Visual observations provide an important foundation for physical therapist (PT) decision making in balance rehabilitation. This study used eye tracking to identify areas of the body focused on by PTs while evaluating ...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798350371499
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350371505
Visual observations provide an important foundation for physical therapist (PT) decision making in balance rehabilitation. This study used eye tracking to identify areas of the body focused on by PTs while evaluating standing balance across different exercise difficulties. Eye tracking data were obtained from five PTs who observed and rated older adults performing standing balance exercises, using a five-point scale. Excluding ratings of five, PTs had an average of approximately 215% more mean visits and an average of approximately 195% longer mean average visit durations to the lower extremities (LE) compared to the other regions of the body. However, visits to the LE shortened with increasing balance challenge, with approximately 75% shorter mean average visit durations to the LE for exercises rated as five compared to exercises rated as one. The number of visits to the head increased with balance challenge, with approximately 230% more mean number of visits to the head for ratings of five compared to ratings of one. Shortened visit durations and an increased number of visits to the upper body suggest an increase in whole body scan patterns with increasing challenge level.
An active noise control system using giant magnetostrictive actuator has been proposed as a countermeasure for interior noise of the ultra-compact mobilities, which is a new transportation tools. In this paper, as bas...
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We have developed an optical feedback control system with synchronous control of active particles to study collective motion in nature. Fish-like vortex is observed within a circular confined geometry based on the par...
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This paper presents the design of a neck exoskeleton to assist with head-neck motion for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Motor neuron degeneration caused by ALS can lead to neck muscle weakness, res...
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This paper presents the design of a neck exoskeleton to assist with head-neck motion for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Motor neuron degeneration caused by ALS can lead to neck muscle weakness, resulting in head drop (chin-on-chest posture). Current treatment using static neck collars is inadequate because these collars completely immobilize the head. A powered neck exoskeleton (Columbia exoskeleton) was previously developed to assist with head-neck movements but its structural limitations hindered its usability for patients with severe head drop. In this paper, we introduce the Utah neck exoskeleton which improved the structural stability of the previous Columbia design by (1) optimizing the transmission efficiency and range of motion, and (2) using more precise mechanical components. We quantified the structural stability of the Utah neck exoskeleton and demonstrated its usability with a healthy volunteer. The results show that the Utah neck exoskeleton has a suitable structure to potentially assist with head-neck movements for patients with severe ALS head drop.
The incorporation of micro-heaters in medical analysis devices significantly aided in the miniaturization of such devices and shortened the processing time. Despite the fact that various micro-heater designs have been...
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The MONITOR Project is born to respond to the increasing demand for highly accurate and quick inventorying operations. For this purpose, an automatic Ultra-High-Frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) sy...
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Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite may be the only known monatomic crystal with the ability to host naturally formed moiré patterns on its cleaved surfaces, which are coherent over micrometer scales and with disc...
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Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite may be the only known monatomic crystal with the ability to host naturally formed moiré patterns on its cleaved surfaces, which are coherent over micrometer scales and with discrete sets of twist angles of fixed periodicity. Such an aspect is in marked contrast to twisted bilayer graphene and other multilayered systems, where the long-range coherence of the moiré is not easily maintained due to twist angle disorder. We investigate the electronic and mechanical response of coherent graphite moiré patterns through inducing external strain from scanning tunneling microscopy tip-induced deformation. Consequently, unique anisotropic mechanical characteristics are revealed. For example, a lateral widening of one-dimensional domain walls (DWs) bridging Bernal (ABA) and rhombohedral (ABC) stacking domains (A, B, and C refer to the atomic layer positioning), was indicated. Further, in situ tunneling spectroscopy as a function of the deformation indicated a tendency towards increased electrical conductance, which may be associated with a higher density of electronic states, and the consequent flattening of the electronic energy band dispersion. Such features were probed across the DWs, with implications for strain-induced electronic modulation of the moiré characteristics.
Transporting payload with precise swing angles and transfer times poses a challenging task in building construction, which is why gantry crane systems are extensively utilized. Various control strategies, including op...
Transporting payload with precise swing angles and transfer times poses a challenging task in building construction, which is why gantry crane systems are extensively utilized. Various control strategies, including open-loop and closed-loop systems, have been proposed to tackle this issue. However, most of these controllers rely on a model and parameters specific to the crane system, making the process of modeling and parameter identification complex and time-consuming. To address this challenge, this work presents a practical and simulation control method for automatic gantry cranes, which is evaluated simulation and experimentally. The lab-scale Gantry crane is developed in this work, which consists of mechanical and electrical parts. Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID) and Proportional Derivative (PD) controllers which applied optimization method are implemented in the electrical part of the system. The PID and PD controller applied in controlled the position and swing angle, respectively. The Gradient Decent optimization method is the best optimization method in determining the parameter of the controller, since it has the best simulation performance in the output of the system. The experimental result is developed and compared between simulation and lab-scale Gantry crane hardware implementation part. The performance of experimental results is shown appropriately approaching the performance of the simulation result, with the approximately settling time.
Recent works in Task and Motion Planning (TAMP) show that training control policies on language-supervised robot trajectories with quality labeled data markedly improves agent task success rates. However, the scarcity...
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Temperature control is vital in micro-heaters used in medical devices such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The primary goal is to achieve tight control and a high rate of heating for a portable, low-cost medic...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781665480253
ISBN:
(纸本)9781665480253
Temperature control is vital in micro-heaters used in medical devices such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The primary goal is to achieve tight control and a high rate of heating for a portable, low-cost medical device. Even though the fact that several designs for micro-heaters have been proposed, uniform temperature distribution and the high-speed heating rate remain challenging for micro-heaters. This high speed is achieved by the reduction of the thermal mass. The most common methods for reducing thermal mass or heating time in a device are to establish a highly desired structural design and to select a better heating mechanism with a robust controller. Increasing the thermal mass improves temperature distribution on the heater surface but slows heat transfer. On the other hand, removing the thermal mass makes the controller struggle to provide a high-temperature uniformity distribution on the micro-heater surface. In this study, we provide a design of a cost-effective, high-speed, thin-film micro-heater based on the Joule heating technique. The CoventorWare software tool is used to simulate the temperature distribution of the micro-heater. The heater provides a well-distributed temperature on the heated surface. When a DC voltage of 24 V was applied for 250 s, a maximum temperature of 272 °C was obtained. Besides, the heater's average heating rate is 15 °C/s. The heater is then fabricated with the micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology on a silicon substrate. The transfer function of the heating system is computed. Two controllers are designed to control the temperature of the micro-heater and improve its response. The classical proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller produces rise time (Tr) of 21.9 s, settling time (Ts) of 73.3 s, and a maximum overshoot (Mp) of 4.8 %. Then by applying a fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controller, a great enhancement in the system performance is observed, the controller is
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