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Thermal Simulation for Magnetic Coupler of Wireless Power Transfer Electric Vehicles by Using Heat Sink and Thermoelectric Cooler

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Progress In Electromagnetics Research M 2024年 126卷 89-98页

作者： Farooq, Umar Shafique, Shahryar Asif, Muhammad Arslan, Muhammad Wongjom, Poramed Ullah, Rizwan Zhilenkov, Anton Mobayen, Saleh Pijitrojana, Wanchai Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Thammasat School of Engineering Thammasat University Rangsit Campus Klong Luang Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand Ministry of IT & Telecommunications Islamabad Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering University of Science and Technology Main Campus Bannu23200 Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Lahore Pakistan Division of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Thammasat University Rangsit Campus Klongluang Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand Department of Electrical Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand Department of Cyber-Physical Systems St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University Saint-Petersburg190121 Russia Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Road Section 3 Yunlin Douliou640301 Taiwan

In challenging operational environments such as underground buildings beneath roadways, reliability and performance of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for electric vehicles (EVs) heavily hinge on the operating temperature of the magnetic couplers. Addressing this, this study introduces a novel approach employing heat sink and thermoelectric cooler technologies to mitigate temperature rise in magnetic couplers, which is particularly crucial for high-power applications. Utilizing ANSYS simulation, the study evaluates a WPT high-power application coil model with a total output power of 2 KW and an 18 cm air gap, with a 3.5 cm adjacent alignment to enhance thermal performance on both transmitter and receiver sides. Results demonstrate significant thermal enhancement, reducing the temperature of coils from 63◦ C to 54◦ C solely with the heat sink and further down to 48◦ C with the combined implementation of both heat sink and thermoelectric cooler. These measures effectively dissipate heat from the coils into the surrounding air, ensuring system efficiency and stability while facilitating functionality of system components. © 2024, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heat sinks

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Prandtl number dependence of the small-scale properties in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection

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physical Review Fluids 2021年第6期6卷 063501-063501页

作者： Shashwat Bhattacharya Mahendra K. Verma Ravi Samtaney Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016 India Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016 India Mechanical Engineering Division of Physical Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia

We analyze the Prandtl number (Pr) dependence of spectra and fluxes of kinetic energy, as well as the energy injection rates and dissipation rates, of turbulent thermal convection using numerical data. As expected, for a flow with Pr⪅1, the inertial-range kinetic-energy flux is constant, and the kinetic-energy spectrum is Kolmogorov-like (k−5/3). More importantly, we show that the amplitudes of the kinetic-energy fluxes and spectra and those of structure functions increase with the decrease of Pr, thus exhibiting stronger nonlinearity for flows with small Prandtl numbers. Consistent with these observations, both the kinetic-energy injection rates and the dissipation rates increase with the decrease of Pr. Our results are in agreement with earlier studies that report the Reynolds number to be a decreasing function of Prandtl number in turbulent convection. On the other hand, the tail of the probability distributions of the local heat flux grows with the increase of Pr, indicating increased fluctuations in the local heat flux with Pr.

关键词： Rayleigh-Bénard convection Turbulence

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multi-kernel and multi-scale learning based deep ensemble model for predicting recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer

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PeerJ Computer science 2023年 9卷

作者： Kim, Gihyeon Park, Young Mi Yoon, Hyun Jung Choi, Jang-Hwan Department of Computational Medicine Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Molecular Medicine College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Radiology Veterans Health Service Medical Center Seoul Korea Republic of Division of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Artificial Intelligence Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of

Predicting recurrence in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before treatment is vital for guiding personalized medicine. Deep learning techniques have revolutionized the application of cancer informatics, including lung cancer timeto-event prediction. Most existing convolutional neural network (CNN) models are based on a single two-dimensional (2D) computational tomography (CT) image or three-dimensional (3D) CT volume. However, studies have shown that using multiscale input and fusing multiple networks provide promising performance. This study proposes a deep learning-based ensemble network for recurrence prediction using a dataset of 530 patients with NSCLC. This network assembles 2DCNNmodels of various input slices, scales, and convolutional kernels, using a deep learning-based feature fusion model as an ensemble strategy. The proposed framework is uniquely designed to benefit from (i) multiple 2D in-plane slices to provide more information than a single central slice, (ii) multi-scale networks and multi-kernel networks to capture the local and peritumoral features, (iii) ensemble design to integrate features from various inputs and model architectures for final prediction. The ensemble of five 2D-CNN models, three slices, and two multi-kernel networks, using 5×5 and 6×6 convolutional kernels, achieved the best performance with an accuracy of 69.62%, area under the curve (AUC) of 72.5%, F1 score of 70.12%, and recall of 70.81%. Furthermore, the proposed method achieved competitive results compared with the 2D and 3D-CNN models for cancer outcome prediction in the benchmark studies. Our model is also a potential adjuvant treatment tool for identifying NSCLC patients with a high risk of recurrence. © 2023 Kim et al.

关键词： Neural network models

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A single n-type semiconducting polymer-based photo-electrochemical transistor

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Druet, Victor Ohayon, David Petoukhoff, Christopher E. Zhong, Yizhou Alshehri, Nisreen Koklu, Anil Nayak, Prem D. Salvigni, Luca Almulla, Latifah Surgailis, Jokubas Griggs, Sophie McCulloch, Iain Laquai, Frédéric Inal, Sahika Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia KAUST Solar Center Physical Science and Engineering Division Materials Science and Engineering Program KAUST Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Physics and Astronomy Department College of Sciences King Saud University Riyadh12372 Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford OxfordOX1 3TA United Kingdom

Conjugated polymer films that can conduct ionic and electronic charges are central to building soft electronic sensors and actuators. Despite the possible interplay between light absorption and mixed conductivity of these materials in aqueous biological media, no polymer film has ever been used to realize a solar-switchable organic bioelectronic circuit relying on a fully reversible, redox reaction-free mechanism. Here we show that light absorbed by an electron and cation-transporting polymer film reversibly modulates its electrochemical potential and conductivity in an aqueous electrolyte, leveraged to design an n-type photo-electrochemical transistor (n-OPECT). We generate transistor output characteristics by solely varying the intensity of light that hits the n-type polymeric gate electrode, emulating the gate voltage-controlled modulation of the polymeric channel current. The micron-scale n-OPECT shows a high signal-to-noise ratio and an excellent sensitivity to low light intensities. We demonstrate three direct applications of the n-OPECT, i.e., a photoplethysmogram recorder, a light-controller inverter circuit, and a light-gated artificial synapse, underscoring the suitability of this platform for a myriad of biomedical applications that involve light intensity changes. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Polymer films

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Interfacial studies of Cu₂O/TiO₂ junction deposited at different electropotentials

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Results in Physics 2024年 64卷

作者： Faheem, Muhammad Basha, Beriham Al-Buriahi, M.S. Alrowaili, Z.A. Mahmood, K. Ali, A. Ramzan Khawar, Muhammad Cho, Chungyeon choi, Dongwhi Hussain, S. Department of Physics Division of Science and Technology University of Education Lahore Department of Physics College of Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Department of Physics Sakarya University Department of Physics College of Science Jouf University Department of Physics Government College University Faisalabad Department of Mechanical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program) Kyung Hee University Department of Carbon Convergence Engineering College of Engineering Wonkwang University

Based on the simplistic two-step preparation method, a Cu2O/TiO2 junction was synthesized by electrodepositing a Cuprous Oxide layer on Titanium Oxide thin films at different deposition potentials. The thin films and ... 详细信息

Based on the simplistic two-step preparation method, a Cu₂O/TiO₂ junction was synthesized by electrodepositing a Cuprous Oxide layer on Titanium Oxide thin films at different deposition potentials. The thin films and junction were characterized for their structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties using X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. The XRD analysis of the Cu₂O/TiO₂ junction indicated no sharp diffraction peaks of TiO₂, only Cu₂O peaks were observed. The Scanning Electron Microscopy also demonstrated that the Cuprous Oxide thin films possessed three-sided pyramidal structures on their surface. The band gaps of Cu₂O and TiO₂ thin films were calculated as 2.2 eV and 3.3 eV respectively by using Tauc's plots. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed reduced interfacial charge transfer resistance and a boost in charge carrier generation in fabricated junctions (grown at −0.6 V). The flat band potentials and carrier concentrations of the fabricated thin films and their junction were calculated using Mott-Schottky analysis. Meanwhile, charge transfer resistance, solution resistance, constant phase element, and other circuit parameters of the electrochemical cell were studied using Nyquist plots. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Cuprous oxide Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Electrodeposition Titanium oxide

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Connecting polymer collapse and the onset of jamming

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physical Review E 2024年第3期109卷 034406-034406页

作者： Alex T. Grigas Aliza Fisher Mark D. Shattuck Corey S. O'Hern Graduate Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department The City College of New York New York New York 10031 USA Department of Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Applied Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA

Previous studies have shown that the interiors of proteins are densely packed, reaching packing fractions that are as large as those found for static packings of individual amino-acid-shaped particles. How can the interiors of proteins take on such high packing fractions given that amino acids are connected by peptide bonds and many amino acids are hydrophobic with attractive interactions? We investigate this question by comparing the structural and mechanical properties of collapsed attractive disk-shaped bead-spring polymers to those of three reference systems: static packings of repulsive disks, of attractive disks, and of repulsive disk-shaped bead-spring polymers. We show that the attractive systems quenched to temperatures below the glass transition T≪Tg and static packings of both repulsive disks and bead-spring polymers possess similar interior packing fractions. Previous studies have shown that static packings of repulsive disks are isostatic at jamming onset, i.e., the number of interparticle contacts Nc matches the number of degrees of freedom, which strongly influences their mechanical properties. We find that repulsive polymer packings are hypostatic at jamming onset (i.e., with fewer contacts than degrees of freedom) but are effectively isostatic when including stabilizing quartic modes, which give rise to quartic scaling of the potential energy with displacements along these modes. While attractive disk and polymer packings are often considered hyperstatic with excess contacts over the isostatic number, we identify a definition for interparticle contacts for which they can also be considered as effectively isostatic. As a result, we show that the mechanical properties (e.g., scaling of the potential energy with excess contact number and low-frequency contribution to the density of vibrational modes) of weakly attractive disk and polymer packings are similar to those of isostatic repulsive disk and polymer packings. Our results demonstrate that static

关键词： Jamming Polymer folding Protein folding Single polymer chains

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Challenges for and Pathways toward Li-MetalBased All-Solid-State Batteries

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ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2021年第4期6卷 1399-1404页

作者： Albertus, Paul Anandan, Venkataramani Ban, Chunmei Balsara, Nitash Belharouak, Ilias Buettner-Garrett, Josh Chen, Zonghai Daniel, Claus Doeff, Marca Dudney, Nancy J. Dunn, Bruce Harris, Stephen J. Herle, Subramanya Herbert, Eric Kalnaus, Sergiy Libera, Joesph A. Lu, Dongping Martin, Steve McCloskey, Bryan D. McDowell, Matthew T. Meng, Y. Shirley Nanda, Jagjit Sakamoto, Jeff Self, Ethan C. Tepavcevic, Sanja Wachsman, Eric Wang, Chunsheng Westover, Andrew S. Xiao, Jie Yersak, Thomas Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 United States Ford Motor Company Dearborn Michigan 48121 United States Mechanical Engineering Department University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Materials Sciences Division University of California Berkeley California 94720 United States Energy and Transportation Science Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 United States Solid Power Inc. Louisville Colorado 80027 United States Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne Illinois 60439 United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division University of California Berkeley California 94720 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Los Angeles California 90095 United States Applied Materials Inc. 3225 Oakmead Village Drive B12_2F6 Santa Clara California 95054 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan 49931 United States Energy and Environmental Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering Iowa State University of Science & Technology Ames Iowa 50011 United States Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332 United States Department of NanoEngineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 United States Chemical and Materials Systems Laborat

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Facile integration of giant exchange bias in Fe5GeTe2/oxide heterostructures by atomic layer deposition

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physical Review Materials 2023年第1期7卷 014008-014008页

作者： Jierui Liang Shanchuan Liang Ti Xie Andrew F. May Thomas Ersevim Qinqin Wang Hyobin Ahn Changgu Lee Xixiang Zhang Jian-Ping Wang Michael A. McGuire Min Ouyang Cheng Gong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Quantum Technology Center University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA Department of Physics University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Gyeonggido 16419 Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Gyeonggido 16419 Republic of Korea King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE) Thuwal Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA

Exchange bias arises from the interfacial exchange coupling in ferromagnet-antiferromagnet bilayers and manifests as a horizontal shift of the magnetic hysteresis loop, constituting a critical component underpinning a broad range of magnetoresistive logic and memory devices. The facile implementation of exchange bias in van der Waals (vdW) magnets would be a key step towards practical devices for emerging vdW spintronics. Here, we report an easy approach to establishing strong exchange bias in the vdW magnet Fe5GeTe2 by a single-step process—atomic layer deposition (ALD) of oxides on Fe5GeTe2. We successfully created exchange bias of 300–1500 Oe in Fe5GeTe2/Al2O3, Fe5GeTe2/ZnO, and Fe5GeTe2/V2O5 heterostructures, at 130 K. Control experiments showed that increasing the oxidant pulse duration in each ALD cycle or utilizing the stronger oxidant O3 can enhance the exchange bias strength, revealing the key role of the ALD oxidants. Our systematic work elucidates the essential role of ALD-enabled oxidization of Fe5GeTe2 in the formation of exchange bias, and establishes ALD of oxides as a facile, controllable, and generally effective approach to creating giant exchange bias in vdW magnets, representing an integral advance towards practical vdW spintronic devices.

关键词： Exchange bias Magnetism Ferromagnets Van der Waals systems

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Optimized coupling of photocatalysis and cavitation for phenol degradation: Use of an extended-kinetic approach

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Environmental Advances 2024年 16卷

作者： Sarvothaman, Varaha P. Subburaj, Janardhanraj Velisoju, Vijay K. Kulkarni, Shekhar R. Canciani, Chiara Castaño, Pedro Nagarajan, Sanjay Guida, Paolo Roberts, William L. CCRC King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia Multiscale Reaction Engineering (MuRE) Group KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia Chemical Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Saudi Arabia Department of Chemical Engineering University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY United Kingdom

The coupling of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) and photocatalysis (PC) predominantly exhibits a complementary nature, which is highlighted through a synergistic index. However, this calculation, based on pseudo-first order kinetics, fails to accurately represent the concentration data, often skewed by the formation of reaction intermediates. To address this, an ‘extended’ kinetic approach previously developed with two parameters, which accounts for the formation of intermediates, was adopted. The PC process was optimized for a simulated wastewater containing phenol of concentration (C₀) of 100 ppm by applying a UV-A light source of intensity 175 ± 8 W/cm² on an operating volume (V_L) of 200 mL. Catalyst loading, solution pH and initial concentration (C₀) were optimized. These optimal parameters were used to operate HC-PC (V_L = 3500 mL) at a comparable illumination intensity across the 2 techniques’ reactors. It was observed that phenol conversion was observable only with halved C₀ (= 50 ppm) for the HC-PC system, increasing catalyst loading from 0.5 to 1.0 g/L exhibited no increase in phenol conversion. The obtained results from experiments were interpreted with the help of the two-parameter model. For the PC system, the initial rate constant (k₀) exhibits a similar trend to the final oxidation extent, however, it did not compare quantitatively. The second parameter – ‘y’ showed a high finite value, denoting the need for dosing external oxidants. The trends of the two-parameters with respect to different relevant parameters presented will help leverage this kinetic approach for AOPs, while optimizing and translating processes to larger scales of operation. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Hydrodynamic cavitation Phenol Photocatalysis Water treatment

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Circular polarization-selective optical,photothermal,and optofluidic effects in chiral metasurfaces

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Photonics Research 2024年第2期12卷 331-340页

作者： CUIPING MA PENG YU ZHIMIN JING YISONG ZHU PEIHANG LI WENHAO WANG HONGXING XU YANNING ZHANG LIANG PAN TAE-YOUL CHOI ARUP NEOGI ALEXANDER OGOVOROV ZHIMING WANG Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore School of Physics and Technology Center for Nanoscience and NanotechnologyWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of North TexasDentonTexas 76207USA Department of Physics and Astronomy and Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute Ohio UniversityAthensOhio 45701USA

Circular dichroism (CD) is extensively used in various material systems for applications including biological detection,enantioselective catalysis,and chiral *** paper introduces a chiral absorptive metasurface that exhibits a circular polarization-selective effect in dual bands-positive and negative CD peaks at short wavelengths and long wavelengths,***,we uncover that this phenomenon extends beyond the far-field optical response,as it is also observed in the photothermal effect and the dynamics of thermally induced fluid *** carefully engineering the metasurface design,we achieve two distinct CD signals with high g factors (1) at the wavelengths of 877 nm and 1045 nm,*** findings presented in this study advance our comprehension of CD and offer promising prospects for enhancing chiral light–matter interactions in the domains of nanophotonics and optofluidics.

关键词： chiral catalysis circular

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