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SSRN 2022年

作者： Hussain, Abid Khan, S.A. Sharma, Sandeep Kumar Sudarshan, Kathi Sharma, Saurabh Kumar Singh, Chetan Kulriya, Pawan Kumar Materials Science Group Inter University Accelerator Centre New Delhi110067 India Radiochemistry Division Bhabha Atomic research Centre Mumbai400085 India Mechanical Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNY12180 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute Technology New Delhi110067 India School of Physical Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi110067 India

The role of irradiation-induced defects and microstructure evolution in the wake of 1.05 MeV Xe3+ ion irradiation on the structural and mechanical properties of NiCoCrFePd high-entropy alloy (HEA) was investigated using positron annihilation Doppler broadening spectroscopy (PADBS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and nanoindentation techniques. XRD studies confirmed the formation of a single phase face-centred cubic (FCC) structure, which remained structurally stable even upon irradiation at a very high fluence of 9 × 1016 ions/cm2. However, an anomalous reduction in the lattice constant was observed with fragmentation of crystallite and relaxation of microstrain at the initial fluence of 1 × 1016 ions/cm2, which increased upon irradiation at the higher ion fluence due to the collapse of small-sized point defects into the large-sized dislocations. PADBS analysis revealed a distinct S-E profile along with an increase in the S-parameter upon Xe+3 ion irradiation, which is attributed to the shortening of the positron diffusion length with an increase in the density of vacancy types of defects. Ion fluence-dependent PADBS studies also revealed the formation of mono-vacancies at lower fluences, which were saturated by recombination and evolution to form large-size defects upon irradiation at successive ion fluences. The trend line corresponding to fluences of 6 × 1016 ions/cm2 and 9 × 1016 ions/cm2 in the S-W correlation deviated from the trend line corresponding to the lowest fluence, indicating the formation of different types of defects, such as large-size dislocation defects, which is consistent with HR-TEM studies. The nanoindentation hardness increased by 57% upon irradiation at fluence 1 × 1016 ions/cm2 owing to the generation of large vacancies. At a higher fluence of 9 × 1016 ions/cm2 irradiation, the nanoindentation hardness was slightly reduced (~5%), which was attributed to defect recombination and channellin

关键词： High resolution transmission electron microscopy

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Steering post-C-C coupling selectivity enables high efficiency electroreduction of carbon dioxide to multi-carbon alcohols (vol 1, pg 421, 2018)

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NATURE CATALYSIS 2022年第6期5卷 578-579页

作者： Zhuang, Tao-Tao Liang, Zhi-Qin Seifitokaldani, Ali Li, Yi De Luna, Phil Burdyny, Thomas Che, Fanglin Meng, Fei Min, Yimeng Quintero-Bermudez, Rafael Dinh, Cao Thang Pang, Yuanjie Zhong, Miao Zhang, Bo Li, Jun Chen, Pei-Ning Zheng, Xue-Li Liang, Hongyan Ge, Wen-Na Ye, Bang-Jiao Sinton, David Yu, Shu-Hong Sargent, Edward H. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai China Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China

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Radical-mediated Electrical Enzyme Assay For At-home Clinical Test

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Jang, Hyun-June Joung, Hyou-Arm Shi, Xiaoao Ding, Rui Wagner, Justine Tang, Erting Zhuang, Wen Ryu, Byunghoon Chen, Guanmin Yeo, Kiang-Teck Jerry Huang, Jun Chen, Junhong Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Physical Sciences and Engineering Directorate Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States Kompass Diagnostics Inc. LombardIL60148 United States School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Tech Polymer Network Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Tech Polymer Network Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Georgia Tech Polymer Network Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Inha University Incheon22212 Korea Republic of Department of Pathology The University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Pritzker School of Medicine The University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States

To meet the growing demand for accurate, rapid, and cost-effective at-home clinical testing, we developed a radical-mediated enzyme assay (REEA) integrated with a paper fluidic system and electrically read by a handheld field-effect transistor (FET) device. The REEA utilizes horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to catalyze the conversion of aromatic substrates into radical forms, producing protons detected by an ion-sensitive FET for biomarker quantification. Through screening 14 phenolic compounds, halogenated phenols emerged as optimal substrates for the REEA. Encased in an affordable cartridge ($0.55 per test), the system achieved a detection limit of 146 fg/mL for estradiol (E2), with a coefficient of variation (CV) below 9.2% in E2-spiked samples and an r2of 0.963 across a measuring range of 19 to 4,551 pg/mL in clinical plasma samples, providing results in under 10 minutes. This adaptable system not only promises to offer a fast and reliable platform, but also holds significant potential for expansion to a wide array of biomarkers, paving the way for broader clinical and home-based applications. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Free radical reactions

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Novel platform for quantitative evaluation of medicinal efficacy based on contractility of artificial skeletal muscle

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Journal of Biomechanical science and engineering 2023年第4期18卷

作者： Kishishita, Kota Nakamura, Tomohiro Mizutani, Marino Fujisato, Toshia Hashimoto, Takeshi Matsui, Naoko Maruki-Uchida, Hiroko Iemoto, Naoki Yokoyama, Sho Graduate School and Faculty of Engineering Osaka Institute of Technology 5-16-1 Omiya Asahi-ku Osaka535-858 Japan Division of Human Sciences Section for Health-Related Physical Education Faculty of Engineering Osaka Institute of Technology 5-16-1 Omiya Asahi-ku Osaka535-8585 Japan Department of Biomedical Engineering Osaka Institute of Technology 5-16-1 Omiya Asahi-ku Osaka535-8585 Japan Faculty of Sport and Health Science Ritsumeikan University 1-1-1 Nojihigashi Shiga Kusatsu525-8577 Japan Morinaga & Co. Ltd. Health Science and Research Center Morinaga & Co. Ltd. 2-1-1 Shimodueyoshi Tsurumi-ku Kanagawa 230-8504 Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering Osaka Institute of Technology 5-16-1 Omiya Asahi-ku Osaka535-8585 Japan

Atrophy is characterized by muscle weakness and reduced mobility and results from inactivity, aging, cancer cachexia, and excessive glucocorticoid use. Skeletal muscle is essential for locomotion and energy production and accounts for a significant portion of body weight. Loss of muscle function adversely affects athletic performance and metabolism, affecting quality of life. Since there is no definitive cure, preventive measures such as diet and exercise are taken. The development of direct muscle atrophy therapeutics is urgently needed. Historically, animal studies have been used to predict pharmaceutical and food-derived functional ingredients efficacy in humans and to assess pharmacokinetics. However, in recent years there has been a global shift towards non-animal methods (alternatives to animal testing) due to animal welfare concerns. This study introduces a versatile assay for the development of Pharmaceutical and food-derived functional ingredients for the treatment of muscle atrophy using an artificial skeletal muscle contractility-based drug quantification platform. The effectiveness of this platform was demonstrated with quercetin, revealing its direct role in enhancing muscle contractility and promoting myotube formation via upregulation of Myh3 and cell migration by Cxcl5. This method provides a bridge between cellular assays and human studies and will advance research into the treatment of myopathies. © 2023 The Japan Society of mechanical Engineers. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://***/licenses/by/4.0/).

关键词： Muscle

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A primitive variable discrete exterior calculus discretization of incompressible navier-stokes equations over surface simplicial meshes

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Jagad, Pankaj Abukhwejah, Abdullah Mohamed, Mamdouh Samtaney, Ravi Mechanical Engineering Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Design and Production Faculty of Engineering Cairo University Giza Egypt

A conservative primitive variable discrete exterior calculus (DEC) discretization of the Navier-Stokes equations is performed. An existing DEC method (Mohamed, M. S., Hirani, A. N., Samtaney, R. (2016). Discrete exterior calculus discretization of incompressible Navier-Stokes equations over surface simplicial meshes. Journal of Computational Physics, 312, 175-191) is modified to this end, and is extended to include the energy-preserving time integration and the Coriolis force to enhance its applicability to investigate the late time behavior of flows on rotating surfaces, i.e., that of the planetary flows. The simulation experiments show second order accuracy of the scheme for the structured-triangular meshes, and first order accuracy for the otherwise unstructured meshes. The method exhibits second order kinetic energy relative error convergence rate with mesh size for inviscid flows. The test case of flow on a rotating sphere demonstrates that the method preserves the stationary state, and conserves the inviscid invariants over an extended period of time. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Viscous flow

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Scalable and shapable nacre-like ceramic-metal composites based on deformable microspheres

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National science Review 2025年第3期 338-346页

作者： Yu-Jie Lu Xiang-Sen Meng Qiu-An Sun Jie Wang Jun-Jie Song Peng-Fei Wang Guo-Rui Wang Cheng-Xin Yu Yong-Sheng Zhang Li-Bo Mao Shu-Hong Yu Department of Chemistry New Cornerstone Science Laboratory Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Modern Mechanics CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials University of Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Innovative Materials Department of Materials Science and Engineering Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology

Natural nacre that consists of brittle minerals and weak organics exhibits a high fracture toughness while retaining a high strength. The exceptional mechanical performance of nacre is attributed to its hierarchical structure like a ‘brick-and-mortar' structure, which has inspired the development of tough ceramic-based composites. However, the practical applications of biomimetic structural ceramics are hindered by limited material size, fabrication efficiency and flexibility of being molded into various shapes. We herein report the fabrication of nacre-like ceramic-metal composites based on deformable alumina microspheres coated with nickel salt. Green bodies are produced by assembling the composite microspheres in molds with different shapes. During the hot-pressing sintering of the green bodies, the microspheres are flattened into platelets under pressure and fill up the entire space without visible voids. The aligned platelets are separated by nickel that is reduced from the nickel salt on their surface, constituting a typical ‘brick-and-mortar' structure. By tuning the microsphere sizes, the microstructures of the composites can be optimized to obtain a high flexural strength（386 MPa at room temperature and 286.86 MPa at 600°C） and a high fracture toughness(12.76 MPa·m1/2at room temperature and 12.99 MPa·m1/2at 600°C) simultaneously. This strategy opens a promising avenue for the feasible mass production and all-in-one molding of nacre-like ceramic-metal composites with various shapes, sizes and raw materials.

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Niche overlap between monk seal (Monachus monachus) and small-scale fishery fleet of Marathokampos Bay in Samos Island (North Aegean Sea, Greece)

Niche overlap between monk seal (Monachus monachus) and smal...

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IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for the Sea;Learning to Measure Sea Health Parameters (MetroSea)

作者： Maurizio Ingrosso Beatriz Tintoré Laura Macrina Giulia Cipriano Thodoris Tsimpidis Anastasia Miliou Roberto Carlucci Guido Pietroluongo Department of Biosciences Biotechnology and Environment Archipelagos Institute of Marine Conservation University of Bari Aldo Moro Bari Italy Department of Mechanical Engineering Archipelagos Institute of Marine Conservation Brunel University London Pythagorio Greece Marine Science Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division KAUST Red Sea Research Center Archipelagos Institute of Marine Conservation King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Pythagorio Greece Department of Biosciences Biotechnology and Environment University of Bari Aldo Moro Bari Italy Archipelagos Institute of Marine Conservation Pythagorio Greece Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science University of Padova Legnaro Italy

The Mediterranean population of Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) is reported as "Critically endangered" by IUCN Red List and its spatial distribution seems to be fragmented in colonies, mainly found around the Ionian and Aegean *** seals are proved to be highly affected by human pressure such as boat traffic and fishery. Previous studies highlighted the occurrence of net depredation and interactions with artisanal small-scale fisheries. Accordingly, a source of concern is the little quantitative information on various aspects of the Greek small-scale fisheries. Thus, the landings composition of the Marathokampos Bay’s fleet between 2009 and 2011 has been analysed. Then, a dietary overlap index and multivariate analysis were used to analyse the overlap between resources exploited by fisheries and those consumed by monk *** show that for a total of 565 days at sea, 57 % of those fishing days were performed with Trammel nets, 11.3 % with 8-9 mm Gillnets, 18.4 % with Longline, 12.6 % with Boat seine, 0.5 % with Kalami and 0.2 % for the Purse seine. The total landing biomass of 14.3 tons was composed of 68 species. Monk seal’s diets considered in the analysis showed the highest resource overlap with the Boat seines and the lowest with the Purse seines. Results of the cluster analysis showed that the similarity at 0.2 similarity level revealed a big group composed only by fishing métiers (Longline, Trammel net, Purse seine and total fleet).This study suggests that filling this gap of knowledge could support the implementation of conservation actions. Furthermore, some preliminary results regarding the characteristic of the Marathokampos Bay’s fishing fleet are provided, and the need to gather further data able to better quantify the impacts of both monk seals and fishery on the resources is underlined.

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SRBench++: Principled Benchmarking of Symbolic Regression With Domain-Expert Interpretation

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IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 2024年 1-1页

作者： de Franca, F.O. Virgolin, M. Kommenda, M. Majumder, M.S. Cranmer, M. Espada, G. Ingelse, L. Fonseca, A. Landajuela, M. Petersen, B. Glatt, R. Mundhenk, N. Lee, C.S. Hochhalter, J.D. Randall, D.L. Kamienny, P. Zhang, H. Dick, G. Simon, A. Burlacu, B. Kasak, Jaan Machado, Meera Wilstrup, Casper Cavaz, W.G.L. Federal University of ABC Santo Andre Brazil Evolutionary Intelligence group Centrum Wiskunde and Informatica Science Park Amsterdam Netherlands University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria Hagenberg Austria Computational Health Informatics Program Boston Children’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston USA Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute and Department of Astrophysical Sciences of Princeton University USA LASIGE Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal Computational Engineering Division Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Utah Utah USA Meta FAIR France Victoria University of Wellington School of Engineering and Computer Science New Zealand University of otago Department of Information Science New Zealand Institut für Angewandte Physik Universität TübingenMax Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Tübingen Germany Abzu AI Orient Plads 1 Nordhavn Denmark

Symbolic regression searches for analytic expressions that accurately describe studied phenomena. The main promise of this approach is that it may return an interpretable model that can be insightful to users, while maintaining high accuracy. The current standard for benchmarking these algorithms is SRBench, which evaluates methods on hundreds of datasets that are a mix of real-world and simulated processes spanning multiple domains. At present, the ability of SRBench to evaluate interpretability is limited to measuring the size of expressions on real-world data, and the exactness of model forms on synthetic data. In practice, model size is only one of many factors used by subject experts to determine how interpretable a model truly is. Furthermore, SRBench does not characterize algorithm performance on specific, challenging sub-tasks of regression such as feature selection and evasion of local minima. In this work, we propose and evaluate an approach to benchmarking SR algorithms that addresses these limitations of SRBench by 1) incorporating expert evaluations of interpretability on a domain-specific task, and 2) evaluating algorithms over distinct properties of data science tasks. We evaluate 12 modern symbolic regression algorithms on these benchmarks and present an in-depth analysis of the results, discuss current challenges of symbolic regression algorithms and highlight possible improvements for the benchmark itself. Authors

关键词： Benchmarking

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Simultaneous high-speed x-ray transmission imaging and absolute dynamic absorptance measurements during high-power laser-metal processing 11

Simultaneous high-speed x-ray transmission imaging and absol...

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11th CIRP Conference on Photonic Technologies, LANE 2020

作者： Simonds, Brian J. Tanner, Jack Artusio-Glimpse, Alexandra Williams, Paul A. Parab, Niranjan Zhao, Cang Sun, Tao Applied Physics Division Physical Measurements Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology BoulderCO80305 United States X-ray Science Division Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA United States

During high-power laser metal processing, the absorbed light is intimately related to the molten metal cavity shape. For the first time, this relationship is observed directly and simultaneously by implementing state-of-the-art techniques of high-speed x-ray imaging and integrating-sphere radiometry. Experiments were performed on Ti-6Al-4V solid and powder under single spot laser illumination for laser conditions that cause keyhole formation and collapse. The data from x-ray imaging corroborates that a dramatic rise in laser absorption is due to keyhole formation. We also find that the keyhole area correlates most strongly with energy absorption followed closely by keyhole depth. Furthermore, time synchronization reveals correlations between keyhole fluctuations and sinusoidal variations in energy absorption that occur during nominally "stable" keyhole conditions. Absorption data show a 24 % periodic change in absorbed laser power at a 50 kHz frequency. The absorption peaks correlate to relatively large, open keyholes, whereas images taken at the troughs reveal keyholes with substantial undulations of the keyhole sidewalls. These observations give crucial, quantitative data for computational modeling whose aim is to predict porosity and defect formation. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： 3D printers

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Optically-generated focused ultrasound for noninvasive brain stimulation with ultrahigh precision

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Li, Yueming Jiang, Ying Lan, Lu Ge, Xiaowei Cheng, Ran Zhan, Yuewei Chen, Guo Shi, Linli Wang, Runyu Zheng, Nan Yang, Chen Cheng, Ji-Xin Department of Mechanical Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Graduate Program for Neuroscience Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Department of Chemistry Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Division of Materials Science and Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States

High precision neuromodulation is a powerful tool to decipher neurocircuits and treat neurological diseases. Current non-invasive neuromodulation methods offer limited precision at the millimeter-level. Here, we report optically-generated focused ultrasound (OFUS) for non-invasive brain stimulation with ultrahigh precision. OFUS is generated by a soft optoacoustic pad (SOAP) fabricated through embedding candle soot nanoparticles in a curved polydimethylsiloxane film. SOAP generates a transcranial ultrasound focus at 15 MHz with an ultrahigh lateral resolution of 83 µm, which is two orders of magnitude smaller than that of conventional transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS). Here, we show effective OFUS neurostimulation in vitro with a single ultrasound cycle. We demonstrate submillimeter transcranial stimulation of the mouse motor cortex in vivo. An acoustic energy of 0.6 mJ/cm2, four orders of magnitude less than that of tFUS, is sufficient for successful OFUS neurostimulation. OFUS offers new capabilities for neuroscience studies and disease treatments by delivering a focus with ultrahigh precision non-invasively. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silicones

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