzed by X-ray diffraction and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, respectively. The microstructure and phase distribution are observed using Scanning Electron Microscope and then related to the microhardness results. The microstructure has a good correlation with mechanical properties where the fine distribution of phases results in a higher hardness number. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Microstructure

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Homogenization Technique of Magnetostriction Calculation in Laminated Iron Core 26

Homogenization Technique of Magnetostriction Calculation in ...

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26th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS 2023

作者： Gao, Yanhui Fujita, Hiroki Guan, Weimin Muramatsu, Kazuhiro Oita University Intelligent Mechanical Systems Program Oita Japan Wuhan University School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Wuhan China Saga University Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Saga Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350317589

Accurate displacement calculation in the laminated iron cores of electric machines is important for the accurate prediction of noise generation in the electric machines. The authors proposed a modeling method of displacements due to magnetostriction in the laminated iron core using a homogenization model with equivalent anisotropic magnetic and elastic parameters. The calculated displacements obtained from the homogenization model are compared with those of the real laminated iron core model, and the solid core model neglecting the laminated structure. The homogenization model shows good agreement with the real model. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Iron

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A Hybrid Rolling and Flying Robot for Pipeline Fault Detection Using Deep Learning

A Hybrid Rolling and Flying Robot for Pipeline Fault Detecti...

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2023 Advances in Science and engineering Technology International Conferences, ASET 2023

作者： Ghaly, Megan Mitra, Rohan Rayess, Abdullah Al Ahmed, Assem Varam, Dara Jaradat, Mohammad A. Pasquier, Michel Khalil, Ahmed American University of Sharjah Department of Mechanical Engineering Sharjah United Arab Emirates American University of Sharjah Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sharjah United Arab Emirates American University of Sharjah Mechatronics Engineering Gradute Program Sharjah United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9781665454742

The Middle Eastern and North African region is highly reliant on the oil and gas industry. Subsequently, the need for pipeline inspection and fault diagnosis has become paramount. Current inspection methods rely on manual procedures that introduce sources of error into the results. In this paper, the design for a hybrid rolling and flying unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for pipeline inspection is proposed. The UAV was developed with a rolling frame capable of landing on pipelines to externally inspect them for cracks, leaks, or faults by traversing along the pipeline's surface while maintaining its stability. The hybrid UAV uses a camera to classify cracks along the surface of the pipeline using deep learning models. The paper then tests several models and deploys the best model found during testing -MobileNet100 along with the proposed design for the UAV. Finally, the prototype that was presented in this paper has been tested within a controlled environment to verify the compliance of the flying, rolling and fault detection subsystems. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Fault detection

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Development of In-Vivo Rabbit Model of Human Finger Skin Injuries for Determining Safety Criteria for Human-Robot Contact 23

Development of In-Vivo Rabbit Model of Human Finger Skin Inj...

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23rd International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems, ICCAS 2023

作者： Fujikawa, Tatsuo Okai, Kazumi Yamada, Yoji Rajaei, Nader Nishimoto, Tetsuya College of Engineering Nihon University Koriyama963-8642 Japan Nagoya University Department of Mechanical System Engineering Nagoya464-8608 Japan Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence Technical University of Munich Munich80992 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9788993215274

An in-vivo rabbit model was developed to enable experiments for deciding the safety criteria for skin injuries in human-robot contact. The skin of the human finger was considered as a part vulnerable to harm during human-robot collaboration. The forearms and lower legs of rabbits were selected for substituting the human fingers. Computerized tomography imaging of the rabbit subjects and magnetic resonance imaging of human fingers were performed. Based on the captured images, the caudal part of the rabbit forearm and the lateral part of the rabbit lower leg were confirmed to have dimensions similar to the lateral part and the dorsal part of the human finger, respectively. Test equipment was developed to induce dynamic contacts between the rabbit parts and impactors at a velocity of 250 mm/s with a contact duration shorter than 100 ms. The dynamic pinching of fingers was represented by experiments using a wedge-shaped impactor with a rounded ridge to contact the skin and a flat-ended cylindrical impactor with a diameter of 10 mm. The skin opening and the bruising caused by the contact were investigated after the experiments. The model was confirmed to be applicable to the experiments for deciding the safety criteria. © 2023 ICROS.

关键词： Risk assessment

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Clinical Biomarkers to Evaluate Next Generation Inhaled Tobacco Products’ Effect in the Oral Cavity: a Narrative Review

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Current Oral Health Reports 2024年第1期11卷 30-39页

作者： Sarles, S. Emma Hensel, Edward C. Rahman, Irfan Robinson, Risa J. Biomedical and Chemical Engineering PhD Program Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester NY United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Respiratory Technologies Lab Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester NY United States Department of Environmental Medicine Rahman Lab University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY United States

Purpose of Review: Biomarkers in the oral cavity of users of next generation tobacco products, such as electronic cigarettes (EC), provide data about effects on oral and systemic health and help predict long-term health effects, such as cardiovascular, respiratory, and periodontal disease. Despite oral cavity health provides, translation of findings to regulatory outcomes around EC is lacking. A review of the current state of the art in use of clinical biomarkers of the oral cavity was conducted. This identified inconsistencies and gaps in tobacco regulatory science to address how to improve clinical studies for screening tobacco products and studying disease. Recent Findings: The review identified that saliva and buccal biopsies provide dependable biomarkers of oral and systemic health when several parameters of health are standardized and considered. Inflammatory cytokines in oral tissue and biofluids of EC users are conflicting due to differences in sample collection and analysis techniques. Salivary C-reactive protein levels provide information about systemic inflammation and risk of cardiovascular disease, but analysis of this biomarker in the oral cavity does not appear in the current literature. The oral microbiome plays a significant role in human health and may be a useful tool to study systemic effects of tobacco products non-invasively, yet inconsistencies in reporting metrics make studies difficult to compare or translate into tangible outcomes. Effects of tobacco product use on hard dental tissue are not widely investigated despite correlations observed between e-cigarette use and broken teeth. Summary: This review provides a comprehensive update on clinical biomarkers in systemic and oral diseases associated with emerging nicotine products. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Biomarkers Electronic cigarette Oral health Tobacco regulatory science Vaping

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Predictive Modeling of Human Fatigue in a Manufacturing-Like Setting

Predictive Modeling of Human Fatigue in a Manufacturing-Like...

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American Control Conference (ACC)

作者： Abigail Rafter lDawn M. Tilbury Kira Barton Robotics Department University of Michigan Ann Arbor Mechanical Engineering Department University of Michigan Ann Arbor

ISBN: (数字)9798350382655

ISBN: (纸本)9798350382662

Humans are an essential part of Smart Manufacturing systems. While modeling machines based on real-time data and knowledge from subject matter experts has been widely explored, modeling humans has not. Modeling humans presents significant challenges due to the heterogeneity of individuals and the stochasticity that may be introduced through individual decisions based on events. We hypothesize that human behavior within a controlled environment and task will lie within a predictable scope that can give insight into future behavioral states of humans, such as fatigue. Human fatigue affects workers' productivity, safety, and performance in manufacturing systems. We define fatigue as measurable tiredness resulting from physical exertion. If we can predict when a human worker will become fatigued, breaks or task changes can be preemptively incorporated into system planning to maintain desired levels of productivity and safety. In this paper, we propose a modeling structure to describe fatigue in humans performing repetitive, manufacturing-like tasks. Using first order techniques, the model incorporates task context and physiological sensor data. A case study in which the participant completes a repetitive cable assembly task provides a demonstration of model development. We derived linear time-invariant state space models that are capable of predicting fatigue levels with high accuracy over a 20 minute time horizon.

关键词： Productivity Accuracy Predictive models Fatigue Data models Physiology Safety

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