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Biogas production and its utilization in internal combustion engines - A review

Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2024年 186卷 518-539页

作者： Vasan, Vinod Sridharan, Naveen Venkatesh Feroskhan, M. Vaithiyanathan, Sugumaran Subramanian, Balaji Tsai, Pei-Chien Lin, Yuan-Chung Lay, Chyi-How Wang, Chin-Tsan Ponnusamy, Vinoth Kumar Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai600127 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Chennai603203 India Kaohsiung City807 Taiwan Department of Computational Biology Institute of Bioinformatics Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Tamil Nadu Chennai602105 India Institute of Environmental Engineering National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung804 Taiwan Center for Emerging Contaminants Research National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung804 Taiwan Master's Program of Green Energy Science and Technology Feng Chia University Taichung City407102 Taiwan Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering National I-Lan University I Lan Taiwan Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung City807 Taiwan Kaohsiung City807 Taiwan Division of Operation and Maintenance Engineering Luleå University of Technology Luleå Sweden Department of Chemistry National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung804 Taiwan

This review presents the significance and current challenges associated with fossil fuels, highlighting the need for cleaner and more sustainable energy sources. The significant object of the current study is to concentrate on increased interest in utilizing biogas as a viable substitute for traditional fuels, delving into its characteristics, benefits, accessibility, feasibility, and prospects as an environmentally sustainable energy option. The current study extensively analyses the prospect and significance of biogas in mitigating emissions regulations in Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs). This paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent research on incorporating biogas in internal combustion engines, focusing on emission reduction and the corresponding impact on engine performance. The subject matter encompasses a range of facets about biogas, encompassing its origins, chemical composition, purification, enhancement techniques, and requisite engine adjustments to enable the effective utilization of biogas as an alternative fuel. The study also evaluates the performance of biogas-fuelled ICEs based on the results of cross-referencing with contemporary research and investigates peripheral aspects such as additive inclusion to increase biogas capabilities as fuel and potential applications in advanced engine modes of operation. The review identifies research gaps in the domains of biogas processing and utilization in ICEs and acknowledges existing challenges specific to the adoption of biogas as a conventional fuel alternative. Future research directions are also prescribed, further highlighting the importance of transitioning from fossil fuels to meet environmental goals and global energy demands. © 2024 The Institution of Chemical Engineers

关键词： Biogas

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Identifying the minimal sets of distance restraints for FRET-assisted protein structural modeling

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Liu, Zhuoyi Grigas, Alex T. Sumner, Jacob Knab, Edward Davis, Caitlin M. O’Hern, Corey S. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Graduate Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Chemistry Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States

Proteins naturally occur in crowded cellular environments and interact with other proteins, nucleic acids, and organelles. Since most previous experimental protein structure determination techniques require that proteins occur in idealized, non-physiological environments, the effects of realistic cellular environments on protein structure are largely unexplored. Recently, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) has been shown to be an effective experimental method for investigating protein structure in vivo. Inter-residue distances measured in vivo can be incorporated as restraints in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to model protein structural dynamics in vivo. Since most FRET studies only obtain inter-residue separations for a small number of amino acid pairs, it is important to determine the minimum number of restraints in the MD simulations that are required to achieve a given root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) from the experimental structural ensemble. Further, what is the optimal method for selecting these inter-residue restraints? Here, we implement several methods for selecting the most important FRET pairs and determine the number of pairs Nr that are needed to induce conformational changes in proteins between two experimentally determined structures. We find that enforcing only a small fraction of restraints, Nr/N 0.08, where N is the number of amino acids, can induce the conformational changes. These results establish the efficacy of FRET-assisted MD simulations for atomic scale structural modeling of proteins in vivo. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Conformations

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Existence of Hexagonal Tabular Β-Phase in Al–Mg–Si Alloys Containing Noble Metal Elements

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Tsuchiya, Taiki Uttarasak, Kanokwan Lee, Seungwon Ahmed, Abrar Mikmekova, Sarka Nishimura, Katsuhiko Nunomura, Norio Shimizu, Kazuyuki Hirayama, Kyosuke Toda, Hiroyoki Yamaguchi, Masatake Tsuru, Tomohito Nakamura, Jyunya Ikeno, Susumu Matsuda, Kenji Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research University of Toyama Toyama930-8555 Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Education University of Toyama Toyama930-8555 Japan Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS Královopolská 147 Brno612 00 Czech Republic Department of Physical Science and Materials Engineering Iwate University Iwate020-8551 Japan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto606-8501 Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka819-0395 Japan Center for Computational Science and e-Systems Japan Atomic Energy Agency Ibaraki Tokai319-1195 Japan Nuclear Science and Engineering Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency Ibaraki Tokai319-1195 Japan Material Solutions Division Kobelco Research Institute Inc. 1-5-5 Takatsukadai Nishi-ku Kobe Hyogo651-2271 Japan

The hexagonal tabular ß-Mg2Si phase (hex-ß) co-existed with conventional truncated octagonal shaped ß-Mg2Si (con-ß) in Al-1.0 mass% Mg2Si alloy containing a small amount of noble metal elements (NMEs;Cu, Pt, Ag, Pd or Au) at the over-aged condition of 673 K. As this hex-ß laid on the {111} plane of the Al matrix, and its six edges were parallel to ß, its orientation relationship with the Al-matrix is as follows:{111}Al //{111}ß and Al //ßIt was the same as our previous report of (hex-ß) in an ingot of Al-1.0 mass%Mg2Si- 0.5 mass% Cu alloy just homogenized at 723 K for 4 days, without cold-rolling, solution heat treatment, and aging. There is no significant difference in the lattice parameter of ß-Mg2Si by added NMEs. The formation of hex-ß was suggested to be related to defects in the Al-matrix, for example, by segregation of NMEs at the interface, altering the stacking fault energy, or introducing partial dislocations. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aluminum alloys

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Front Cover: Microkinetic Modeling to Decode Catalytic Reactions and Empower Catalytic Design (ChemCatChem 13/2024)

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ChemCatChem 2024年第13期16卷

作者： Shekhar R. Kulkarni Gontzal Lezcano Vijay Kumar Velisoju Natalia Realpe Pedro Castaño Multiscale Reaction Engineering KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Chemical Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

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Electronic and Optical Excitations in van der Waals Materials from a Non-Empirical Wannier-Localized Optimally-Tuned Screened Range-Separated Hybrid Functional

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Camarasa-Gómez, María Gant, Stephen E. Ohad, Guy Neaton, Jeffrey B. Ramasubramaniam, Ashwin Kronik, Leeor Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovoth7610001 Israel Department of Physics University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at Berkeley University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst AmherstMA01003 United States Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program University of Massachusetts AmherstMA01003 United States

Accurate prediction of electronic and optical excitations in van der Waals (vdW) materials is a long-standing challenge for density functional theory. The recently proposed Wannier-localized optimally-tuned screened range-separated hybrid (WOT-SRSH) functional has proven successful in non-empirical determination of electronic band gaps and optical absorption spectra for various covalent and ionic crystals. However, for vdW materials the tuning of the material- and structure-dependent functional parameters has, until now, only been attained semi-empirically. Here, we present a non-empirical WOT-SRSH approach applicable to vdW materials, with the optimal functional parameters transferable between monolayer and bulk. We apply this methodology to prototypical vdW materials: black phosphrous, moldybdenum disulfide, and hexagonal boron nitride (in the latter case including zero-point renormalization). We show that the WOT-SRSH approach consistently achieves accuracy levels comparable to experiments and ab initio many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) calculations for band structures and optical absorption spectra, both on its own and as an optimal starting point for MBPT calculations. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy gap

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Nanoslot-Induced Ultrastrong Phonon-Photon and Phonon-Phonon Coupling in Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites 16

Nanoslot-Induced Ultrastrong Phonon-Photon and Phonon-Phonon...

引用

16th Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO-PR 2024

作者： Kim, Dasom Hou, Jin Lee, Geon Agrawal, Ayush Kim, Sunghwan Zhang, Hao Bao, Di Baydin, Andrey Wu, Wenjing Tay, Fuyang Huang, Shengxi Hagenmüller, Daivd Chia, Elbert E. M. Kim, Dai-Sik Seo, Minah Mohite, Aditya D. Kono, Junichiro Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Sensor System Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul02792 Korea Republic of Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Ulsan44919 Korea Republic of Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 637371 Singapore Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Université de Strasbourg Cnrs Strasbourg67000 France KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Methods for harnessing vibrational states are desired for phonon-based technologies. We realized ultrastrong coupling of two phonon modes in perovskite materials induced by ultrastrong coupling with a common photonic ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9798350372076

关键词： Organic-inorganic materials

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Long-and short-range orders in 10-component compositionally complex ceramics

Advanced Powder Materials

引用

Advanced Powder Materials 2023年第2期2卷 70-81页

作者： Dawei Zhang Yan Chen Heidy Vega Tianshi Feng Dunji Yu Michelle Everett Joerg Neuefeind Ke An Renkun Chen Jian Luo Program of Materials Science and Engineering University of California San DiegoLa Jolla 92093USA Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge 38731USA Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry University of California San DiegoLa Jolla 92093USA Department of Mechanical&Aerospace Engineering University of California San DiegoLa Jolla 92093USA Department of NanoEngineering University of California San DiegoLa Jolla 92093USA

Neutron diffraction and total scattering are combined to investigate a series of single-phase 10-component compositionally complexﬂuorite-based oxides,[(Pr_(0.375)Nd_(0.375)Yb_(0.25))2(Ti_(0.5)Hf_(0.25)Zr_(0.25))_(2)O_(7)]_(1-x)[(DyHoErNb)O_(7)]_(x),denoted as 10CCFBOxNb.A long-range order-disorder transition(ODT)occurs at x=0.81±0.01 from the ordered pyrochlore to disordered defectﬂ*** contrast to ternary oxides,this ODT occurs abruptly without an observable two-phase region;moreover,the phase stability in 10CCFBOs deviates from the well-established criteria for simpler *** reﬁnements of neutron diffraction patterns suggest that this ODT occurs via the migration of oxygen anions from the position 48f to 8a,with a smallﬁnal jump at the ODT;however,the 8a oxygen occupancy changes gradually(without an observable discontinuous jump).We further discover diffuse scattering in Nb-rich compositions,which suggests the presence of short-range *** small-box modelling,four compositions near ODT(x=0.75,0.8,0.85,and 1)can be betterﬁtted by C2221 weberite ordering for the local polyhedral structure at ***,10CCFBO_(0.75)Nb and 10CCFBO_(0.8)Nb possess both long-range pyrochlore order and short-range weberite-type order,which can be understood from severe local distortion of the pyrochlore polyhedral ***,weberite-type short-range order emerges before the ODT,coexisting and interacting with long-range pyrochlore *** the ODT,the long-range pyrochlore order vanishes but the short-range weberite-type order persists in the long-range disordered defectﬂuorite ***,a drop in the thermal conductivity coincides with emergence of the short-range order,instead of the long-range ODT.

关键词： Neutron diffraction Neutron total scattering Order-disorder transition Short-range order High-entropy ceramics Compositionally complex ceramics

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Transient Fluted Films behind Falling Water Columns

引用

physical Review Letters 2025年第22期134卷 224001-224001页

作者： Abhijit K. Kushwaha Matthew B. Jones Jesse Belden Nathan Speirs Tadd T. Truscott Mechanical Engineering Physical Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Utah State University Logan Utah 84322 USA Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport Newport Rhode Island 02841 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Brigham Young University Provo Utah 84602 USA

When a column of water drains from a vertical tube, it often leaves behind a trailing film that forms intricate, axisymmetric liquid structures. Using high-speed imaging and first-principles modeling, we investigate the formation and breakup of these fluted films and demonstrate that their diverse morphologies arise from the evolving balance of inertia, surface tension, gravity, and viscous forces. By analyzing the characteristic timescales for film emergence, retraction, and rupture, we classify the observed behaviors into distinct regimes and predict the transitions between them. Our theoretical framework captures the transient velocity and thickness of the film at the tube exit and yields regime boundaries that closely match experimental observations. These results not only explain a deceptively simple fluid dynamic system but also provide insight into film stability, merging, and rupture processes relevant to falling film evaporators, coating flows, and capillary-inertial instabilities across soft matter and multiphase systems.

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Crystalline Complex Oxide Membrane: Sub-1 nm CET Dielectrics for 2D Transistors

Crystalline Complex Oxide Membrane: Sub-1 nm CET Dielectrics...

引用

International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM)

作者： Jing-Kai Huang Yi Wan Junjie Shi Ji Zhang Zeheng Wang Zi-Liang Yang Bo-Chao Huang Ya-Ping Chiu Wenxuan Wang Ni Yang Yang Liu Chun-Ho Lin Xinwei Guan Long Hu Jack Yang Danyang Wang Vincent Tung Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh Tom Wu Xiaotao Zu Liang Qiao Sean Li Lain-Jong Li School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney Australia Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications University of New South Wales Sydney Australia Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney Australia School of Physics University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665489607

Atomically thin 2D semiconductors have been regarded as promising candidates for the channels in ultra-scaled transistors. Although high-performance 2D field-effect transistors (FETs) have been demonstrated, the integration with conventional high-κ gate insulators is yet to be improved for energy-efficient devices. Here, 2D FETs with sub-1 nm capacitance equivalent thickness (CET) are demonstrated through the integration of transferrable single-crystal SrTiO 3 thin dielectrics with a monolayer CVD MoS 2 , where the optimized SrTiO 3 gate stack exhibits a gate leakage far below the low-standby-power limit (1.5×10 -2 A/cm 2 ). The short-channel devices manifest good reliability and competitive performance characteristics, including the steep subthreshold swing (SS) down to ~75 mV dec -1 and a large ON/OFF current ratio of 10 6 .

关键词： Temperature measurement Performance evaluation Voltage measurement Field effect transistors Logic gates Dielectrics Sulfur

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Transmission Electron Microscopy of the Rapid Solidification Microstructure Evolution and Solidification Interface Velocity Determination in Hypereutectic Al-20at.%Cu after Laser Melting

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2023年

作者： Liu, Yuzhe Zweiacker, Kai Liu, Can McKeown, Joseph T. Wiezorek, Jorg M.K. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science University of Pittsburgh 636 Benedum Hall 3700 O’Hara Street PA15261 United States Materials Science Division Physical and Life Sciences Directorate Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Avenue LivermoreCA94551 United States Hitachi Energy Zürich Switzerland Micron Technology Singapore Singapore

The evolution of the rapid solidification (RS) microstructure and the solidification interface velocity have been studied experimentally by in-situ transmission electron microscopy and postmortem characterization for hypereutectic Al-20at.%Cu (37wt.%Cu) after laser melting. Four morphologically distinct regions formed during RS via growth modes changing from θ-Al2Cu phase dendrites to eutectic cell growth, banded growth, and α-Al plane front growth. Tendency for faceting and low capacity for solute trapping limited the θ-phase dendrite growth to solidification interface velocity v © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Rapid solidification

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