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Engine Performance Using Blended Fuels of Biodiesel and Eco Diesel

Energy engineering 2023年第1期120卷 107-123页

作者： Muhammad Idris IHusin Indra Hermawan Uun Novalia RDBatubara Nugroho Agung Pambudi Alfan Sarifudin Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Medan AreaMedan20156Indonesia Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Politeknik Negeri MedanMedan20156Indonesia Study Program of Industrial Engineering Universitas Harapan MedanMedan20156Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Education Universitas Sebelas MaretSurakarta57126Indonesia

Diesel engines is an internal combustion engine with high thermal efficiency,which also uses biodiesel fuel,an environmentally friendly,non-toxic,and low sulfur *** has been around for a long time due to its similar characteristics to diesel fuels which has limited ***,several disadvantages are associated with biodiesel,such as poor volatility and high viscosity,which reduces engine ***,this study was carried out to improve the diesel engine performance by mixing biodiesel with ecodiesel(ED),an additive produced from natural ingredients that is dissolvable in *** biodiesel fuel properties used are density 860 kg/m3,dynamic viscosity 4.50E-06 m2/s,cetane number 45,and flashpoint 52°*** results showed that biodiesel-ED mixture could improve engine performance and the optimum performance was at a speed of 3000 rpm on 43.30(kW),124.93(N.m)of the engine torque,and 2.45E–5(kg/kW.s)of the specific fuel *** to paired sample t-test,the difference in the engine performance is only experienced in the torque,which has a significant increase in the composition of the biodiesel+ED by 0.07 gr mixture.

关键词： Car vehicle experiment combustion ED renewable energy

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Diagnostic of Injury Risk in the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Based on Shape Context Description of the Intercondylar Notch Curvature

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Journal of engineering and Science in Medical Diagnostics and Therapy 2022年第2期5卷 021001页

作者： Dias, Joaõ Paulo Bhuiyan, Ariful Shamim, Nabila Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania 1871 Old Main Drive ShippensburgPA17257 United States Mechanical Engineering Program University of Houston Clear Lake 2700 Bay Area Blvd. HoustonTX77058 United States Department of Chemical Engineering Prairie View AandM University 100 University Drive Prairie ViewTX77446 United States

An estimated number of 300,000 new anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries occur each year in the United States. Recent studies have pointed out a correlation between the curvature of the femur intercondylar notch and the risk of noncontact ACL injury. Although several magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-based ACL diagnostics methods have already been proposed in the literature, most of them are based on machine learning or deep learning strategies, which are computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose a diagnostics framework for the risk of injury in the ACL based on the application of the inner-distance shape context (IDSC) to describe the curvature of the intercondylar notch from MR images. First, the contours of the intercondylar notch curvature from 91 MR images of the distal end of the femur (70 healthy and 21 with confirmed ACL injury) were extracted manually using standard image processing tools. Next, the IDSC was applied to calculate the similarity factor between the extracted contours and reference standard curvatures. Finally, probability density functions of the similarity factor data were obtained through parametric statistical inference, and the accuracy of the ACL injury risk diagnostics framework was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC). The overall results for the area under the curve (AUC) showed that the method reached a maximum accuracy of about 66%. Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity results showed that an optimum discrimination threshold value for the similarity factor can be pursued that minimizes the incidence of false positives and false negatives simultaneously. © 2022 American Society of mechanical Engineers (ASME). All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetic resonance

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A Novel Non-Linear Peridynamic Model for Quasi-Brittle Materials Under Cyclic Loading

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Friedrich, Leandro F. Colpo, Angélica B. Iturrioz, Ignacio Zanichelli, Andrea Vantadori, Sabrina Departament of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Pampa Av. Tiaraju 810 AlegreteCEP 97546-550 Brazil Mechanical Post-Graduate Program Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Sarmento Leite 425 Porto AlegreCEP 90050-170 Brazil Department of Engineering & Architecture University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A Parma43124 Italy

In the present paper, a novel non-linear peridynamic (PD) model is proposed to numerically simulate the fatigue behaviour of quasi-brittle materials. The model implements a non-linear degradation law for the bonds, function of the number of loading cycles. More precisely, a calibration function and a calibration parameter are included in such a law. The novel PD model is applied to simulate cyclic three-point bending experimental tests performed on concrete notched beams, and available in the literature. The results are presented in terms of fatigue lifetime, Paris law parameters and crack path. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bending tests

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Numerical analysis of the influence of the contact boundary condition and specimen geometry on concrete compressive strength

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Procedia Structural Integrity 2023年 47卷 261-267页

作者： Caroline Bremm Luísa Inda Leandro Ferreira Friedrich Sabrina Vantadori Ignacio Iturrioz Luis Kosteski Engineering Post Graduation Program Federal University of Pampa Av. Tiaraju 810 Alegrete 97546-550 Brazil Civil Engineering Graduate Program Federal University of Pampa Av. Tiaraju 810 Alegrete 97546-550 Brazil Program of Mechanical Pos-Graduation Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Sarmento Leite 425 Porto Alegre 90040-060 Brazil Department of Engineering & Architecture University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A 43124 Parma Italy

In the present paper, the influence of the contact boundary condition and specimen geometry on the concrete compressive strength is numerically investigated by using a version of the Lattice Discrete Element Method (LDEM), implemented on Abaqus/Explicit. More precisely, two types of contact boundary conditions are considered and, for each of them, three different slenderness levels (height/width ratio - h/b) are analyzed (that is, h/b = 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0) by considering a square cross-section. Moreover, for h/b = 2.0, a circular cross-section is also examined. Two models are developed: one by using the LDEM and the other by using a hybrid model, combining Finite Elements and LDEs. The results show that both the boundary conditions and the sample geometry influence the axial compressive strength.

关键词： Abaqus concrete compressive strength Lattice Discrete Element Method (LDEM)

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Magnetic Resonance Image Based Computational Modeling for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Response at Low Knee Flexion Angle

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Journal of engineering and Science in Medical Diagnostics and Therapy 2021年第1期4卷 011001页

作者： Bhuiyan, Ariful I. Shamim, Nabila Ekwaro-Osire, Stephen Mechanical Engineering Program University of Houston-Clear Lake 2700 Bay Area Boulevard STEM 2001 Room No. 2234 HoustonTX77058 United States Chemical Engineering Department Prairie View AandM University 700 University Drive CL Wilson Room No. 201G Prairie ViewTX77446 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas Tech University 805 Boston Avenue ME South Room 201 LubbockTX79409 United States

A three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) human knee joint model developed from magnetic resonance images (MRIs) has been validated with the sets of experimental results in a normalized scale. The performance of the 3D FE knee joint model has been tested, simulating a physical experiment. The experiment provided the direct measurement of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) strains due to the forces of quadriceps muscle force (QMF) followed by ground reaction force (GRF) at low knee flexion. Accurate and precise anatomy has been obtained from segmented MRI images. The ACL strain subject to the loading was calculated and analyzed compared with the measured data from the experimental tests. The study shows that the pre-Activated ACL strain, which is measured before the application of GRF, increased nonlinearly with increasing QMF before landing. However, the total ACL strain, which is measured after both QMF and GRF applied, reaches out to the limited constant value (6%) instead of crossing the ACL failure value. These results suggest that the forces generated from QMF and GRF at low flexion may not bring ACL to a failure level as presented in the experimental tests. The results of the FE model fall into the standard deviations of the 22 cadaveric knees testing results, which represents the successful mechanical modeling of ACL and the surrounding structures of the human knee joint. The model may further be used to investigate the risks of the ACL injury. © 2021 American Society of mechanical Engineers (ASME). All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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Tetrahedral meshing for a slanted semi-elliptical surface crack at a solid cylinder

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engineering Fracture Mechanics 2021年 241卷 107400-107400页

作者： Teh, S. Andriyana, A. Ramesh, S. Putra, I.S. Kadarno, P. Purbolaksono, J. Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia Mechanical Engineering Program Area Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Brunei GadongBE1410 Brunei Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology Universitas Pertamina Jakarta12220 Indonesia Lightweight Structures Research Group Faculty of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung40132 Indonesia

This technical note demonstrates the use of tetrahedral meshing for modelling a slanted semi-elliptical surface crack at a solid cylinder by finite element method (FEM). For a relatively small ratio of the crack depth over cylinder diameter, Modes I and II (in-plane) stress intensity factors (SIFs) at the corner points by FEM were observed to be in good agreements with those by the dual boundary element method (DBEM). Effect of the crack aspect ratio, crack size and loading mode on the corner point singularity was noted. The tearing loading mode was found to promote a greater corner point singularity. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Finite element method

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A Study on the Application Design of Soil Moisture Diffusion and Crop Roots According to Subsurface Irrigation Method

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Journal of Biosystems engineering 2021年第3期46卷 197-205页

作者： Kim, Jin Hyun Kim, Tae Wook Kim, Seol Ha Lee, Hwang Gyu Eum, Duk Ho Lee, Sang Hun Department of Precision Mechanical Engineering Kyungpook National University Sangju37224 Korea Republic of Young Engineering Education Program for Multidisciplinary Smart Disaster Management Kyungpook National University Sangju37224 Korea Republic of Nam Kyung Co. Ltd. 497-48 Chorok-Ro Yanggam-Myeon Gyeonggido 445-932 Hwaseong18626 Korea Republic of Department of Southern Area Crop Science National Institute of Crop Science Rural Development Administration Miryang50424 Korea Republic of

Purpose: Global climate change has increased drought frequency and caused significant damage to agricultural industries worldwide;for example, soybean yield has decreased by 30% on small-scale farms. Therefore, the development of subsurface irrigation methods, which conserve both water and labor, is urgently needed for open-field cropping systems. Although water and nutrient supply through subsurface irrigation shows clear advantages, the specific design of these irrigation systems relies on empirical data rather than systematic research and practical optimization. Because of irregularities and uncertainties in field soil conditions, the theoretical approach for water diffusion in soil frequently could give a wrong range of data to an irrigation system. In this study, the water diffusion by means of a commercial subsurface irrigation system has been experimentally tested in several soil types to get practical application and understand the water diffusion performance. Methods: In the present study, to better understand the shape of the subsurface diffusion plume in an open-field soybean crop during irrigation, we supplied 4 L of water through 3 mm vertical tubes using three types of dripper, at transfer rates of 2, 4, and 8 L/h. A map of the wetted soil near the dripper showed that the optimal water supply depends on the growth stage of the soybeans. Results: Subsurface irrigation testing was conducted on well-graded sand containing clay (SWC: sand well + sand clay) and poorly graded sand (SP: sand plastic). As both SWC and SP showed that the wetted area rises well upward to the ground surface from the dripping point with 2 L/h supply, it is considered that 2 L/h case is effective for water absorption by the roots of the crops. Besides, the size of the grown root of 30 days showed 450 mm of width and 300 mm of depth, so it was estimated that 150 mm wide and 100 mm deep after 10 days, and 300 mm wide and 200 mm deep after 20 days. Judging from the results of the root

关键词： Soil moisture

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Current scenario and potential of waste cooking oil as a feedstock for biodiesel production in Indonesia: Life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) review

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Rahman, Arif Oktaufik, M.A.M. Sasongko, Triyono Widi Guntoro, Iwan Soedjati, Dadi Abbas, Najmi Rahman, Abdul Ulfah, Fathiah Widiarto, Ari Siswanto Dharmawan Trihadi, Sudarwaji Edi Yuwono Kusrestuwardani Prihatin, Anggara Lomak Hadi, Adim Indrijarso, Surat Rahardjo, Priyambodo Barkah, Arief Febijanto, Irhan Sasongko, Nugroho Adi Research Center for Sustainable Production System and Life Cycle Assessment National Research and Innovation Agency – BRIN Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Esa Unggul Jakarta Indonesia Principal Expert of the Steering Board National Research and Innovation Agency - BRIN Indonesia Energy Security Graduate Program Republic of Indonesia Defense University (UNHAN RI) IPSC Sentul Area West Java Bogor 16810 Indonesia

WCO is a second-generation biofuel made up of accumulated free fatty acids, which can be used as feedstock for biodiesel production. The review aims to: (a) evaluate the sustainability of waste cooking oil (WCO) for biodiesel production in Indonesia using life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) methods;(b) explain the challenges, development, recommendation, and industrial potential of WCO for biodiesel production in Indonesia;and (c) determine the sustainability concept of WCO for biodiesel production. This study was carried out by reviewing papers related to LCSA which include Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA), and Social Life Cycle Assessment (SLCA). The review found that the WCO collection, pretreatment, and transesterification processes have the biggest environmental impact caused by the use of chemicals, catalysts, and electrical energy from fossil fuels. According to the LCCA results, WCO-based biodiesel production has a high economic potential and is more practicable due to lower raw material and production costs than biodiesel from edible and non-edible plants. Meanwhile, the SLCA aspect emphasizes that the WCO-based biodiesel industry must consider social indicators such as employment provision, human rights, human health impact, working conditions, local community impact, cultural heritage, socio-economic repercussions, governance, and large accident risk. There are several recommendations that can be made to develop WCO-based biodiesel, namely the government must demonstrate political commitment by promoting WCO as a national energy source feedstock. The sustainable concept has three pillars: environmental, economic, and social. These pillars must simultaneously direct every stage of the WCO production process. To produce high-quality biodiesel, the government must support all of these stages, establish regulations and governance for WCO supply and the WCO processing industry, and provide implementable R&D, adequate funding

关键词： Biodiesel Life cycle assessment Life cycle cost analysis Life cycle sustainability assessment Social life cycle assessment Waste cooking oil

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Combination of discrete and finite element method to simulate damage in galvanised steel

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Procedia Structural Integrity 2022年 41卷 254-259页

作者： Leandro Friedrich Angélica Colpo Sabrina Vantadori Andrea Zanichelli Vittorio Di Cocco Francesco Iacoviello Ignacio Iturrioz Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Pampa Av. Tiaraju 810 97546-550 Alegrete Brazil Program of Mechanical Pos-Graduation Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Sarmento Leite 425 90040-060 Porto Alegre Brazil Department of Engineering & Architecture University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A 43124 Parma Italy DICeM Università di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale Via G. Di Biasio 43 03043 Cassino (FR) Italy

In the present paper, the bending behaviour of a hot-rolled hyper-sandelin steel, subjected to hot-dip galvanizing (HDG), is numerically simulated in Ansys LS-DYNA environment by combining the Discrete Element Method (DEM) with Finite Element Method (FEM). The coating examined is composed by different layers: the layers with a ductile behaviour are modelled by using elastoplastic constitutive laws for the FEs, whereas the layers with a quasi-brittle behaviour are simulated by using DEs. Such an approach shows quite satisfactory results and it can be promising as a numerical tool to be used by HDG industry, being accurate to estimate the damage of galvanized steel.

关键词： Finite Element Method Discrete Element Method zinc-based coatings plasticity non-linear fracture mechanics

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Crack path estimation in the shot-earth 772 by a discrete element method

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Procedia Structural Integrity 2022年 41卷 260-265页

作者： Angélica Colpo Sabrina Vantadori Leandro Friedrich Andrea Zanichelli Camilla Ronchei Daniela Scorza Ignacio Iturrioz Program of Mechanical Pos-Graduation Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Sarmento Leite 425 90040-060 Porto Alegre Brazil Department of Engineering & Architecture University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A 43124 Parma Italy Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Pampa Av. Tiaraju 810 97546-550 Alegrete Brazil Department of Civil Engineering University of Calabria via Pietro Bucci 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS) Italy Department of Engineering University of Naples Parthenope Centro Direzionale Isola C4 80143 Napoli Italy

In the present paper, the fracture behaviour of the shot-earth 772, in terms of crack path, is numerically investigated. To such an aim, a version of the lattice discrete element method is used to numerically simulate fracture toughness testing performed, on the shot-earth 772, by employing the Modified Two-Parameter model. A comparison between the numerical crack path and the experimental ones is performed, highlighting as the lattice discrete element method is able to capture the kinked crack shape, typical of quasi-brittle materials.

关键词： Quasi-brittle materials Crack path estimation Discrete Element Method Modified Two Parameter Model

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