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Binary energy production from pineapple peel waste and optimized by statistical and machine learning approaches

Fuel 2024年 372卷

作者： Chen, Wei-Hsin Liu, Li-Xuan Sheen, Herng-Kuang Culaba, Alvin B. Shiong Khoo, Kuan Lim, Steven Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai University Taichung 407 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung 411 Taiwan International Master Degree Program on Energy National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan Sugar Business Division Taiwan Sugar Corporation Tainan 701 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering De La Salle University Manila Philippines Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Yuan Ze University Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Malaysia

This study uses a two-stage process to treat pineapple peel waste (PPW), including alkaline ionized water (AIW) pretreatment and microwave-assisted heating (MAH) hydrolysis. It also contains two objective functions: hydrochar yield and hydrolysis ratio. The experimental design utilizes the Taguchi method to determine optimal conditions by calculating the signal-to-noise ratio. The designed experimental results are used to predict optimal conditions through artificial neural networks (ANN). In the first step, AIW pretreatment reduces the lignin content of PPW by 17.5 % and increases the cellulose content by 14.8 %. SEM analysis reveals a roughening of its surface, while BET analysis identifies a slightly porous structure. These characteristics provide an increased efficiency for subsequent hydrolysis. In the second step, thermogravimetric analysis indicates that a substantial hemicellulose loss is observed when the hydrolysis concentration or temperature increases. This finding aligns with the ranking of factor impacts obtained from the Taguchi method. This study also demonstrates the potential of utilizing PPW for energy production. The hydrochar, hydrolyzed under optimal conditions, increases its calorific value by 10.11 % to 18.29 MJ‧kg⁻¹, making it suitable for use as solid fuel. The hydrolysate has 52.85 g‧L^-1 reducing sugar, which can be fermented to produce ethanol and is much higher than those reported in the literature. Through the Taguchi method and ANN, the optimal experimental factor combination prediction reveals the significant impact of acid hydrolysis compared to AIW pretreatment. The optimal hydrochar yield and hydrolysis ratio in the Taguchi method are 38.75 % and 63.62 %, respectively. In ANN, they are 41.51 % and 58.38 %, respectively, with relative errors of 7.08 % and 8.23 % compared to the experimental results. This research helps turn solid waste into green fuels and approach a circular bioeconomy. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Alkaline ionized water (AIW) Artificial neural network (ANN) Hydrochar Microwave-assisted heating (MAH) Pineapple peel waste (PPW) Taguchi method

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Synergistic Effect of Fe Nanoparticles Supported on Nanoporous Carbon for Catalyzing Hydrogen Storage Properties of Mg(Bh4)2

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wahab, Md. Abdul Karim, Mohammad Rezaul Al-Mubaddel, Fahad S. Sindan, A. Will, Geoffrey Abdala, Ahmed Nanomaterials Centre Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia BrisbaneQLD4072 Australia Energy and Process Engineering Division School of Mechanical Medical and Process Engineering Science and Engineering Faculty Queensland University of Technology 2 George Street QLD4001 Australia Chemical Engineering Program Texas A and M University Education City Doha Qatar King Saud University Riyadh11421 Saudi Arabia K.A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center King Saud University Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia Chemical Engineering Department King Saud University PO Box 800 Riyadh11421 Saudi Arabia

This study investigates synergistic effects of Fe nanoparticles (FeNPs) supported on mesoporous carbon (MC) for catalyzing hydrogen storage properties of Mg(BH4)2 (MBH). The study compares two methods for dispersing Fe NPs in MC: (i) ultrasonication nanoconfinement (un) and (ii) postnanoconfinement (pn) via stirring. Based on the results, it is found that the ultrasonication nanoconfinement method can effectively disperse the FeNPs with 5 nm in MC support (FeNP-unMC), later which can efficiently confine MBH (FeNP-un-MC@MBH system). The hydrogen (H2) desorption properties of the FeNP-un-MC@MBH system were found to be better than that of postconfinement-mediated FeNP-pn-MC@MBH system. For instance, H2 started to desorb from the FeNP-un-MC@MBH system at only 66°C (Tonset) and reached its peak at ~153°C, compared to 270°C (Tonset) and its peak ~350°C for pure MBH, respectively. The ultrasonication-mediated nanoconfined FeNP-un-MC@MBH system released a total of 7.01 wt% H2 within 90 minutes at 350°C. The study shows that the activation energy (Ea) of FeNP-un-MC@MBH is 19.57 kJ/mol, achieved due to the improved dehydrogenation kinetics of MBH. These improvements are due to the synergistic effects of nano-compartmentalization and highly dispersed Fe NP catalyst sites in the MC support. The research emphasizes the promising application of ultrasonication-mediated nanoconfined Fe NPs in mesoporous carbon which can be used as an effective catalyst for enhancing the hydrogen storage properties of metal-based hydrides (MBH). © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydrogen storage

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Regulating surface potential maximizes voltage in all-perovskite tandems (vol 613, pg 676, 2022)

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NATURE 2023年第7973期620卷 E15-E15页

作者： Chen, Hao Maxwell, Aidan Li, Chongwen Teale, Sam Chen, Bin Zhu, Tong Ugur, Esma Harrison, George Grater, Luke Wang, Junke Wang, Zaiwei Zeng, Lewei Park, So Min Chen, Lei Serles, Peter Awni, Rasha Abbas Subedi, Biwas Zheng, Xiaopeng Xiao, Chuanxiao Podraza, Nikolas J. Filleter, Tobin Liu, Cheng Yang, Yi Luther, Joseph M. De Wolf, Stefaan Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. Yan, Yanfa Sargent, Edward H. The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization The University of Toledo Toledo OH USA Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston IL USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL USA KAUST Solar Center Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden CO USA

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Measurement of sub-fm/Hz^(1/2) displacement spectral densities in ultrahigh-Q single-crystal microcavities with hertz-level lasers

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Photonics Research 2022年第5期10卷 1202-1209页

作者： YOON-SOO JANG JINKANG LIM WENTING WANG SEUNG-WOO KIM ANATOLIY SAVCHENKOV ANDREY BMATSKO CHEE WEI WONG Fang Lu Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics Laboratory University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia 90095USA Division of Physical Metrology Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science(KRISS)Daejeon 34113Republic of Korea CACI-LGS Labs Florham ParkNew Jersey 07932USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea OEwaves Inc. PasadenaCalifornia 91107USA Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCalifornia 91109USA

Tracing a resonance frequency of a high quality factor(Q)optical cavity facilitates subpicometer displacement measurements of the optical cavity via Pound-Drever-Hall(PDH)locking scheme,tightly synchronizing a laser frequency to the optical *** we present observations of subfemtometer displacements on a ultrahigh-Q single-crystal MgF_(2)whispering-gallery-mode microcavity by frequency synchronization between a 1 Hz cavity-stabilized laser and a resonance of the MgF_(2) cavity using PDH laser-cavity *** characterize not only the displacement spectral density of the microcavity with a sensitivity of 1.5×10^(-16) m/Hz^(1/2) over the Fourier offset frequency ranging from 15 mHz to 100 kHz but also a 1.77 nm displacement fluctuation of the microcavity over 4500 *** measurement capability not only supports the analysis of integrated thermodynamical and technical cavity noise but allows for minute displacement measurements using laser-cavity locking for ultraprecise positioning,metrology,and sensing.

关键词： synchronization displacement cavity

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Protein folding as a jamming transition

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Grigas, Alex T. Liu, Zhuoyi Logan, Jack A. Shattuck, Mark D. O’Hern, Corey S. Graduate Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department The City College of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States

Proteins fold to a specific functional conformation with a densely packed hydrophobic core that controls their stability. We develop a geometric, yet all-atom model for proteins that explains the universal core packing fraction of φc = 0.55 found in experimental measurements. We show that as the hydrophobic interactions increase relative to the temperature, a novel jamming transition occurs when the core packing fraction exceeds φc. The model also recapitulates the global structure of proteins since it can accurately refold to native-like structures from partially unfolded states. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Proteins

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Influence of preparation techniques on the structural and electrical properties of PVdF-HFP/P123 blend polymer membranes for energy storage applications

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Applied Surface science Advances 2024年 20卷

作者： S, Pavithra Moorthy, Sasikumar S, Pauline Sheeba A, Brusly Solomon P, Senthil Kumar A, Sakunthala Solid State Ionics Lab Division of Physical Sciences Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Tamil Nadu Coimbatore 641114 India PG & Research Department of Physics Bishop Heber College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University) Tamil Nadu Tiruchirapalli 620017 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Centre for Research in Material Science and Thermal Management Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Tamil Nadu Coimbatore 641114 India Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan

Exploration of blend polymer membrane with desire performances is a highly essential research topic because it makes them as key component of the battery technologies. However, the blend membrane cannot simultaneously meet out the high electrical insulation and ion conductivity. Here, we report porous PVdF-HFP based polymer membrane blended with P123 polymer which is prepared by phase inversion technique and along with solution casting technique for comparison. Especially, the major improvements can be claimed with porous PVdF-HFP blend with P123 matrix by phase inversion process that could be mainly due to increasing the disorganize crystallinity of the PVdF-HFP, thereby enhancing the ionic conductivity of PVdF-HFP/P123 than the same prepared by traditional solution casting. More importantly, our studies reveals that, besides having an effect of crystallinity and high ionic conduction PVdF-HFP/P123 blend matrix yield homogeneous pores with higher pore density when prepared by phase inversion approach. We attribute this to remarkable enhancement in higher electrolyte uptake and higher cation transport in the blend membrane. This facilitates high ionic conductivity of 7.06 × 10⁻⁵ S/cm and electrochemical stability of 2.8 V,while the solution casting approach display low ionic conductivity of 1.63 × 10⁻⁶ S/cm and electrochemical stability of 2.2 V, respectively. A symmetric supercapacitor device is fabricated with the membrane prepared by phase inversion process, resulting in a high specific capacitance of 80 F/g at the current density of 0.25 A/g with 90.51% specific capacitance retention at 0.5 A/g. The energy density of 90.9 W/kg can be achieved at the power density of 0.375 W/kg. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： P123 Phase inversion Polymer blend membranes PVdF-HFP Solution casting

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High-Q unidirectional polarization singularities

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physical Review Applied 2025年第5期23卷 054020-054020页

作者： Chuanlin Li Wenhao Wang Jianfeng Chen Mengqi Liu Aobo Ren Cheng-Wei Qiu Hongxing Xu Zhiming Wang Jiang Wu Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies The Photonics Institute Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117583 Singapore Institute of Engineering Thermophysics School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China School of Physics and Technology Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China

Unidirectional guided resonances (UGRs), which are eigenstates that radiate exclusively in a single channel, are promising for advancing diverse photonic devices. However, existing approaches face an inherent trade-off between achieving high-Q factors and maximizing the radiation-asymmetry ratios. To address this challenge, we propose a scheme that exploits both out-of-plane and in-plane couplings to generate bound states in the continuum with precise radial and rotational control in momentum space. This approach effectively decouples the Q factors of UGRs from their radiation-asymmetry ratios. As a result, we achieve UGRs with Q factors exceeding 104, which is 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than traditional UGRs. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability to reverse the emission direction of these UGRs, leading to a broad range of radiation-asymmetry ratios from −53 to 55 dB. We further validate the practical realization of high-Q UGRs using a silicon-on-silica system. Our findings provide a versatile method for generating high-Q UGRs, offering alternative pathways for innovations in nonlinear optics, light-matter interactions, and advanced optoelectronic applications.

关键词： Nonlinear optics

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Lifecycles, pipelines, and value chains: toward a focus on events in responsible artificial intelligence for health

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AI and Ethics 2024年 1-14页

作者： Donia, Joseph Oyefeso, Lola Embuldeniya, Gayathri Whyne, Cari Burns, David Boyer, Philip Razmjou, Helen Shaw, James A. Institute of Health Policy Management & Evaluation Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Canada Department of Biology Faculty of Arts and Science University of Toronto Toronto Canada Department of Physical Therapy Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Canada Holland Bone and Joint Program Sunnybrook Research Institute Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto Canada Institute of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Canada Institute of Medical Sciences Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Canada Division of Orthopedic Surgery Department of Surgery Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Canada Joint Centre for Bioethics Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Canada

Process-oriented approaches to the responsible development, implementation, and oversight of artificial intelligence (AI) systems have proliferated in recent years. Variously referred to as lifecycles, pipelines, or value chains, these approaches demonstrate a common focus on systematically mapping key activities and normative considerations throughout the development and use of AI systems. At the same time, these approaches risk focusing on proximal activities of development and use at the expense of a focus on the events and value conflicts that shape how key decisions are made in practice. In this article we report on the results of an ‘embedded’ ethics research study focused on SPOTT– a ‘Smart Physiotherapy Tracking Technology’ employing AI and undergoing development and commercialization at an academic health sciences centre. Through interviews and focus groups with the development and commercialization team, patients, and policy and ethics experts, we suggest that a more expansive design and development lifecycle shaped by key events offers a more robust approach to normative analysis of digital health technologies, especially where those technologies’ actual uses are underspecified or in flux. We introduce five of these key events, outlining their implications for responsible design and governance of AI for health, and present a set of critical questions intended for others doing applied ethics and policy work. We briefly conclude with a reflection on the value of this approach for engaging with health AI ecosystems more broadly.

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Natural rubber-based pressure sensitive adhesive as a drug carrier

Natural rubber-based pressure sensitive adhesive as a drug c...

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International Conference on Advanced Materials in Environment, Energy and Health Applications, AMEEHA 2022

作者： Puyathorn, Napaphol Limsirilak, Sasiprapa Pichayakorn, Wiwat Kalkornsurapranee, Ekwipoo Phaechamud, Thawatchai Program of Pharmaceutical Engineering Faculty of Pharmacy Silpakorn University Nakhon Pathom73000 Thailand Faculty of Pharmacy Siam University Bangkok10160 Thailand Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Prince of Songkla University Songkhla90110 Thailand Division of Physical Science Faculty of Science Prince of Songkla University Songkhla90110 Thailand Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy Silpakorn University Nakhon Pathom73000 Thailand Natural Bioactive and Material for Health Promotion and Drug Delivery System Group Faculty of Pharmacy Silpakorn University Nakhon Pathom73000 Thailand

Natural rubber (NR) has been utilized in several products from its interesting unique properties. This study aimed to develop the pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA) as the transdermal patches from NR by two-roll mill kneading technique. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) was blended as a tackifier agent. The propranolol HCl and ibuprofen at different parts per hundred of rubber (phr) were loaded into this developed PSA. The appearance, thickness, crystallinity, contact angle, water sorption and erosion, adhesion, and in vitro drug permeation of these patches were evaluated. The thickness of all patches was in the range of 0.46-1.07 mm. The drug-loaded patches showed diverse unique topographies depended on both type and amount of drug incorporation. From powder X-ray diffraction analysis, the plain NR-PSA showed the amorphous structure, while the halo pattern inserted with sharp drug peaks were observed on drug-loaded PSA. The contact angle of all samples was in the range of 80-90° indicating their hydrophobic surface. However, they displayed an increased % water sorption with the time of soaking. The 2-4 N adhesion force was evident for all fabricated drug-loaded PSAs. The propranolol HCl permeated from PSA notably lower than ibuprofen. The residual of the drugs in patches was about 85-90 %. These results provided the basic physicochemical properties for the further development of PSA as the transdermal patch. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Rubber

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Stress analysis of flying V-like non-conventional aircraft structures using finite element method

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2941卷

作者： Julius I. Permana Annisa Jusuf Bambang K. Hadi Arief Yudhanto Aerospace Engineering Study Program Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Lightweight Structures Research Group Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Mechanics of Composites for Energy and Mobility Laboratory Mechanical Engineering Program Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia

The stresses that occurred on the structures of a flying wing aircraft exemplified by the Flying-V structures (inspired by the design of Dr. Justus Benad of TU Delft) were evaluated using the finite element method to ensure a safe cruise condition. Two materials, i.e., aluminum alloy and carbon/epoxy composites, were defined in the analysis of the conceptual sub-structures (frame, longeron-stringer, spar-fuselage, ribs, spar wing, and upper and lower skin). These conceptual sub-structures do not necessarily represent the actual design of the Flying-V, although they may be adopted as the initial step. Structural optimization was performed with two objectives: (i) to minimize the sub-structural thickness of fully aluminum aircraft and (ii) to minimize the sub-structural thickness and laminate stacking sequence of fully composite aircraft. To this end, the stresses and wing-tip deflection were minimized. The analysis showed that carbon/epoxy composite is a feasible material to minimize the wing-tip deflection and weight compared to the aluminum alloy. The minimization of wing-tip deflection and weight was possible using a composite lay-up of quasi-isotropic, either (0/45/-45/90)s or (0/45/90/-45)s. Here, the finite element analysis provides a path to further the structural optimization of the non-conventional flying wing aircraft.

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